Navy-specialised-subject-sd-swpdf-ncc-cadet-handbook.pdf

1 NCC CADET HANDBOOK NAVY SPECIALISED SUBJECT SD/ SW  2 INDEX CHAPTER-I Period Pg No. NAVAL ORIENTATION Section - 1 History of the Indi...

1 NCC CADET HANDBOOK NAVY SPECIALISED SUBJECT SD/ SW  2 INDEX CHAPTER-I Period Pg No. NAVAL ORIENTATION Section - 1 History of the Indian Navy 2 4-6 Section - 2 Organisation of Navy - NHQ, Commands, Ships & 2 7 - 13 Shore Establishment Section - 3 Types of Warships and their roles 2 14 - 17 Section - 4 Organisation of Ships 2 18 - 20 Section - 5 Organisation of Army & Air Force 1 21 - 24 Section - 6 Naval Customs and Traditions 1 25 - 27 Section - 7 Ranks of Officers and Sailors, Equivalent Ranks 1 28 - 30 Section - 8 Mode of entry into Indian Navy 1 31 - 43 Section - 9 Branches of the Navy and their functions 1 44 - 46 Section - 10 Role of IN INDO PAK war – 1971 & Kargil War 2 47 - 51 Section - 11 Naval Campaign (Pearl Harbour, Falkland war, Battle of 1 52 - 56 Atlantic/ Fleet PFR, IFR CHAPTER-II NAVAL WARFARE AND ITS COMPONENTS (NW) Section - 1 Introduction to Anti-Submarine Warfare & Fleet 2 58 - 63 Operation Section - 2 Role of Aviation – Naval Aircrafts & Helicopters 2 64 - 65 Section - 3 Types of Submarine and its role ASW Weapon & sensor 1 66 - 71 Section - 4 Elementary knowledge of Gunnery & Missile 2 72 - 79 CHAPTER-III NAVAL COMMUNICATION Section - 1 Introduction to Naval Modern Communication 2 81 - 83 Section - 2 Semaphore 3 84 - 86 Section - 3 Phonetic Alphabets 1 87 - 88 Section - 4 Radio Telephony Procedure 1 89 - 90 Section - 5 Wearing National Flag, Ensign and Admiral‘s Flag 1 91 - 93 CHAPTER-IV NAVIGATION Section - 1 Navigation of ship – Basic Requirements 2 95 - 97 Section - 2 Types of Compass 1 98 - 100 Section - 3 Chart Work 1 101 - 104 Section - 4 Electronic aids for navigation 2 105 - 107 Section - 5 Tides 1 108 - 110 Section - 6 Clouds 1 111 - 112 Section - 7 Introduction to astronomy 1 113 - 114 CHAPTER-V SEAMANSHIP Section - 1 Anchorwork – Parts of anchor and cable 1 116 - 117 Section - 2 Anchorwork - Purpose of anchor and holding ground 1 118 - 119 Section - 3 Rigging – Types of ropes 1 120 - 122 Section - 4 Rigging – Bends and Hitches 1 123 - 124 Section - 5 Rigging – Introduction to Shackles 1 125 - 127 Section - 6 Boatwork – Parts of Boat 1 128 - 129 Section - 7 Boatwork – Boat Pulling Instruction 1 130 - 132  3 Section - 8 Boatwork - Steering of Boat 2 133 - 133 Section - 9 Boatwork – Rigging of sails in boats 2 134 - 135 Section -10 Boatwork – Enterprise class boat, Elementary Sailing 2 136 - 138 Section - 11 Boatwork – Whaler Sailing Instructions 1 139 - 139 Section - 12 Boatwork – Power Boats 1 140 - 142 CHAPTER-VI FIRE FIGHTING FLOODING & DAMAGE CONTROL Section - 1 Types of Fire, Extinguishers, Fire Fighting 2 144 - 152 Section - 2 Causes of damage, flooding and damage control 2 153 - 155 CHAPTER – VII SHIP AND BOAT MODELLING Section - 1 Principal of Ship Modeling 1 157 - 160 Section - 2 Maintenance and Care of Tools 1 161 - 163 Section - 3 Types of Models 1 164 - 165 Section - 4 Calculation of sail area of a model 2 166 - 168 Section - 5 Introduction to ship model competition 1 169 - 171 Section - 6 Care and handling of power tools used 1 172 - 173 Section - 7 Repairing and stabilizing of Ship Models 1 174 - 177 Section - 8 Handling and operation of remote control models 2 178 - 179 Section - 9 Practical Training 9 180 - 180 CHAPTER – VIII SEARCH AND RESCUE Section - 1 SAR organization in the Indian Ocean 1 182 - 183 Section - 2 Role of Indian Coast Guard 1 184 - 186 CHAPTER – IX SWIMMING Section - 1 Swimming – Floating and Breathing techniques 3 188 - 191 Section - 2 Swimming – Floatation for 3 Mins and Swimming for 50 6 192 - 192 Mtr  4 CHAPTER - I NAVAL ORIENTATION  5 SECTION-1(SD/SW) HISTORY OF THE INDIAN NAVY Period - 02 Type - LEC Term - 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Training Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 min (b) Early History/ Goa Operations - 10 min (c) Indo Pak War / Post war till date - 20 min (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. On 26 January 1950 when India became a Republic , the Royal Indian Navy was re-designated and the new Indian Naval Ensign (Naval Flag)was adopted on this date. The Indian National flag had earlier taken the place of Union Jack on 15th Aug 1947. Soon after independence the first cruiser INS Delhi and 03 ‗R‘ class destroyers Rajput, Ranjit & Rana joined the Indian Navy. In late 50‘s the second cruiser INS Mysore & 02 Frigate INS Trishul & Talwar were acquired, this was followed by the acquisitions of the anti Submarine Frigates INS Khukri, Kuthar, Kirpan & Anti Air Craft Frigates Brahmaputra, Beas & Betwa. With the joining of these ships the Indian Naval  6 Flotilla was constituted into a Fleet. The Air Craft carrier INS Vikrant was commissioned in February 61. This added an Integral Air Defence & strike capability to our Fleet. 