Brunei's History Notes PDF

The Abode of peace SLIDESMANIA.COM Map of Brunei SLIDESMANIA.COM Flag and its representation Crescent symbolizes Islam Parasol symbolizes monarchy Hands symbolize the benevolence of the government. Black and White stripes represents Brunei’s chief ministers: On the crescent is the national motto of...

The Abode of peace SLIDESMANIA.COM Map of Brunei SLIDESMANIA.COM Flag and its representation Crescent symbolizes Islam Parasol symbolizes monarchy Hands symbolize the benevolence of the government. Black and White stripes represents Brunei’s chief ministers: On the crescent is the national motto of Brunei in Arabic: ‫اﻟداﺋﻣون اﻟﻣﺣﺳﻧون‬ White‫ ;ﺑﺎﻟﮭدى‬Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna - Pengiran Bendahara (First minister) Black- bi-l-hudā, meaning “Always render Pengiran Pemancha (Second Minister) service with God's guidance”. SLIDESMANIA.COM Yellow the color of royalty Below this is a banner inscribed with the name of the country in Jawi: ‫ ;ﺑروﻧﻲ داراﻟﺳﻼم‬Brunei Darussalam, which means ‘Brunei, the Abode of Introduction: -Brunei is an independent sultanate on the northwest coast of the island of Borneo and The Oil-Rich Malay Kingdom. - Pronounced as (Brunay) - It did not join the federation of Malaysia and preferred instead to wait for its own independence in 1984 SLIDESMANIA.COM - It is rich in oil and gas deposits (One of the richest men in the world) - Brunei is the main producer of chewing gum. Introduction: -Also called “The shell welfare state”. One of the best welfare state in the world. SLIDESMANIA.COM 1. Income is not taxed. 2. The state provides free or subsidized housing 3. free medical and dental care 4. free education up to university level 5. interest-free loans. SLIDESMANIA.COM Official Name Brunei also called Negara Brunei Darussalam (Brunei, the peaceful home) Capital Bandar Seri Begawan (Formerly Brunei Town) Land Area 5,765 square kilometer (75% is forested) Location Southeast Asia Population 445,431 Languages Language is Malay, but English is widely spoken Religions Islam (Official Religion) and christianity Government Constitutional Sultanate/Monarchy Currency Brunei dollar ( 1 Brunei Dollar = 38.33 Philippine peso) Nationality Bruneian People Malays - 65% , Chinese - 20% Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Muʿizzaddin Waddaulah, (born July 15, 1946, Brunei Town [now Bandar Seri Begawan], Brunei) and was educated in Malaysia and Britain. SLIDESMANIA.COM Hassanal Bolkiah, one of the world's longest-reigning monarchs, became sultan in October 1967 after his father, Sir Haji Omar Ali Saifuddin, abdicated. He was crowned in August 1968. He has two wives (polygamy) and is one of the world's richest individuals. SLIDESMANIA.COM Some key dates in Brunei's history: 15th century - Islamic sultanate of Brunei nominally in control of Borneo, including Sabah and Sarawak state of Malaysia, and some parts of the Sulu islands in the Philippines. 1888 - Brunei becomes a British protectorate. 1941-1945 - Japan occupies Brunei 1963 - Brunei chooses to remain a British dependency rather than join the Federation of Malaysia. 1967 - Hassanal Bolkiah becomes sultan following the abdication of his father, Sultan Omar. 1984 - Brunei becomes independent. 2014 - Brunei becomes the first East Asian country to adopt Islamic sharia law despite widespread international condemnation. Brunei Assignment Instructions: Read the history of Brunei in your Civics book pages 294-295.Do not forget to take down notes. It will be checked next meeting. SLIDESMANIA.COM Brunei’s History. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Some key dates in Brunei's history: 15th century - Islamic sultanate of Brunei nominally in control of Borneo, including Sabah and Sarawak state of Malaysia, and some parts of the Sulu islands in the Philippines. 1888 - Brunei becomes a British protectorate. 1941-1945 - Japan occupies Brunei 1963 - Brunei chooses to remain a British dependency rather than join the Federation of Malaysia. 1967 - Hassanal Bolkiah becomes sultan following the abdication of his father, Sultan Omar. 1984 - Brunei becomes independent. 2014 - Brunei becomes the first East Asian country to adopt Islamic sharia law despite widespread international condemnation. - Brunei is one of the smallest countries in the world. It is a sultanate ruled by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. - From 13th-15th, it was part of the Javanese empire. - When Majapahit declined, Brunei became an independent sultanate - The spread of islam in the SEA converted the people to the muslim religion. - Brunei Became powerful from 16th - 19th century. - In 1888, British came to Brunei and made their protectorate in 1906. