School-Aged Nursing Care PDF
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Gordon College
April Joyce L. Dela Cruz
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Summary
This document discusses the nursing care of families with school-aged children. It covers different aspects of child development, including physical, emotional, cognitive, and moral stages. The content emphasizes developmental milestones and potential concerns related to this age group.
Full Transcript
# NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY WITH A SCHOOL-AGED CHILD **April Joyce L. Dela Cruz RN, MAN** **Instructor** ## SCHOOL-AGED - 6 - 12 years old ## PHYSICAL GROWTH - **10 years** - brain growth is complete - refined fine motor coordination - **IgG and IgA reaches adult levels** ## SCHOOL-AGE...
# NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY WITH A SCHOOL-AGED CHILD **April Joyce L. Dela Cruz RN, MAN** **Instructor** ## SCHOOL-AGED - 6 - 12 years old ## PHYSICAL GROWTH - **10 years** - brain growth is complete - refined fine motor coordination - **IgG and IgA reaches adult levels** ## SCHOOL-AGED - **PHYSICAL GROWTH** - **Sexual Maturation** - brain maturity - hypothalamus transmits enzyme to anterior pituitary gland = produces gonadotropic hormones = puberty - **Sexual and Physical Concerns** - **FEMALE** - hips become broader - menarche - irregular periods - **MALE** - gynecomastia may occur - nocturnal emission - ejaculation during sleep = due to increase seminal fluid production - **TRANSGENDER** - depression and anxiety is common-identity confusion ## SCHOOL-AGED DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE | AGE | GROSS MOTOR | FINE MOTOR | PLAY | LANGUAGE | |---|---|---|---|---| | 6 | Endlessly jumps, tumble, skip and hop; Walks in a straight line; Can ride a bicycle; Skip ropes | Easily ties their shoelaces; Cut and paste well; Draws a person with good detail; Can print letters; routinely reverse letters "eraser year" - focuses more on fine motor skills | Discovers reading as an enjoyable activity | Talks in full sentences; Still defines objects by their use (key is to unlock the door) | | 7 | More quiet compared to an active 6 year old | Can read regular-size type (eyes are well-developed); Writes script in addition to print | Requires more props for play; Imaginative play starts to decline; Develops interests in collecting items | Can tell time in hours; Struggles with "half past" and "quarter to"; Can name months of the year and the holidays; Can add and subtract simple numbers | | 8 | More graceful movements | | Sorting and cataloging the collected items; Becomes more involved in science projects and experiments; Prefers table games - changes rules to keep from losing | | | 9 | On-the-go constantly; "always have a deadline to meet" | Writing begins to look mature and less awkward | Plays hard (before, during and after school); Talents for music and arts becomes evident | | | 10 | More interested in perfecting their athletic skills | | Interested in playing screen games; Slumber parties and campouts become popular | | | 11 | Feels awkward because of growth spurts; Channels their energy into constant motion instead | | Interested in rules and fairness; Enjoys dancing and playing table games; Time with friends spent with talking | | | 12 | Plunges into activities with intensity and concentration; Refreshingly cooperative around the house; Shows ability to handle great responsibility; Completes given tasks | | | Carry on adult conversations; Stories are limited due to lack of experience | ## SCHOOL-AGED EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT - Developmental Task - Industry vs. Inferiority - learning how to do things WELL - finished tasks will help them achieve industry - they spend more time with their peers than at home - problem solving: encourage the child to solve issues rather than offer solutions - "Let's talk about possible ways to solve the problem." - NOT “This is how you do it.” - **Socialization** - 6 year old - plays in group, but when tired, they prefer one-to-one contact - 7 year old - increased awareness of family roles and responsibilities - promises must be kept - pinky swear - 8 year old - seeks company of other children - 9 year old - values peer group seriously - ready for activities away from home - 10-11 year old - often insecure - often attempts many uncomfortable and awkward social experiences before forming comfortable relationships - Industry vs. Inferiority - they are so focused in accomplishing tasks and forgets they must work with others to achieve their goal - they show empathy but can't relate others experiences to their own ## SCHOOL-AGED COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT - **CONCRETE OPERATIONAL THOUGH** - **Decentering** - ability to project one's self into other people's situations and see the world from another's viewpoint rather than focusing only on their own - **Accommodation** - ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived, such as understanding that there can be more than one reason for other people's actions - **Conservation** - **Class Inclusion** - ability to understand that objects can belong to more than one classification ## SCHOOL-AGED MORAL AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT - **PRECONVENTIONAL REASONING** - concentrates on "niceness" or "fairness" - rule oriented - "Why is it wrong to steal from your neighbor?" - "Because if you do, you will go to jail." ## SCHOOL-AGED HEALTH PROMOTION - **Promoting School-Aged Safety** - **Promoting Nutritional Health of a School-Aged Child** - **Establishing Healthy Eating Patterns** - let them help with meal planning - **Fostering Industry and Nutrition** - Recommended dietary intake - Vegetarian Diet - **Promoting Development of a School-Aged Child in Daily Activities** - **Dress** - care for their own belongings - **Sleep** - **Exercise** ## SCHOOL-AGED HEALTH PROMOTION - **Promoting Development of a School-Aged Child in Daily Activities** - Hygiene - Care of Teeth - **Promoting Health Family Functioning** - "Tell me about it” is more preferable to “What is it?" ## SCHOOL-AGED HEALTH PROBLEMS OF THE SCHOOL-AGED PERIOD - **Caries** - **Malocclusion** - deviation of tooth position from the normal ## CONCERNS AND PROBLEMS OF THE SCHOOL-AGED PERIOD - **ADHD and ASDs** - **Language Development** - broken fluency - r, I and w problems - **Common Fears and Anxities** - Anxiety related to beginning school - School Refusal or Phobia - Social phobia ## SCHOOL-AGED CONCERNS AND PROBLEMS OF THE SCHOOL-AGED PERIOD - **Common Fears and Anxieties** - Anxiety related to beginning school - School Refusal or Phobia - Social phobia - **Homeschooling** - **Children who spend time independently** - **Sex Education** - **Violence or Terrorism** - **Bullying** - **Recreational Drug Use**