History of Nursing Occupation PDF

History of Nursing Occupation Prepared by: Mrs Nidal Qadi NURSE%25201 Nidal Qadi 1  Lesson Objectives ◼ To understand why and how the nursing profession developed. ◼ To focus on the role of Florence Nightingale & other...

History of Nursing Occupation Prepared by: Mrs Nidal Qadi NURSE%25201 Nidal Qadi 1  Lesson Objectives ◼ To understand why and how the nursing profession developed. ◼ To focus on the role of Florence Nightingale & other nursing leaders. Nidal Qadi 2  Historical Perspective ◼ Belief that good and evil spirits bring health or illness ◼ Nurse portrayed as mother caring for family (nurturing role) Nidal Qadi 3  989509551 ◼ Throughout the middle ages, care was provided primarily by religious orders to sick and poor ◼ Some of the earliest nurses were nuns. ◼ Sisters of mercy order originated in 1830s by roman catholic church in Dublin in Ireland (still exists today) Nidal Qadi 4  During the Middle ages continued… nurse ◼ No specific training was required for someone to become a nurse ◼ Wealthy individuals received care at home by doctors Nidal Qadi 5 Historical Perspective/ Beginning of Civilization ◼ Belief that illness is caused by sin and gods’ displeasure ◼ Temples were centers of medical care ◼ Priest as physician ◼ Nurse viewed as slave carrying out menial tasks ordered by priests Nidal Qadi 6  Besides nuns, other early nurses included: ◼Women of ill repute Go to fullsize image ◼Poor, single women with no family or hope of marriage ◼Prisoners, servants and Go to fullsize image slaves Nidal Qadi 7  Nursing prior to the late 1800s: ◼ Required no specialized training ◼ Paid badly, if at all ◼ Was considered unrespectable ◼ Carried out under deplorable conditions ◼ Was NOT regarded as A profession ◼ Often did little to help patients recover Go to fullsize image Nidal Qadi 8 Historical Perspective/ 18th –19th Century ◼ Hospital schools organized ◼ Female nurses under control of male hospital administrators and physicians ◼ Male dominance of health care ◼ Nursing becomes respected occupation ◼ Modern methods in nursing education founded Nidal Qadi 9  Historical Perspective/ World War II ◼ Explosion of knowledge in medicine and technology ◼ Efforts to upgrade nursing education ◼ Women more assertive and independent Nidal Qadi 10  Historical Perspective/ 1950’s to Present ◼ Varied healthcare settings developed ◼ Nursing broadened in all areas ◼ Growth of nursing as a profession Nidal Qadi 11  Nursing as a profession ◼ Emerged in late 19th century ◼ Credit is given to Florence Nightingale Go to fullsize image Nidal Qadi 12  Go to fullsize image Who was Florence Nightingale? ◼ She was born in 1820 and died in 1910 ◼ Born in Italy to wealthy English parents ◼ Frustrated by lack of options for women of her social background ◼ Defied parents and society and traveled to Germany and throughout Europe to train as a nurse ◼ Her big opportunity came when the Crimean war broke out in 1854 Nidal Qadi 13  Go to fullsize image During Crimean War: ◼ Secretary of War asked her to go take charge of the hospital at Scutari in Turkey. ◼ Nightingale showed up with 38 trained nurses and faced a death rate of 40% ◼ She was met by patients lying on boards among piles of filth, patients received only one meal a day, no supplies, no sanitation, and hostility from army doctors Nidal Qadi 14  Barrack Hospital, Istanbul. Florence Nightingale's big opportunity came when the Secretary at War, who knew the family, asked her to go to the Crimea to take charge of the hospital at Scutari in Turkey. Nidal Qadi 15 A Nightingale Ward Nidal Qadi 16  Her accomplishments at Scutari in two years included: Go to fullsize image ◼ Death rate decreased to 2% ◼ She established cleanliness and sanitation rules ◼ Patients received special diets and Go to fullsize image plenty of food ◼ Improved water supply Go to fullsize image ◼ Patients received proper nursing care ◼ Nightingale established a Go to fullsize image reputation which allowed her to improve nursing standards at 17 Nidal Qadi  Go to fullsize image Florence Nightingale ◼ Nightingale established nursing school at St. Thomas’ Hospital, London upon return ◼ By 1887, Nightingale had her nurses working in six countries and U.S. ◼ Nightingale developed basic philosophy : The profession of nursing is different from other existing programs ◼ Nightingale was a nurse, philosopher, statistician, historian, politician and more ◼ Today Nightingale is considered the founder of Nidal Qadi 18 Florence Nightingale (1820- 1910) ◼ Believed nursing is separate and distinct from medicine ◼ Recognized nutrition as important to health ◼ Instituted occupational and recreational therapy for sick people ◼ Stressed the need for continuing education for nurses ◼ Maintained accurate records/beginning of nursing research Nidal Qadi 19 ◼ Identified personal needs of patient and role of nurse in meeting them ◼ Established Standards for hospital management ◼ Established nursing education and consider nursing as a respected occupation for women ◼ Recognized two components of nursing – health and illness Nidal Qadi 20  Nightingales ‘7’ basic tenets were that: ◼ 1. The content of nursing education must be defined by nurses. ◼ 2. Nurse educators are responsible for the nursing care provided by students and graduates of the nursing program. Go to fullsize image ◼ 3. Educators should be trained nurses themselves. ◼ 4. Nursing schools should be separate entities, not connected with physicians or hospitals. 21 Nidal Qadi  Nightingale’s basic tenets continued.. ◼ 5. Nurses should be prepared with advanced education and should engage in continuing education throughout their careers. ◼ 6. Nursing involves both sick nursing and healthy nursing and includes the environment as well as the patient (holism). Go to fullsize image ◼ 7. Nursing must include theory. Nidal Qadi 22  Other Nursing Leaders Clara Barton ◼ She was schoolteacher who volunteered as nurse during American civil war. ◼ Barton is noted for her role in establishing the American Red Cross. Nidal Qadi 23  Other Nursing Leaders Lillian wald Is considered the founder of public health nursing. ◼ She offer trained nursing services to the poor. Liviana dock ◼ Her campaigned for legislation to allow nurses rather than physicians to control their profession. Nidal Qadi 24  nurse Questions ? Nidal Qadi 25