4. Goa Operation. Indian Naval Ships were deployed for action for the first time in the liberation of Goa in Dec 1961. In the encounter that took place off Goa. Portuguese warship Albuquerque was disabled, after which the Indian Navy established its command of the Sea off Goa and was able to enforce a blockade of this port there by denying the Portuguese of any further assistance from the Sea. 5. In the mid 60‘s the only addition to the Indian Navy was an oil tanker acquired from West Germany. With the addition of this oil tanker the range of the Fleet increased as also its capacity and endurance at Sea. 6. Indo- Pak War. With the change in the Geo political situation in the Indian Ocean there was a need for faster and more sophisticated ships to meet the maritime defence needs of the Indian Navy. The result was the acquisition of ships, missile boats and submarines in the late 60‘s and early 70‘s with systematic and sustained growth, proper training and courage and initiative in battle, it was possible for the Indian Navy to give a good account of itself both in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea in the 1971 conflict with Pakistan for the liberations of Bangladesh. 7. Post 1971. After the 1971 war, the Navy has been acquiring more ships and Aircraft to enable to discharge its responsibility effectively. It acquired an Aircraft Carrier from Britain which was christened as INS Viraat and two more ‗R‘ class ships Ranvir & Ranvijay. The Indian Navy has also became self sufficient in building of frigate of Leander Class and Godavari Classes, Corvette of Khukri Class, Missile boats of Nishank Class, Submarine of Shalki class which were built indigenously and Helicopters of ‗Chetak‘ class. We have increased our warship building capabilities phenomenally, the recent production of Destroyers INS Delhi, Mumbai & Mysore proves this. The Indian Navy recently commissioned the latest of Delhi class Destroyers INS Mysore which was built indigenously in the Mazagaon Dock in Mumbai. The Navy also acquired sophisticated vertical/ short take off and landing(VSTOL)‘Sea Harrier‘ Aircraft from Britain which can take off from a small deck of ships and maritime reconnaissance and anti submarine role Aircraft TU142 from Russia which increased the capacity of our Navy by leaps and bounds making it a world class Navy.  7 8. Present Status. Modernisation is a constant process. Indian Navy is in the process of acquiring Air Craft Carrier from Russia, Admiral Gorshkhav named INS Vikramaditya along with MIG 29K. It also acquired an USA LPD, INS Jalashwa. It has indigenously built stealth Frigates in its service. 9. Post -Indo Pak war 1971, Navy has been engaged in various operations like Pawan, Cactus, TASHA, etc. besides providing humanitarian assistance during Tsunami etc. During Kargil war, though no naval action took place, Navy embarked upon OP Talwar and brought all its force to bear upon Arabian Sea prompting Pakistan to desist from further misadventure. Presently it is active in Anti-Piracy ops off Somalia as part of UN ops. 10. Conclusion. Indian Navy has come a long way since our Independence. Starting with a small number of ships at the time of Independence, it has grown over the years both in terms of number and quality of platforms in order to become a three dimensional Navy. It has acquired itself with glory whenever called up to meet national interest both during war and peace. Note. The lecture needs to be supplemented by pictures/ movies clips for better assimilation by cadets.  8 SECTION- 2 (SD/SW) ORGANISATION OF NAVY - NHQ, COMMANDS, SHIPS & ESTABLISHMENTS Period - 02 Type - LEC Term - 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Training Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 Min (b) Organisation of NHQ, Command - 15 Min (c) Ships &Shore establishments - 15 Min (d) Conclusion - 05 Min ------------- 40 Min ------------- 3. Introduction. The Indian Navy is organized to meet its charter of duties as an important component of the Armed Forces of our country. The aim of the organization is for effective administrative control and functional operational efficiency from apex HQ to unit level.  