Gastrointestinal Diseases (NCM 112)

NCM 112 - MEDICAL - SURGICAL NURSING **[GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES]** (CROHN'S DISEASE, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, APPENDICITIS, PERITONITIS, PANCREATITIS, AND CHOLECYSTITIS) 1. - - *[The GI tract includes the:]* - - - - - - - - *[What are gastrointestinal diseases?]* Gastroin...

NCM 112 - MEDICAL - SURGICAL NURSING **[GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES]** (CROHN'S DISEASE, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, APPENDICITIS, PERITONITIS, PANCREATITIS, AND CHOLECYSTITIS) 1. - - *[The GI tract includes the:]* - - - - - - - - *[What are gastrointestinal diseases?]* Gastrointestinal diseases affect the gastrointestinal. (G1) tract from the mouth to the anus. *[There are two types:]* *Functional and structural* examples include nausea, vomiting, food poisoning, lactose intolerance and diarrhea. *[Gastrointestinal (GI) illness is caused by:]* A variety of different disease-causing microbes or germs that can be acquired by consuming contaminated food or beverages contact with contaminated recreational water, infected animals or their environments or infected people. *[Intestinal problems such as: ]* - - - - - - - - - *[CROHN\'S DISEASE]* is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation of the GI tract, which extends from the stomach all the way down to the anus. While symptoms vary from patient to patient, there are some common symptoms of inflammation of the Gl tract - - - - - -  According to a 2012 study, certain factors can affect the severity of your symptoms. These include: - - - - *[Treatment for Crohn\'s disease]* A variety of treatment options exist that can lessen the severity and frequency of your symptoms *[Medications]* - - - - *[Immunomodulators]* An overactive immune system causes inflammation that leads to the symptoms. Of Crohn\'s disease. Drugs that affect the immune system, called immunomodulators. It reduces the inflammatory response and limits your immune system\'s reaction. *[Antibiotics]* - - *[Surgery]* If less invasive treatments and lifestyle changes don\'t improve your symptoms, surgery may be necessary. - - - *[Diet]* - - *[Limit dairy intake]* - Consuming dairy can lead to an upset stomach, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea for some people. *[Drink enough water]* - Crohn\'s disease may affect the body ability to absorb water from the digestive tract. \- This can lead to dehydration. The risk of dehydration is especially high if you\'re having diarrhea or bleeding *[NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES]* - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2. *[What is Ulcerative Colitis?]* An autoimmune disease producing chronic inflammation and multiple ulcers in the colon (large intestine) - - - *[SYMPTOMS]* Symptoms vary, depending on the severity of inflammation and where it occurs. Signs and symptoms may include: - - - - - - - - - - *[TYPES]* Types of ulcerative colitis include: **1. Ulcerative proctitis.** Inflammation is confined to the area closest to the anus, also called the rectum. Rectal bleeding may be the only sign of the disease. **2. Proctosigmoiditis.** Inflammation involves the rectum and sigmoid colon --- the lower end of the colon. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps and pain, and an inability to move the bowels despite the urge to do so. This is called tenesmus. **3. Left-sided colitis.** Inflammation extends from the rectum up through the sigmoid and descending portions of the colon. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping and pain on the left side, and urgency to defecate. **4. Pancolitis.** This type often affects the entire colon and causes bouts of bloody diarrhea that may be severe, abdominal cramps and pain, fatigue, and significant weight loss. *[CAUSES]* - - - - - *[RISK FACTORS]* - - - *[COMPLICATIONS]* Possible complications of ulcerative colitis include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. *[DIAGNOSTIC AND LABORATORY TESTS]* 1. 2. *[DIAGNOSTIC TEST]* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *[TREA TMENT]* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. *[SURGERY]* In most cases, this involves a procedure called ileoanal anastomosis (J-pouch) surgery. This procedure eliminates the need to wear a bag to collect stool. Your surgeon constructs a pouch from the end of your small intestine. The pouch is then attached directly to your anus, allowing you to expel waste in the usual way. This surgery may require 2 to 3 steps to complete. *[HOME REMEDIES FOR ULCERATIVE COLITIS SYMPTOMS]* - - - - - **3. APPENDICITIS** The Appendix - - - - *[What causes appendicitis?]