Networking PDF

RMATIO N TEC HNOLO NFO GY I FIS0094 Computer Networking TSLee  Objectives Identify network components and their functions. Compare and distinguish different types of network architectures Compare client/server and peer-to-...

RMATIO N TEC HNOLO NFO GY I FIS0094 Computer Networking TSLee  Objectives Identify network components and their functions. Compare and distinguish different types of network architectures Compare client/server and peer-to-peer networks Discuss various types of communications lines Discuss commonly used communications devices Compare physical and wireless transmission media TSLee Computer Network TSLee Networks TSLee  Networks Architecture The configuration of computers, devices, and media on a network is sometimes called the network architecture Peer-to-peer network Client/server network TSLee  Network types Geographic Reach Local area network (LAN) connects computers and devices in a limited area Wide area network (WAN) connects devices in a large geographic region Metropolitan area network (MAN) is operated by a city or county Personal area network (PAN) connects personal digital devices within 30 feet via Bluetooth Body area network (BAN) small, lightweight biosensors implanted in the body TSLee WAN vs MAN vs LAN vs PAN WAN Country, continent MAN City LAN Room,Building, Campus (CAN) PAN Around a person BAN in the body  Types of Networks (new) Network type Description Wired network Sends signals and data through cables, which may have to travel through floors and walls to connect to other network devices. Wired networks tend to be more secure and transmit data faster than wireless networks. Wireless network A type of printer Sends signals through airwaves, and usually do not require cables. Wireless or other device that is connected networks tend to be more convenient and easier to set up than wired networks to either a wired or wireless but can be less secure. Wireless networks make it possible to connect devices network to which you have in locations where physical wiring is not possible or is difficult. access. Intranet An internal network site A private network for use by authorized individuals. Organizations use used by a group of people who intranets to communicate internally and can allow users to use a web browser work together. to access data posted on webpages. Intranets are preferable when data being transferred should not necessarily reach the Internet. Extranet Allows outsiders (such as customers, vendors, and suppliers) to access an organization’s intranet. For example, an extranet might be used if a supplier needs to check a customer’s inventory levels before deciding whether to ship additional product. Virtual private network (V P N) A private, secure path across a public network that allows authorized users secure access to a company or other network. A V P N can allow an individual to access an organization’s network by using encryption and other technologies to secure the data transmitted along the path.  Major Network Components of a Communication Process Digital communications describes the process in which two or more computers or devices transmit data, instructions, and information over digital network. Sending Transmission Intermediary Services / Receiving device media devices Protocols device TSLee  Communications Software Communications software consists of programs and apps that: Help users establish Manage the a connection to transmission of another computer, data, instructions, mobile device, or and information network Provide an interface for users to communicate with one another TSLee Network Communications Standards and Protocols @#$%^ ??? TSLee  Network Communications Standards and Protocols HTTP FTP Ethernet TCP/IP Wi-Fi Wimax Bluetooth RFID NFC LTE 5G TSLee  Network Communications Standards and Protocols Wi-Fi identifies any network based on the 802.11 standard that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other Ethernet controls how network interface cards (NICs), routers, and modems share access to cables and phone lines, as well as dictates how to transmit data. Power Over Ethernet requiring network connectivity and power to be supplied by the network LTE, 5G are the network standard that defines how high-speed cellular transmissions use broadcast radio to transmit data for mobile communications Http is the protocol used to transfer webpage data over the web. FTP is a standard Internet protocol for transmitting files between computers over the Internet. RFID is a protocol that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person  Communications Devices A communications device is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device. – End device – Intermediary device TSLee Communications Devices (End Devices) Some examples of end devices are: Computers (workstations, laptops, file servers, web servers etc.) Network printers VoIP phones TelePresence endpoint Security cameras Mobile handheld devices (such as smart phones, tablets, credit card terminal, barcode scanners etc.) TSLee  Communications Devices A network card enables a computer or device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network Available in a variety of forms TSLee  Communications Devices (Intermediary Devices) Modem (for DSL lines or Coaxial cables) translate analogue signal to digital signal Optical Network Terminal (ONT) / BTU (Broadband Terminal Unit translates the light pulses (fibre optic) into electrical signals. TSLee  Communications Devices (Intermediary Devices) The wireless modem uses the telecommunications company's network to connect wirelessly to the Internet from a computer or mobile device TSLee  Communications Devices (Intermediary Devices) A router connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network TSLee  Communications Devices (Intermediary Devices) A wireless access point (WAP) is a central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network TSLee  Communications Devices (Intermediary Devices) A hub or switch is a device that provides a central point for cables in a network TSLee  Transmission Media Transmission media carries one or more communications signals Broadband media transmit multiple signals simultaneously The amount of data, instructions, and information that can travel over transmission media is called the bandwidth Latency is the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network TSLee Transmission Media TSLee  Wired Transmission Media Twisted-Pair Cable – CAT 5/5e/6/7 Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable – Single-mode – Multi-mode TSLee Wireless Transmission Medium Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air over long distances Cellular radio is a form of broadcast radio that is in widely use for mobile communications TSLee  Wireless Transmission Medium Microwaves are radio waves that provide a high-speed signal transmission TSLee Wireless Transmission Medium A communications satellite is a space station that receives microwave signals from an earth-based station, amplifies it, and broadcasts the signal over a wide area to any number of earth-based stations TSLee Comparison of Wireless Transmission Medium TSLee  Summary Various types of Networks and network communications architectures and technologies standards and protocols Various types of Variety of physical communications transmission media devices and its and wireless functions transmission media TSLee