9 4. ORGANISATION OF NHQ /IHQ MOD (NAVY) CNS VCNS DCNS COP COM WNC ENC SNC CINCAN (Training Command) (Unified Command) 5. The NHQ stands for Naval Head Quarters. It is located at New Delhi and is over all responsible for smooth functioning of the Navy. The Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) controls the functioning of the Navy from NHQ and is assisted by his Principal Staff Officer (PSO‘s). The CNS is assisted by four PSO‘s namely VCNS, DCNS, COP and COM. (a) Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS). The VCNS is the head of the staff Branch - I. He is responsible for planning programming and all administrative services. He co-ordinates the NHQ and officiates as CNS in his absence. (b) Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (DCNS). The DCNS is the head of staff Branch – II. He is responsible for Operation, Intelligence, Communications, Submarine and Naval Aviation. (c) Chief of Personnel (COP). The COP controls the manning requirement of the Navy. He is responsible for recruitment, training, welfare and discipline of naval personnel. (d) Chief of Material (COM). The Chief of Material is responsible for providing maintenance and assistance to the ship‘s of the Indian Navy. He is also responsible for design, construction and maintenance of ship‘s and craft including Engineering, Electrical and Weapon aspects.  10 6. Commands. The Indian Navy is divided into four commands for administrative and operational purpose. Typical Organization of a Command is:- C-in-C CSO (OPS) CSO(TRG) CSO (TECH) CSO(P&A) SL. COMMAND HEADED HQ Remarks NO 1 Western Naval FOCINC(W) Mumbai 1. Commanded by a Vice Command (WNC) Admiral designated as the FOC- in-C West. 2. It is an operational command and is responsible for naval operation on the western coast of India. 2. Eastern Naval FOCINC(E) Visakhapatnam 1. Commanded by a Vice Command (ENC) Admiral designated as the FOC- in-C East. 2. It is an operational command and is responsible for naval operation on the Eastern coast of India 3 Southern Naval FOCINC Kochi 1. Commanded by a Vice Command(SNC) (South) Admiral designated as the FOC- in-C West. 2. It is a training command and all training  11 establishments come under this command. 4 Unified Command A & N Is Port Blair 1. Commanded by a Vice Admiral designated as the CINCAN 2. This has the operational control of all Army, Navy, Airforce and Coast Guard components under respective component Commander. ACC, NAVCC, AFCC, CGCC. 7. Fleets. Fleet is a group of various types of warships and aircraft organized in a unit to fight a war. The IN has two Fleets:- (a) Western Fleet. It is based at Mumbai and commanded by a Rear Admiral designated as the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet (FOCWF) (b) Eastern Fleet. It is based at Visakhapatnam and commanded by a Rear Admiral designated as the Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF). 8. Flotilla. Flotilla is a group of small vessels. The IN has many small warships. These warships are organized in groups called Local Flotilla. These local Flotillas are generally placed under the Command of NOIC (Naval Officer –in - Charge) who is area Commander of a small area. The Biggest Local Flotilla is based in Bombay under the command of Flag Officer Maharashtra Area & Gujarat (FOMAG). 9. Shore Establishments. Shore Establishments function under the Administrative Authority(C-in-C) serve the following function:- (a) Training officers and sailors. (b) Providing logistic support, berthing and allied harbour facilities to ships, such as playgrounds, recreation facilities etc.  12 10. The location and main function of the establishments of the Indian Navy are given below:- Ser NAME PURPOSE/FUNCTION (a) New Delhi INS India Administrative establishment of Naval Headquarters (b) Mumbai INS Angre Administrative establishment of Western Naval Command INS Agnibahu Administrative establishment for Local Flotilla(Small Ships) INS Kunjali Provost establishment, Naval Detention Quarter(Naval Jail), School for Naval Musicians INS Shikra Naval Air Station INS Trata Naval Missile Battery, INS Vajrabahu Submarine Base INHS Asvini Naval