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM - During WWII, the Japanese took over until the end of the war in 1945. - The British returned after WWII and continue administering Brunei as a dependent state. - In 1959, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin, regained control of the internal affairs of Brunei and finally became independent in 1984. - In 1967, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah took over as sultan after his father stepped down and started heading constitutional sultanate. (A constitution was made in 1959 which created the executive branch made up of five councils headed by the sultan.) Constitutional Sultanate Sultan Council of Legislative Privy Council succession Council Council of Religious Council (BIRC) Minesters SLIDESMANIA.COM It has a parliament consisting 36 members(supposed to be elected by the people) but since 1970, the sultan started appointing its members. SLIDESMANIA.COM - In 1962 (Legislative council elections), Brunei people’s party won 10 elected seats in the 21 member-council. - Brunei People’s party was a group wanted to remove the sultan from power - Brunei is one of the richest country in the world. Its main source of income is oil and natural gas. 90% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) comes from oil and gas deposits. - At present, Brunei is trying to diversify and look for other sources of revenue (remaining oil deposits are beginning to dry out and may last only for the next three decades.) Geographical features in Brunei Geographical features in Brunei Belait River SLIDESMANIA.COM Belait River, Malay Sungai Belait, short stream on the island of Borneo, politically in Brunei, near its far southwestern border with the Malaysian state of Sarawak with 209 km in length (The longest river in Brunei) Geographical features in Brunei Tutong River SLIDESMANIA.COM The 137-kilometre (85 mi) Tutong River is the sole primary river and only flows in the district. It begins in the district's interior in the south and flows northwards which finally discharges into the South China Sea. Geographical features in Brunei Temburong River The Temburong River (Malay: Sungai Temburong) is a river in Brunei. It is the smallest of the four main rivers in the country with 98 km in length. SLIDESMANIA.COM Geographical features in Brunei Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque SLIDESMANIA.COM Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque is a mosque in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei. It is one of the country's two masjid negara or national mosques, as well as a national landmark. Climate in Brunei Brunei has a mainly tropical rainforest type of climate (Köppen climate classification Af)or equatorial tropical climate. The climate is hot and humid, with ample rainfall for much of the year. Generally there are two seasons. The wettest months are between October to December. Brunei lies in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone near the equator, where the air masses from the northern and southern hemispheres meet. Southwest Monsoon - June to September SLIDESMANIA.COM Northeast Monsoon - December to March Brunei’s cultures and practices SLIDESMANIA.COM Religions(Most Bruneians are Muslims and as such their lives revolve around the duties afforded to them by Islam.) 1 Alcohol is banned (sharia law) from the country however pork is allowed for non-Muslims. 2 Shaking hands across genders is rare. 3 As such, if you are visiting Brunei, then consider placing your right hand over your heart and giving a small bow if meeting someone of the opposite gender. 4. Muslims must pray five times a day – at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening. 5. Friday is the Muslim holy day. Everything is closed. Many companies as well as government offices also close on Sunday and Saturday afternoon. 6 The Sultan encourages the recital of the Quran each morning prior to the start of work to obtain Allah’s blessing and guidance. SLIDESMANIA.COM Meeting Etiquette Ethnic Malay men shake hands with one another, but men and women do not traditionally shake hands. Younger Bruneians may shake hands with foreign women or they may merely bow their head in greeting. It is considered respectful to bow your head when someone who is senior to yourself in age or position. It is considered disrespectful and rude to stare into another person's eyes, particularly those of a person who is senior to you in age or status. SLIDESMANIA.COM Gift Giving Etiquette SLIDESMANIA.COM If invited to someone's home for dinner bring good quality chocolates or fruit. Also, ensure that food wrappings do not include any images which might be islamically offensive. Avoid white wrapping paper as it symbolizes death and mourning. Offer gifts with the right hand only or both hands if the item is large. Gifts are generally not opened when received. Dining Etiquette SLIDESMANIA.COM 1. Punctuality is not strictly adhered to. You may arrive a little late without causing offense. 2. Shoes are generally removed before entering a house. 3. Wait to be told where to sit. 4. Do not eat with the left hand, as it is considered unclean. 5. Many Malays eat with their fingers. Alternatively, they may serve cutlery for foreign guests, usually a fork and a tablespoon. 6. When you are finished eating, place your fork facing downward on your plate with your spoon, also facing downward, crossed over the fork. Independence/ National Day National Day in Brunei is celebrated on February 23 every year. Also known as 'Hari Nasional' in Malay, the National Day commemorates the day Brunei seceded from Great Britain and became an independent nation. SLIDESMANIA.COM