Note Week 5-6: Living and Non-Living Things PDF

**PARTICULATE MATTER** Matter is made up of discrete particles. When a substance is heated, its particles acquire more kinetic energy, while when cooled; they lose kinetic energy and become less energetic. Matter can change its state when heated to a particular temperature. Change of state is broug...

**PARTICULATE MATTER** Matter is made up of discrete particles. When a substance is heated, its particles acquire more kinetic energy, while when cooled; they lose kinetic energy and become less energetic. Matter can change its state when heated to a particular temperature. Change of state is brought about by heating or cooling. A given substance can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. The main particles of matter are: 1. Atom 2. Molecules 3. Ions **TOPIC: LIVING THING AND NON-LIVING THING (II)** **CONTENT** - Characteristics of Living and Non-living things - Characteristics of Plants and Animals - Importance of plants and animals A living thing is an organism that has life. That is, it possesses all the characteristics and features that enable it to perform certain activities that non-living things cannot perform. The characteristics of living things can be used to make differences between plants and animals. **EXAMPLES OF LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS** **Examples of living things** Some examples of living things include the following organisms: goats, sheep, birds, cows, toads, rats, rabbits, earthworms, tapeworms, housefly, maize plants, mango trees, orange trees, coconut tree, Rhizopus, euglena, etc. **Examples of non-living things** The following are examples of some non-living things around us: stones, pens, books, tables, chairs, bags, pencils, shoes, water, cups, buckets, air, radios, handset, and cleaners. Etc. **Characteristics of Living and Non-living Things** 1\. Living things can move, but non-living things cannot. 2\. Energy is required by living things, while non-livings do not require energy. 3\. Living things are capable of growth, reproduction, and death. 4\. Non-living things are non-motile, but living things can move around. 5\. Living things respire; non-living things do not respire. 6\. Living things adapt to their surroundings and respond to stimuli. **EVALUATION** 1. State five characteristics of living and non-living things. 2. List four examples of living things. **Differences in Characteristics of Plants and Animals** Characteristics Plants Animals -------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Movement Passive ie movement is aided by external forces such as wind or water current Active movement because they have locomotory organs such as limbs, flagella, and cilia. Nutrition Plants are autotrophic ie they make their food due to the presence of chloroplast. Animals are heterotrophic ie they depend on ready-made food from plants and other animals. Irritability/Sensitivity Plants respond to stimuli slowly. Animals respond quickly to the stimuli. Growth Growth in plants is unlimited and apical Growth in animals is limited and uniform. Excretion Plants produce very little waste products (eg gum and latex) due to the absence of specialized excretory organs. Animals produce a lot of waste products (eg urine, water, excess minerals, urea, etc) due to the presence of specialized organs eg kidney Respiration Plants do not have specialized respiratory organs Animals have specialized respiratory organs **IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS TO HUMAN BEINGS** Plants are useful to human beings in the following ways: 1. They help in the beautification of man's environment 2. They are sources of food for human 3. They provide fresh air to human beings by taking dangerous carbon 4. Oxide away from the air and releasing oxygen into the air 5. They provide human beings with industrial raw materials e.g. plants for building 6. They provide firewood for human beings to cook at home 7. They provide human beings with roughage to run their bowels 8. They return water into the air to reduce the temperature to a bearable level for the comfort of human beings 9. They provide cloud formation by returning water into the atmosphere 10. They help to reduce soil erosion by holding the soil particles together. **USES OF ANIMALS TO HUMAN BEINGS** Animals are useful to human beings in the following ways: 1. Some animals serve as a source of protein to human beings when they are consumed 2. Products of some animals are useful for human beings as food or medicine e.g. honey produced by bees 3. Products of some animals are raw materials to some manufacturing industries e.g. skin, milk, horn, etc. 4. Some animals e.g. horses and camels are used in farm works 5. Some animals e.g. horses and donkeys serve as a means of transportation for human beings 6. Some animals serve as a source of revenue to human beings e.g. hens etc. 7. Some animals e.g. dogs, provide security to human beings 8. Some animals e.g. dogs are used for hunting by farmers 9. Some animals