Hospital and school for Medical Assistance INS Abhimanyu Marine Commando School INS Tunir Missile storage, assembling and servicing base INS Hamla School for Logistics branch INS Abhimanyu II Marine Commando school (c) Lonavala INS Shivaji Marine Engineering School, Naval Engineering College and NBCD School INHS Kasturi Naval Hospital (d) Jamnagar INS Valsura Training School for Electrical Branch (e) Goa INS Mandovi College of Naval Warfare INS Gomantak Support base for ships and establishments, Hydrographical School INS Hansa Naval Air Station INHS Jeevanti Naval Hospital (f) Kochi INS Vendurthuy Naval base Semanship School, Communication School, ND  13 School, PT School, ASW School, NIETT School, Diving School. INS Dronacharya Gunnery School, Naval Coast Battery INS Garuda Naval Air Station, INHS Sanjivani Naval Hospital (g) Visakhapatnam INS Circars Administrative establishment of Eastern Naval Command INS Virbahu Submarine base INS Satavahana Submarine Training School INS Kalinga Missile storage and servicing INS Kalyani Naval Hospital INS Dega Naval Air Station INS Eksila Marine Gas turbine Overhauling Centre (h) Port Blair INS Jarawa Support base INS Utkrosh Naval Air Station INHS Dhanvantri Naval Hospital INS Kardip Naval base in Kardip (i) Chennai INS Adyar Naval base INS Rajali Naval Air Station(Arakonam) (j) Kolkata INS Netaji Subash Naval Base (k) Chilka INS Chilka Sailors Basic Training School INHS Nivarini Naval Hospital (l) Coimbatore INS Agrani Leadership and Management course for sailors. (m) Dwaraka INS Dwarka Administrative support to vessels on forward Area Deployment (n) Tirunelveli(IN)  14 INS Kattabomman Low Frequency transmission centre (o) Karwar INS Kadamba Supporting Base INHS Pattanjali Naval Hospital (p) Ezhimala INA Zamorin Naval Base & Indian Naval Academy INHS Navjivni Naval Hospital 11. Conclusion. At HQ, Command and Fleet level, the organization of Navy is aimed at providing efficient administrative and logistics support to meet the operational need of its fighting units like Ships, Air crafts & Submarines.  15 SECTION- 3 (SD/SW) TYPES OF WARSHIPS AND THEIR ROLE Period - 02 Type - LEC Term - 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Training Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 min - (b) Types of Warships - 15 min (c) Role of Ships - 15 min (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. Ships are designed for specific role. Indian Navy has various class and types of Ships, Submarines and aircraft for deployment to meet requirements of the nation. Ships can be classified into types and classes. (a) Types of Ships. Ship can be classified under a type based on the role and the purpose for which she has been built. For example an Aircraft carrier is built to operate aircrafts and submarines are built to operate under water.  16 (b) Class of Ships. Ships of the same type can be grouped into classes based on their design and built i.e. similar ships built on same design belong to a particular class. 4. Type Class Names AirCraft Carrier British Hermes Viraat Class Destroyers 1) Rajput Class Rajput, Rana, Ranjit, Ranvir, Ranvijay 2) Delhi Class Delhi, Mysore, Mumbai 3) Brahmaputra Brahmaputra,Beas,Betwa Class Frigates Godavari Class Godavari, Ganga, Gomati Leander Class Taragiri Talwar Class Talwar, Trishul, Tabar Corvettes Khukri Class Khukri, Kuthar, Kirpan, Khanjar, Kora, Kulish Missle Boats Veer Class Veer, Nirbhik, Nipat, Nishank, Nirghat, Vipul, Vinash, Vibhuti, Nashak, Abhay Class Ajay, Abhay, Akshay, Agray Patrol Vessels Sukanya class Sukanya, Suvarna, Sarada, Sujata, Subhadra, Savitri, Saryu Mine Sweepers Karwar Class Karwar, Kozhikode, Canannore, Konkan, Cuddalore, Kakinada LST(L) Magar Class Magar, Gharial LST(M) Ghorpad Class Ghorpad, Shardul, Sharabh LCU LCU L-32 to LCU L-39 Tankers Jyoti, Shakti, Deepak Ocean going Tug Matanga class Matanga Survey ships Sandhayak class Sandhayak, Nirdeshak, Nirupak, Investigator, Jamuna, Sutlej, Sarvekshak Submarines Foxtrot class Vagli, Vaghsheer,Vagir, Vela, Karanj,  17 Kursura, Kalvari(All decommissioned) Kilo class Sindhughosh, Sindhuvir, Sindhurakshak, Sindhuraj, Sindhudhvaj, Shindhukeshri, Sindhukiriti, Sindhuvijay, Sindhuratna, Sindhushastra Shishumar class Shishumar, Sankush, Shalki, Shankul Cadet Training Tir Class Tir Ship Diving Support Nireekshak Vessel Missile Tender 22 KS Nipat, Nirbhik, Nishank, Nirgnat, Vipul, Vinash, Vibhuti, Vidyut, Prahar, Nashak, Veer