Neurophysiology Part 1 - Introduction Summer 2024 PDF

Andre Azevedo, DVM, MSc Locum Professor of Veterinary Physiology [email protected]  At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Describe the subdivisions of the central nervous system Describe the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system Understan...

Andre Azevedo, DVM, MSc Locum Professor of Veterinary Physiology [email protected]  At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Describe the subdivisions of the central nervous system Describe the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system Understand the main objective of a neurological examination List the basic neurolocalizations  NOT TO TRAUMATIZE THE STUDENTS!!!  The mammalian nervous system has 2 major subdivisions: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) Brain and spinal cord armor skull vertebrae PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) Receptors, Nerves, and Ganglia (neuronal bodies outside the CNS) Connect the CNS to the limbs and organs  SENSORY NEURONS Receives and processes sensory Brings information to the CNS from information, initiates responses, receptors in peripheral tissues and organs stores memories, generates thoughts and emotions MOTOR NEURONS AFFERENT EFFERENT Carries motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems Conducts signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activities tellmuscle move to Controls skeletal muscle contractions (voluntary control) Provides information about internal organs stomache cramp (visceral receptors and sensory neurons) ache Provides autonomic regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands and adipose tissue Provides information about position, (involuntary control) touch, pressure, pain and temperature (somatic receptors and sensory neurons) Fight or Flight Rest or Digest andhavesex Afferent and Efferent sounds the SAME: Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent Hands-off: Hands-on: Level of consciousness Cranial nerves Content of consciousness Postural reactions Posture Spinal nerves Gait Nociception Main objective? localizing problem CEREBRUM CEREBELLUM BRAINSTEM C1-C5 C6-T2 T3-L3 L4-S3 PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR CAUDA EQUINA SYSTEM DIFFUSE NEUROMUSCULAR