are trained to entertain human beings. **EXAMPLES OF LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS** **Examples of living things** Some examples of living things include the following organisms: goat, sheep, bird, cow, toad, rat, rabbit, earthworm, tapeworm, housefly, maize plant, mango tree, orange tree, coconut tree, Rhizopus, euglena, etc. **Examples of nonliving things** The following are examples of some non-living things around us: stone, pen, book, table, chair, beg, pencil, shoe, water, cup, bucket, air, radio, handset, cleaner. Etc. **Properties of Living Things and Non-Living Things** Living things are made up of cells, exhibit characteristics of life, like growth, movement, reproduction, response to stimuli; they evolve, and require energy for daily activities. Some of the daily life examples of living things around us are human beings, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Non-living things do not exhibit any characteristics of life. They do not grow, respire, need energy, move, reproduce, evolve, or maintain homeostasis. These things are made up of non-living materials. Some examples of non-living things are stones, paper, electronic goods, books, buildings, and automobiles. **Uses of Living and Non-Living Things** **PLANTS** 1. Plants serve as sources of food to man e.g. okro, cassava, beans, rice, oranges etc. 2. As a source of medicine to cure diseases e.g. Neem leaves to cure fever. 3. Plants are used as firewood 4. They are used in building and construction 5. Plants give oxygen during photosynthesis 6. Flowering plants are used to beautify our environment 7. Some domestic and wild animals can feed on plants. **ANIMALS** 1\. Human beings feed on animals e.g. cow, goat, etc. 2\. Man can make money from the rearing of animals. e.g. cow 3\. They are used as means of transportation e.g. horse 4\. Some animals are used as toys e.g. puppies **EVALUATIO**N 1. Give four uses of plants. 2. State four uses of animals **READING ASSIGNMENT** NIGERIA BASIC SCIENCE PROJECT PAGE 77-83, **Precious seed BASIC SCIENCE FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOOK 1 PAGE 112-117** **GENERAL EVALUATION** 1\. What is a non-living thing? 2\. State five examples of non-living things around you. 3.        Give four examples of plants and four examples of animals. 4.        State the seven characteristics of plants and animals. **WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT** 1\. \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- is the ability to respond to stimuli \[a\] Growth \[b\] Respiration \[c\]Irritability \[d\] Excretion 2\. Animals are useful to human beings \[a\] False \[b\] True \[c\] All of the above \[d\] None of the above. 3\. One example of the animals is \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- \[a\] mosquito \[b\] tomato \[c\] okro \[d\] pawpaw 4\. Plants are used for the following except\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- \[a\] shelter \[b\] medicine \[c\] food \[d\] transportation 5\. Plants and animals can also be classified as \[a\] non-living things \[b\] living things \[c\] cow \[d\] leguminous **THEORY** 1. Give four examples of a. plant b. animals 2a. Briefly explain seven characteristics of living things. b) State two uses of plants and two uses of animals. **WEEK FOUR** **TOPIC: LIVING AND NON-LIVING THING (IV)** **CONTENT** Non--living things can be divided into two groups 1\. Those that are never part of living things e.g. stone, gold, silver, diamonds, metal. 2\. Those that are part of living things e.g. coal, paper, jam, palm oil etc. **METALS** PROPERTIES OF METALS 1\. They are shiny. 2\. They can be hammered into a sheet. 3\. They can be drawn into a wire. 4\. They are good conductors of heat. 5\. They are good conductors of electricity. 6\. They make a sound when hit. Examples of metals are copper, iron, steel, tin, aluminum, etc **USES OF METALS** 1\. Iron is used in making cars, ships, Lorries, ovens, generators, poles, and corrugated iron sheets. 2\. Steel is used in making electric fans, steel roofing, pillars, refrigerators etc 3\. Copper is used in making electric wire. 4\. Aluminum is used in making electric wire and cooking pots. 5\. Steel can also be used in making household utensils. 6\. Lead is used in making cars and Lorries batteries. 7\. Zinc is used in making torch batteries covering iron sheets to prevent rusting. **EVALUATION** 1. State five examples of non-living things. 2. Mention three properties of metals. **\ NON-METALS** PROPERTIES 1\. They are not shiny. 2\. They cannot be hammered into a sheet because they are brittle. 3\. They cannot be drawn into a wire. 4\. Bad conductor of electricity. 5\. Bad conductor of heat. 6\. They do not make a sound when hit. **USES OF NON--METALS** 1\. Carbon is used in torch batteries. 2\. Sulphur is used in medicines. 3\. Oxygen is used for respiration and burning. 4\. Nitrogen is a component of protein. 5\. Chlorine is used in the treatment of water. 6\. Glass is used in making doors and windows.