Fast Attack Craft T 80, T 81, Trinkat, Tillanchang, Tarasa Oceanographic Sagardhwani Research Vessel Sail Training Ship Tarangini 5. Role. (a) Aircraft Carrier. It is a floating air field. It can operate aircraft and helicopters. (b) Destroyers. These ships are lighter than cruisers and they are also general purpose fighting ships. They carry Surface to Surface Missile (SSM), Surface to Air Missile (SAM), gun, rocket launchers, torpedoes and ASW helicopters. (c) Frigates. Frigates are smaller than Destroyers. These are basically escort ships, and are equipped with guns, missiles, torpedoes etc. They are classified as Anti Aircraft Frigate, Anti Submarine Frigate, Multipurpose Frigate etc based on their function and equipment carried onboard.  18 (d) Cruisers. They are ships of surface action. They carry heavy guns, long range missiles, antisubmarine weapons, helicopters etc,. Presently there are no cruiser in the Indian Navy. (e) Corvettes. These ships are lighter than frigates and they are fitted either with antiaircraft weapons or with antisubmarine weapon. These ships have limited endurance. (f) Patrol Vessels. These are lighter vessels for patrolling coastal areas, oil field etc. (g) Mine Sweepers. These ships are fitted with special equipment to detect and sweep mines and keep the sea lanes open by clearing mines laid by enemy. (h) LSTs (Landing Ship Tank). These ships are specially constructed so that they can beach on shore and off load tanks, troops and other vehicles directly on to the beach. (j) LCU (Landing Craft Utility). These are smaller landing ships which can beach but cannot carry tanks; they are used to land trucks, jeeps and other utility items. These are small compared to LSTs. (k) Tankers. These ships can store fuel and fresh water and supply it to the fleet at sea by a method know as Replenishment at Sea(RAS), there by increasing the endurance of the ships. (l) Submarines. These vessels can operate under water, i.e. they can navigate and fire their torpedoes in a dived state. (m) Survey Ships. They carry out geographical survey of sea and coastal areas and prepare charts for navigation. 6. Conclusion. Indian Navy, in order to fulfill its charter of duties has various types of ships. Each class of Ship has a different role to play during peace and war. This gives flexibility to command for deploying them depending upon kind of mission and threat.  19 SECTION - 4 (SD/SW) ONBOARD ORGANISATION OF SHIPS Period - 2 Type - LEC Term - II ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Training Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 min (b) Organisation of a typical Ship - 10 min (c) Watch Systems & Stations - 15 min (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. Every Warship has schemes of complements which show the number of Officers and men required to man her under various condition of war and peace. Officers and men are divided into departments according to their specialization and these in turn form divisions or may be further divided into two or more sub-divisions, according to the number borne. 4. Department. A chart of the departmental organization of a Destroyer along with the specialists borne in each department is given below:-  20 CAPTAIN Cdr (E) Cdr(L) CDR CDR(Log) PMO Met Offr Snr Engr DLO (EXO) ALOGO(Pay) MO ALO(P) First Lt ALOGO (Vict) Dental Offr. ALO(R) Gunnery Officer ALOGO (Cloth) Navigating Officer Anti Submarine Warfare Officer Signal Communication Officer Regulating Officer NBCDO Shipwright Officer Diving Officer 5. Watch System. The seaman complement on a ship is normally large. It is divided into Foxle, Midship and Quarter Deck division. In war, depending on the threat the whole or a portion of the ships armament must be ready for instant action, to make this possible the ships company is divided into watches. The systems of watches on a naval ship are given below:- (a) Two Watches. In this system the men are equally divided into the two watches that are Starboard and Port. (b) Three Watches. In this system men are divided in three watches Red, White and Blue. (c) Four Watches. In this system men are divided in four watches that are Port I, Port II, Starboard I, Starboard II. 6. Stations & Routines. The ships company is closed up in various stations to meet various requirements and routine is so run onboard a ship to balance operational requirement and adequate rest to the crew. (a) Cruising Station  21 (b) Defence Station (c) Action Station (d) Sea & Action (e) SSD & Cable Party (f) Clear Lower Deck 7. Conclusion. A ship is a cohesive unit and is organised in such a way that it runs efficiently both administratively and operationally.  