NBSS Module Stress 2023-2024 PDF

Genes, Behaviour and Environment 4MBBS103 Neuroscience, Behaviour and Social Science Health and neuroscience, psychology and social science. Welcome Dr Anna Battaglia Dr Vari Wileman Dr Andy Guise NBSS Lecture series...

Genes, Behaviour and Environment 4MBBS103 Neuroscience, Behaviour and Social Science Health and neuroscience, psychology and social science. Welcome Dr Anna Battaglia Dr Vari Wileman Dr Andy Guise NBSS Lecture series Welcome to NBSS Neuroscience Behaviour Social science Pain: an integrated approach from neuroscience, to psychology and social science Symposium NBSS Lecture series Welcome to NBSS Stress: perspectives from neuroscience, psychology and social sciences Neuroscience Behaviour Social Science Pain: an integrated approach from neuroscience, to psychology and social science Symposium  Welcome to NBSS Stress: perspectives from neuroscience, psychology and social sciences Agenda Definition of stress Perspectives from Neuroscience, Psychology, Social science Module lecture content Assessment  What is stress? Stress can be defined as any type of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain. Stress is your body's response to anything that requires attention or action. Everyone experiences stress to some degree. The way you respond to stress, however, makes a big difference to your overall well-being. World Health Organisation 2021  Impact of stress Short term stress can be positive, for example, approaching exam challenges Long term stress linked with adverse outcomes such as depression, burnout, physical illnesses. A YouGov survey (2015) revealed 29% of employees feel stressed, 24% anxious and 17% depressed 70 million work days are lost to mental health problems costing employers 2.4 billion a year (Mental Health Foundation, 2016) Neuroscien ce Stress leads to a biological response in the body. Sympathetic Nervous System and Hypothalamic- Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activation. The autonomic nervous system (ANS), comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, and the HPA axis are highly coordinated and physically interconnected  ANS Stressed and anxious SYMPATHETIC (heart rate increased) Noradrenaline in Calm and relaxed neuron terminals PARASYMPATHETIC heart Noradrenaline (heart rate falls) in the blood heart muscle Terminal of cholinergic neuron heart muscle acetylcholine Psychology Psychology perspective Stress occurs when demands are appraised as exceeding a person’s resources to cope. Stressors and Stress responses Stressors are external or internal events that trigger stress responses. Stressors can also vary in terms of duration and type: acute, chronic, traumatic Stress responses: cognitive, affective, behavioural and physiological Psychology perspective Coping styles Emotion-focused: concentrates on reducing distress Problem-focused: concentrates on dealing with the problem Alternative model that is useful for healthcare practice Approach coping – proactive strategies Thinking about Avoidant coping – avoids the problem / denial supporting patients with their health – which coping style would be more effective? Psychology perspective Managing stress - reduce arousal to stressor and enhance coping styles Thoughts Physical e.g. mindfulness, relaxation exercises Psychological e.g. psychoeducation, Cognitive Behaviour therapy (CBT) Physiological Emotions Evidence for CBT moderate effect sizes across different settings For people with cardiovascular disease effective on psychological outcomes (e.g. improving mood) but effects on physiological outcomes/mortality is mixed (Cochrane Review 2014) Behaviour Social science  Race, discrimination and health Williams, D. R., J. A. Lawrence, B. A. Davis and C. Vu (2019). https://www.nhsrho.org/publications/ethnic-ineq "Understanding how discrimination can affect health." Health ualities-in-healthcare-a-rapid-evidence-review/ Services Research 54(S2): 1374-1388. - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1475-6773.13222 The biopsychosocial model of health and stress Copyright Allyn and Bacon, 2008 NBSS Lecture series Welcome to NBSS Stress: perspectives from neuroscience, psychology and social science Neuroscience Behaviour Social Science Pain: an integrated approach from neuroscience, to psychology and social science Symposium  Neuroscience Behaviour Social science Cellular Structure of the Nervous System Organisation of the Nervous System Science of behaviour The Science of Society Ascending & descending pathways Human cognition The social determinants of health Blood-CNS Barriers: Homeostasis and regulation of the Health related behaviours, beliefs and Stigma and discrimination and health CNS extracellular fluid environment attitudes The doctor and the patient in social Neuroanatomy brain in cranium practical + blood supply Health behaviour change context Spinal Cord and Reflexes Symptom perception Society and how we think about health Somatosensory Systems Psychological frameworks for understanding illness related Introduction to neural networks behaviours Neuroanatomy Brainstem and Sub-cortical areas: basal Adherence to treatment in healthcare ganglia, thalamus and internal capsule Psychology of child development and Main sensory organs and their function ageing Biology of Stress Introduction to mental health