* - - - - - *[Acute appendicitis]* - - - - - - - - Chronic appendicitis - - - *[SYMPTOMS]* - - - - - - *[OTHER SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE:]* - - - - - - *[CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS]* - - - - - - - - *[Appendicitis can affect anyone.]* *[Risk factors for appendicitis include:]* - - - *[COMPLICATIONS]* - - - - *[Peritonitis]* - - *[Symptoms of peritonitis may include:]* - - - - Treatment includes antibiotics and surgery to remove the appendix *[ABSCESSES]* - - - Drainage may occur during surgery or abscess will be drained before surgery using a needle. *[SEPSIS]* - - - - - - - *[DIAGNOSTIC TESTS]* Blood tests- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *[TREATMENT]* - - *[NURSING MANAGEMENT]* Goals include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *[PRE-OPERATIVE CARE]* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. POST-OPERATIVE NURSING CARE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. NURSING DIAGNOSIS - - - - **4. PERITONITIS** - - - *[SYMPTOMS]* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. *[CAUSES OF PERITONITIS]*\ The two main types of peritonitis: 1. *Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)* is the infection of ascitic fluid in the absence of any intro-abdominal, surgically treatable source of infection 2. *[The most common risk factors for primary spontaneous peritonitis include:]* 1. 2. ***Common causes of secondary peritonitis include:*** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. *[DIAGNOSIS OF PERITONITIS]* - - - - TREATMENTS FOR PERITONITIS 1. 2. An operation may also be needed to remove damaged peritoneal tissue. *[PREVENTION]* - - *[NURSING INTERVENTIONS]* 1\. Vital signs 2.. Administration of analgesic and anti-emetics 3\. I and O monitoring 4\. IV fluids 5\. Health teaching 6\. Pain management **PANCREAS** - - - - - - FUNCTION - 2 IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS 1\. Exocrine function - - - 2\. ENDOCRINE FUNCTION - - WHAT IS PANCREATITIS? - - - - - **5. PANCREATITIS** - TYPES OF PANCREATITIS 1\. Acute pancreatitis - - SIGNS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS - - - - - - - 2\. CHRONIC PANCREATITIS - - - - - 3. - - PANCREATIC CANCER - - - - - - CAUSES OF PANCREATITIS - - - - - - - - - - - SYMPTOMS OF PANCREATITIS - - - - - - - SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS - - - - COMPLICATIONS - - - - - - - - DIAGNOSTIC TESTS - - - - TREATMENT FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS - - - - - NURSING MANAGEMENT - - - - - **6. CHOLECYSTITIS** What is the gallbladder? - - - What is the function of the gallbladder? - - - - How does the gallbladder help other organs? - - Cholecystitis - - - - - - - - - - Who is at risk of getting cholecystitis? - - - - - - - - - - - SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES - - - - - - Chronic Cholecystitis - - - - - - - - - - - - DIAGNOSTIC TESTS - - - - - MANAGEMENT - - - - - - - - Complications - - - Nursing Management - - - - - Home Care Guidelines - - - **- RESPIRATORY DISEASES - (PNEUMONIA, TUBERCULOSIS, EBOLA VIRUS** 1. What is Pneumonia? - - Symptoms of Pneumonia - - - - - - - - - - Symptoms of Pneumonia in Children - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Who is Most at Risk of Pneumonia? - - - - - - - Types of Pneumonia 1. - - - 2. - - - 3. - - - 4. - - - 5. - - - - - - - - - Treatment - - - - - - - - - - - **2. TUBERCULOSIS** **What is tuberculosis?** - - - - - **The three stages of TB:** 1. - - - 2. - - 3. - - - **Tuberculosis Symptoms** - - - - - - **Mode of Transmission** - **Risk Factors** - - - - - - You\'re at higher risk of developing active TB if you have: - - - - - - - - **DIAGNOSTIC TEST** - - - - **MOST COMMON TB DRUGS** - - - - - - - **SIDE EFFECTS** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **NURSING DIAGNOSIS** - - - - **NURSING INTERVENTIONS** **2. Ebola Virus** - - - - - - **Symptoms of Ebola** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. **Four species of Ebola Virus** 1. 2. 3. 4. **Transmission** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Management and Treatment** - 1. a. i. ii. iii. - 1. **Nursing Diagnosis** - - - - - **Nursing Intervention** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.