22 SECTION -5 (SD/SW) ORGANISATION OF ARMY & AIR FORCE Period - 1 Type - LEC Term - 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Training Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 min (b) Organisation of Army - 15 min (c) Organisation of Air Force - 15 min (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. Indian Army is the second largest army in the world. Such a large Army needs to be managed efficiently not only in times of war but also in peace. The Army is organized in Combat Arms, which does the fighting, Combat Support Arms and the Services.  23 4. ORGANISATION OF INDIAN ARMY. COAS VCOAS DCOAS DCOAS AG MS QMG MGO E-in-C (IS&T) (P&S) (a) COAS - Chief of Army Staff (IS&T) (b) VCOAS - Vice Chief of Army Staff (c) DCOAS (IS&T) - Deputy Chief of Army Staff (d) DCOAS (P&S) - Deputy Chief of Army Staff (e) AG - Accountant General (f) MS - Military secretary (g) QMG - Quarter Master General (h) MGO - Master General Ordnance (I) E-in-C - Engineer in Command 5. Commands. (a) Northern Command - Udhampur (b) Western Command - Chandigarh (c) Central Command - Lucknow (d) Eastern Command - Kolkata (e) Southern Command - Pune  24 (f) Southern West Command - Jaipur (g) ARTRAC - Shimla 6. Branches of Indian Army are as follows:- (a) Arms. (i) Armoured Corps (ii) Artillery (iii) Army Air Defence (iv) Army Aviation (v) Engineers (vi) Corps of Signals (vii) Mech Infantry (viii) Infantry – Various Regiments (b) Services. (i) Army Supply Corps (ii) Army Ordnance Corps (iii) Corps of EME (iv) Remount and Veterinary Corps (v) Army Education Corps (vi) Corps of Military Police (vii) Army Medical Corps (viii) Army Dental Corps (ix) Pioneer Corps (x) Army Postal Service (xi) Territorial Army (xii) Defence Security Corps  25 7. ORGANISATION OF INDIAN AIR FORCE 8. COMMANDS OF INDIAN AIR FORCE Commands of Indian Air Force are as follows:- (i) Western Air Command - Chandigarh (ii) Eastern Air Command - Shillong (iii) Central Air Command - Delhi (iv) South Western Air Command - Jodhpur (v) Southern Air Command - Pune (vi) Maintenance Command - Bangalore 9. Conclusion. The Indian Army and Indian Air Force are the other two Arms of the Indian Armed Forces and work closely during Operations with the Indian Navy.  26 SECTION -6 (SD/SW) NAVAL CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS Period - 1 Type - LEC Term - 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Training Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 min (b) Naval Customs - 15 min (c) Traditions - 15 min (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. The tradition and customs of Indian Navy are expression of respect, Courtesy, rejoicing and have developed as part of a sea faring profession with international echo. Some of these are given in succeeding paras. 4. Commissioning Pennant. This pennant is hoisted on the main mast on the day of Commissioning of the ship and is not struck down till the ship is decommissioned. 5. Colours. This is a general term describing the ‗National Flag‘ and the ―Naval Ensign‘ flown on ship between colours (0800 hrs) to sunset in harbour only. 6. Illuminating Ship. Ships are illuminated by flood lights or illuminating circuits on special occasions/ ceremony of festivity as and when ordered by Naval Headquarters/ Administrative Authorities.  27 7. Crossing the line Ceremony. Whenever Indian Naval Ships cross the Equator, this ceremony is observed. The ship goes out of routine and all officers and sailors join the Ceremony. 8. Piping the Side. Except for foreign Naval Officers, for whom the side is piped for all times, the side is only piped to the following persons, and only between the times of colours and sunset. (a) The President and Heads of States. (b) All the Flag Officers in Uniform. (c) All Commanding officers of commissioned Ships and Establishments. (d) The president or a member of a court martial proceeding to or returning from the court. (e) The officer of the guard when flying a pendant. (f) A body when being brought onboard or sent out of a ship. 9. Salutes between Warships. When a warship passes another in harbor/ sea they exchange salutes. It may include parading of guard and band or by sounding the alert on the bugle or piping the still. At sea, salutes are exchanged by pipe only. 10. Sunset. This is a ceremony where, the national Flag and the naval ensign is lowered during Sunset. 