Hormones of the Endocrine Glands PDF

Pituitary Gland Hormone Target Tissue Anterior Pituitary Gland Adrenal cortex Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Gonadotropic hormones • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Luteinizing hormone (LH) Growth hormone (GH), or somatotropin Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) Reproductive organs All...

Pituitary Gland Hormone Target Tissue Anterior Pituitary Gland Adrenal cortex Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Gonadotropic hormones • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Luteinizing hormone (LH) Growth hormone (GH), or somatotropin Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) Reproductive organs All body cells Melanocytes in the skin Ovary and mammary glands in women Testes in men Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or thyrotropin Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Oxytocin Thyroid gland Posterior Pituitary Gland Renal tubules Vascular smooth muscle Uterus Mammary glands Function Growth of the adrenal cortex Corticosteroid secretion Secretion of sex hormones resulting in reproductive organ growth Reproductive processes Promotes growth and tissue repair Increases melanin production in melanocytes making skin darker Stimulates milk production in lactating women Increases response of follicles to LH and FSH Stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormones Growth and function of the thyroid gland Promotes water reabsorption from the renal tubules Vasoconstriction Stimulates uterine contractions Stimulates milk secretion Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Hormone Calcitonin Target Tissue Thyroid Gland Bone tissue Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) All body tissues All body tissues Parathyroid Glands Function Regulates serum calcium and phosphorus levels (lowers serum Ca) Precursor to T3 Regulates metabolic rate Regulates cell growth and tissue differentiation Parathyroid hormone (PTH), or parathormone Bone Intestines Kidneys Regulates serum calcium and phosphorus levels (increases serum Ca) Promotes bone demineralization Increases intestinal absorption of Ca Adrenal Glands Adrenal Glands Hormone Epinephrine (adrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Target Tissue Adrenal Medulla Catecholamine Androgens and estradiol Adrenal Cortex Reproductive organs Corticosteroids All body tissues Mineralocorticoids Kidney Function Increases as a response to stress Enhances and prolongs the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Promote growth during adolescence Promote the appearance of secondary sex characteristics Promote libido in both sexes Promote metabolism Increases in response to stress Anti-inflammatory properties Regulate sodium and potassium balance and water balance Pancreas Hormone Amylin (from beta cells) Target Tissue Pancreas Liver Stomach Function Decreases gastric motility Decreases glucagon secretion Decreases endogenous glucose release from the liver Increases satiety Glucagon (from alpha cells) General Insulin (from beta cells) General Pancreatic polypeptide General Somatostatin Pancreas Stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis Promotes glucose transport from the blood into the cells Influences regulation of pancreatic function and metabolism of absorbed nutrients Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion Gonads Hormone Estrogen Target Tissue Ovaries Reproductive system Breasts Progesterone Reproductive system Testosterone Testes Reproductive system Function Stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics Prepares the uterus for fertilization and fetal development Stimulates bone growth Maintains lining of the uterus needed for successful pregnancy Stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics Spermatogenesis