NEP 2020 PDF

Major Initiatives Taken Under NEP 2020 ▪ PM Schools for Rising India (SHRI): PM-SHRI scheme aims to provide high-quality education in an equitable, inclusive, and joyful school environment. o It is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in September 2022...

Major Initiatives Taken Under NEP 2020 ▪ PM Schools for Rising India (SHRI): PM-SHRI scheme aims to provide high-quality education in an equitable, inclusive, and joyful school environment. o It is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in September 2022 for upgradation and development of more than 14500 Schools across the country. o Rs. 630 crores has been allocated to upgrade schools under the PM SHRI initiative. ▪ NIPUN Bharat: The vision of National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy(NIPUN) Bharat Mission is to create an enabling environment to ensure the universal acquisition of foundational literacy and numeracy, so that every child achieves the desired learning competencies in reading, writing, and numeracy by the end of Grade 3, by 2026-27. ▪ PM e-VIDYA: The initiative aimed to promote online education and digital learning by providing various e-learning platforms like DIKSHA and offering e-books and e-contents to students across the country. ▪ NCF FS and Jadui Pitara: Launch of National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage (NCF FS) and Jadui Pitara for play-based learning teaching material tailored for children between the age group of 3 to 8 years ▪ NISHTHA: The National Initiative for School Heads' and Teachers' Holistic Advancement (NISHTHA) is a capacity-building program for teachers and school principals in India. ▪ NDEAR: National Digital Education Architecture (NDEAR), an architectural blueprint, that lays down a set of guiding principles and building blocks to enable the creation of digital technology-based applications pertaining to education.  ▪ Academic Frameworks: Introduction of National Credit Framework (NCrF) and National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF) to facilitate credit transfer and academic flexibility. ▪ Increased Investment in Education: The policy advocates for both the Central government and State Governments to allocate a combined 6% of GDP to education. o In alignment with this vision, the Ministry of Education has witnessed a budget of Rs. 1,12,899 crore in 2023-24, indicating a 13.68% increment from 2020-21. ▪ International Campuses and Partnerships: NEP 2020 supports Indian universities in establishing campuses abroad and inviting foreign institutions to operate in India. o Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) have been signed for the establishment of IIT campuses in Zanzibar and Abu Dhabi, reflecting India's global educational outreach. ▪ Educational Innovation in GIFT City: o NEP 2020's innovative approach extends to Gujarat's GIFT City, where world-class foreign universities and institutions are permitted to offer specialized courses. This move, free from domestic regulations, aims to nurture high-end human resources for financial services and technology. What are the Other Related Initiatives? ▪ World-Class Institutions Scheme: The World Class Institutions Scheme, initiated in 2017, aims to create affordable, top-notch academic and research facilities. o The scheme designates "Institutions of Eminence" (IoEs) to promote academic excellence.  o To date, 12 institutions, including eight public and four private ones, have been identified as IoEs, a testament to India's commitment to providing world-class education. ▪ Global Initiative for Academic Network (GIAN) and SPARC: GIAN focuses on tapping the expertise of scientists and entrepreneurs, including those of Indian origin, to bolster India's academic resources. o The Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC) enhances research ecosystems by fostering collaborations between Indian and foreign institutions. o These initiatives contribute to elevating research quality and promoting knowledge exchange. Transformation of Indian Education System Post-Independence 1948 – The 1st commission, University Education Commission, was set up 1952 – The Secondary Education Commission was established 1964-1966 – The Indian Education Commission was introduced 1968 – 1st National Education Policy came up 1986 – A new policy was formulated 1992 – The previous education policy was modified 2005 – The 1986 education policy was again modified 2020 – The new National Education Policy (NEP) was passed by the cabinet 2023-2024 – The New Education Policy was implemented in this academic year Salient Features o Universal Access: NEP 2020 focuses on universal access to school education, including pre-school to secondary levels. o Early Childhood Education: The 10+2 structure will shift to a 5+3+3+4 system, bringing 3-6-year-olds under school curriculum, with a focus on Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE). o Multilingualism: Mother tongue or regional language will be the medium of instruction till Grade 5, with options for Sanskrit and other languages. Indian Sign Language (ISL) will be standardized. o Inclusive Education: Special emphasis on Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs), support for children with disabilities, and establishment of "Bal Bhavans." o Elimination of Barriers: The policy promotes a seamless education system with no rigid distinctions between arts and sciences, curricular and extracurricular activities, and vocational and academic streams. o GER Enhancement: Aim to increase Gross Enrolment Ratio from 26.3% to 50% by 2035, adding 3.5 crore new seats. o Research Focus: Creation of National Research Foundation to boost research culture and capacity. o Language Preservation: Support for Indian languages, including an Institute of Translation and Interpretation (IITI) and strengthening language departments. o Internationalization: Facilitation of international collaborations and entry of top-ranked foreign universities. o Funding: Joint efforts to increase public investment in education to 6% of GDP. o PARAKH Assessment Center: The establishment of PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) as a national assessment center signifies a significant step towards competency-based and holistic assessment in education. o Gender Inclusion Fund: The policy introduces a Gender Inclusion Fund, emphasizing the importance of gender equality in education and supporting initiatives to empower disadvantaged groups. o Special Education Zones: Special Education Zones are envisioned to address the specific needs of disadvantaged regions and groups, furthering the policy's commitment to equitable access to quality education for all. Digital Initiatives in India in Education 1. National Digital Library of India (NDLI) o Year: 2016 o Objective: To make digital educational resources available to all citizens. o Other Points: Over 3 crore educational resources including books, articles, videos, and more. 2. SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) o Year: 2017 o Objective: To provide an integrated platform for online courses and bridge the digital divide for students. o Other Points: Offers courses from Class 9 to post-graduation, free access with a nominal fee for certification. 3. DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing) o Year: 2017 o Objective: To enhance the digital education infrastructure for teachers and students. o Other Points: Provides e-content for school education, teacher training modules. 4. e-Pathshala o Year: 2015 o Objective: To provide educational resources in multiple languages to students and teachers. o Other Points: Available as a mobile app, includes textbooks, audio, video, and interactive content. 5. NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning) o Year: 2003 o Objective: To provide online courses and certification in engineering, sciences, humanities, and management. o Other Points: Collaboration between IITs and IISc, extensive course library. 6. Shala Darpan o Year: 2015 o Objective: To provide mobile access to parents of students in government and government-aided schools. o Other Points: Real-time updates on student progress, attendance, and achievements. 7. Shaala Siddhi o Year: 2015 o Objective: To evaluate and improve the performance of schools across the country. o Other Points: Comprehensive framework for school self- evaluation and improvement. 8. Vidyanjali o Year: 2016 o Objective: To engage volunteers to contribute to the enhancement of the quality of education in government schools. o Other Points: Platform for community participation in school activities and mentorship. 9. e-PG Pathshala o Year: 2014 o Objective: To provide high-quality, curriculum-based, interactive content in different subjects across all disciplines. o Other Points: Focus on post-graduate courses, includes e- textbooks, video lectures, and quizzes. 10.Swayam Prabha o Year: 2017 o Objective: To telecast educational programs through 32 DTH channels. o Other Points: Round-the-clock educational content, covering diverse subjects and levels. 11.MHRD's National Repository of Open Educational Resources (NROER) o Year: 2013 o Objective: To provide free and open educational resources for all levels of education. o Other Points: Repository includes videos, audio, interactive content, and documents. 12.NMEICT (National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology) o Year: 2009 o Objective: To leverage the potential of ICT in teaching and learning processes.  o Other Points: Focus on improving access, equity, and quality of higher education through ICT. 13.PRAGYATA Guidelines on Digital Education o Year: 2020 o Objective: To promote online education and help schools with guidelines for digital education during the COVID-19 pandemic. o Other Points: Emphasis on digital literacy, cyber safety, and healthy online behavior. 14.Operation Digital Board (ODB) o Year: 2019 o Objective: To provide smart classrooms and support digital learning. o Other Points: Targeted at both schools and higher educational institutions, aims to make classrooms interactive. 15.SAMARTH o Year: 2019 o Objective: To support the digital transformation of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) through automation and technology. o Other Points: Focus on integrated university management systems, automation of processes. 16.AICTE's NEAT (National Educational Alliance for Technology) o Year: 2019 o Objective: To use Artificial Intelligence to make learning personalized and interactive. o Other Points: Collaboration with EdTech companies to bring best- in-class AI solutions. 17.DIETs (District Institutes of Education and Training) ICT Program o Year: 2012 o Objective: To integrate ICT into the curriculum of DIETs for teacher training. o Other Points: Focus on capacity building of teachers in ICT tools and pedagogy. 18.NISHTHA (National Initiative for School Heads' and Teachers' Holistic Advancement) o Year: 2019  o Objective: To build competencies among all the teachers and school principals. o Other Points: Largest teacher training program in the world, focused on holistic development. 19.IIT-PAL (IIT Professor Assisted Learning) o Year: 2017 o Objective: To help students of Classes XI and XII in Science subjects for JEE exams through DTH channels. o Other Points: Free educational content by IIT professors, accessible via TV and online. 20.e-Yantra o Year: 2012 o Objective: To create a culture of innovation and development in educational institutions by providing robotic kits to colleges. o Other Points: Hands-on learning in robotics, regular competitions and projects. 21.Virtual Labs o Year: 2009 o Objective: To provide remote access to labs in various disciplines of science and engineering. o Other Points: Simulates physical labs, allows students to perform experiments remotely. 22.NROER (National Repository of Open Educational Resources) o Year: 2013 o Objective: To store and share a wide range of educational resources. o Other Points: Repository includes documents, audio-visuals, interactive materials. 23.UGC-MOOCs o Year: 2016 o Objective: To develop online courses for higher education. o Other Points: Free courses with options for certification, in line with university curricula. 24.SWAYAM 2.0 o Year: 2019  o Objective: To enhance the quality of SWAYAM online courses and integrate them with academic credits. o Other Points: Improved user interface, integration with credit transfer system. 25.Skill India Portal o Year: 2015 o Objective: To provide skill training and development resources online. o Other Points: Wide range of vocational courses, partnership with industry leaders. 26.National Digital Education Architecture (NDEAR) o Year: 2021 o Objective: To develop a digital infrastructure for education and facilitate collaboration among stakeholders. o Other Points: Framework for diverse educational applications, focus on interoperability. 27.National Initiative for Design Innovation (NIDI) o Year: 2014 o Objective: To promote and facilitate design education and innovation across the country. o Other Points: Establishment of design innovation centers, interdisciplinary projects. 28.NISHITHA o Year: 2019 o Objective: To develop a comprehensive training program for teachers. o Other Points: Focus on new pedagogies, leadership, and school management. 29.CBSE e-Pareeksha Portal o Year: 2020 o Objective: To streamline examination-related processes and support students during the pandemic. o Other Points: Online registration, admit cards, result announcements. 30.AI for All o Year: 2021 o Objective: To introduce and educate students about artificial intelligence and its applications. o Other Points: Collaborative initiative with Intel, aimed at spreading AI literacy.  BASIS FOR MLA APA COMPARISON Meaning MLA is a formatting APA refers to a formatting style introduced by Modern style recommended in the manual Language Association which of the American Psychological is followed in the fields like Association, used in the fields of humanities and liberal arts. behavioural and social sciences. 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