11. Dressing Ship. The Ship is dressed overall on special occasion like as Independence day, Republic day, National Maritime Day and Navy Day. 12. OOG. When a ship visits a foreign port, an officer of the executive branch is detailed as officer of the Guard. 13. Man and Cheer Ship. The Ships Company man the ship standing on the catwalks from foxle to Quarter deck facing towards the Ship which boards the dignitary. 14. Ringing in the New Year. During the midnight 0001 hrs on 01 Jan every year, the ships bell at gangway is rang eight times to mark the New Year.  28 15. Reception of Officers. The officers are received on different ceremonial occasions in the Navy as a tradition. 16. Launching Ceremony. This ceremony is conducted whenever the keel of a ship is launched for construction at shipyards. 17. Entering/ Leaving a Boat. All officers when getting into or leaving a boat are saluted by the coxswain. Officers enter a boat seniority wise , the senior most enters last and leaves first. 18. Boat Hailing. The coxswain of the boat while passing the warship or the boat carrying flag officers give the proper mark of respect after asking the identification being carried by saying boat hails. 19. Gun Salutes. Gun salutes are fired as National salute and in harbour for VIPs such as President, Flag Officers, Governors, and Ambassadors etc. The following are the personnel who are entitled to gun salutes. (a) President 21 gun Salutes (b) Admiral 17 gun Salutes (c) Vice Admiral 15 gun Salutes (d) Rear Admiral 13 gun Salutes (e) Commodore 11 gun Salutes (f) Captain 7 gun Salutes 20. Conclusion. The customs and traditions of Indian Navy bind the community strongly. Besides being blended into everyday routine, the ceremonies involved are observed with precision and give indication of professional perfection and pride of the white uniform.  29 SECTION – 7 (SD/SW) RANKS OF OFFICERS AND SAILORS, EQUIVALENT RANKS IN THE THREE SERVICES Period - 1 Type - LEC Term - 1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Training Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 min (b) Officers - 15 min (c) Sailors - 15 min (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. Every person in the Armed Forces is given a rank to denote his position and is recognized by it. It is the ‗rank‘ which groups, the service personnel as Officers, Senior and Junior sailors. The word ‗promotion‘ indicates a person moving up to a higher rank.  30 4. Officer. The rank Structure of Officer of IN and equivalent ranks in other services in descending order are as given below:- NAVY ARMY AIRFORCE Admiral of the Fleet Field Marshal Marshal of the Air Force Admiral General Air Chief Marshal Vice Admiral Lt General Air Marshal Rear Admiral Major General Air Vice Marshal Commodore Brigadier Air Commodore Captain Colonel Group Captain Commander Lt Colonel Wing Commander Lt Commander Major Squadron Leader Lieutenant Captain Flight Lieutenant Sub Lieutenant Lieutenant Flying Officer Midshipman _ _ Cadet Gentleman Cadet Flight Cadet Note. The Officers of the rank of Commander and above are called ‗Senior Officer‘ and the Officer of the rank of Rear Admiral and above are called ‗Flag Officer‘. 5. Sailors. Rank structure of sailors of Seaman Branch of IN and equivalent rank of other services in descending order is as follows:- NAVY ARMY AIRFORCE MCPO I Sub Major Master Warrant Officer MCPO II Subedar Warrant Officer Chief Petty Officer Naib Subedar Junior Warrant Officer Petty Officer Havaldar Sergeant Leading Seaman Naik Corporal Sea I Lance Naik Leading Airman  31 Sea II Sepoy Airman Note. The Sailors of the rank of Petty Officer and above are called ‗Senior Sailors‘ and those of the rank of Leading and below are called ‗Junior Sailors‘. 6. Conclusion. The rank structure in the Armed Forces denotes the responsibility and status of an officer or sailor. The hierarchical structure of Armed Forces facilitates its ease of discharging duty in a smooth manner.  32 SECTION -8(SD/SW) MODE OF ENTRY INTO INDIAN NAVY Period - 1 Type - LEC Term - 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Training Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 min (b) Officers Entry - 15 min (c) Sailors Entry - 15 min (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. Like other Armed Forces of the Nations, Indian Navy is a volunteer force. This lecture gives a detail view of how to join Indian Navy as an Officer or Sailor. ENTRY AS OFFICER IN THE INDIAN NAVY 4. EXECUTIVE BRANCH (a) (Permanent Commission) MEN AGE SL BRANCH/TYPE OF EDUCATIONAL /WOME LIMIT No ENTRY QUALIFICATION N (YEARS) Cadet Entry (NDA) 10+2 or equivalent with (i) Men 16 1/2 -19 (UPSC) Physics & Math  33 Cadet Entry (10+2) 10+2 or equivalent with (ii) Men 16 1/2 -19 B.Tech(INA) (UPSC) Physics & Math Graduate Special Entry, B.Sc. (Physics & Maths) (iiii) Men 19 -22 Scheme ,CDSE (UPSC) or BE B.Sc. (Physics & Maths) NCC Special Entry (iv) Men 19 -24 or BE with Naval Naval Academy wing.NCC ‗C‘ Certificate Degree in Electronics/ Direct Entry Naval Elect/ Mech Engg. Or (v) Armament Inspection Men 191/2 -25 post Graduate in Cadre Electronics or physics. A Degree in Law qualifying for enrolment as an advocate under (vi) Direct Entry Law Cadre Men 22-27 the Advocates Act 1961 with minimum 55% marks. BCom/MCom/MA/ BA(Economics), MBA/ BBA/ BBM, MCA/ BCA/ B.Sc.(IT), B Tech/ BE, Graduate (vii) Logistic Cadre Men 191/2 -25 Degree with post graduate Diploma/ Degree in Material Management/ICWA or Chartered Accountancy. (b) (Short Service Commission) MEN AGE SL BRANCH/TYPE OF EDUCATIONAL /WOME LIMIT No ENTRY QUALIFICATION N (YEARS) (i) General Service Men 191/2 -25 BE/ B Tech in any  34 (Executive) Discipline. General Service (Hydro BE/ B Tech in any (ii) Men 191/2 -25 Cadre) Discipline. A Graduate Degree with minimum 60% marks in (iiii) Aviation Pilot Men 19-24 any discipline with Mathematics & Physics at 10+2 level. A Graduate Degree with minimum 55% marks in Men/ (iv) Avviation Observer 19 -24 any discipline with Women Mathematics & Physics at 10+2 level. A First class Degree with minimum 60% marks in any of the followings:- BCom/ BA(Economics), MBA/ BBA/ BBM, Men / MCA/ BCA/ B.Sc.(IT), B (v) Logistics Cadre 191/2 -25 Women Tech/ BE, Graduate Degree with post graduate Diploma/ Degree in Material Management/ICWA or Chartered Accountancy. A Degree in Law qualifying for enrolment as an Men / (vi) Law Cadre 22-27 advocate under the Women Advocates Act 1961 with minimum 55% marks. A first class science Men/ (vii) ATC(Air Traffic Control) 191/2 -25 graduate with Physics & Women Maths or Msc with Physics  35 or Math securing min 55% marks. Degree in Electronocs/ Naval Armament Elect/ Mech Engg. Or post (viii) Men 191/2 -25 Inspection Cadre Graduate in Electronis or physics. Final/ Pre Final Year student of BE/ B Tech in Mech/ Marine/ Aerospace/ Aeronautical/ Production/ Computer Science/ IT/ (ix) University Entry Scheme Men 19-24 Control/ Electrical/ Electronics/ Telecommunication min 60% marks till VIth Semester / IVth Semester respectively. BE / B Tech (Computer Science / Computer Engg (x) SSC(IT) Men 191/2 -25 (IT), BSc (IT), MTech (Computer Science), MSc (Computer) BCA/ MCA 5. Education Branch AGE SL BRANCH/TYPE OF MEN EDUCATIONAL LIMIT No ENTRY /WOMEN QUALIFICATION (YEARS) A Masters Degree in one of the following with at least 50% (i) Permanent Commission Men 21-25 marks. (a) Physics (Math in B.Sc) or  36 (b) Maths (Physics in B.Sc) An Engineering Degree in Mech./ Electrical/ Electronics/ Computer Science/ IT with m,inimum 60% marks Short Service Men/ (ii) 21-25 -----do---- Commission Women 6. Engineering Branch (Marine Engineers) AGE SL MEN EDUCATIONAL BRANCH/TYPE OF ENTRY LIMIT No /WOMEN QUALIFICATION (YEARS) Permanent Commission 10+2 or equivalent with (i) Cadet Entry (NDA) (UPSC) Men 16 1/2 -19 Physics & Math 10+2 or equivalent with Physics,Chem & Maths (Minimum 75% marks in (ii) Cadet Entry (10+2)(Tech) Men 16 1/2 -19 aggregiate of PCM, Minimum 50% marks in English either in 10th or 12th class. Short Service Commission A Degree in Marine/ Mech./ Aeronautical/ Direct Entry (Technical (i) Men 191/2-25 Control/ Mettalurgical/ Branch) Production Engineer with minimum 55% marks.  37 Direct Entry (Submarine B.E(Mechanical) with (ii) Men 191/2-25 Cadre) minimum 55% marks) A Degree in Marine/ Mech./ Aeronautical/ University Entry Scheme Metallurgical/ Production (iii) Men 19-24 (UES) Engineer with minimum 60% marks up to 6th semester. 7. Engineering Branch (Naval Architects) AGE MEN SL LIMIT EDUCATIONAL BRANCH/TYPE OF ENTRY /WOME No (YEARS QUALIFICATION N ) Permanent Commission 10+2 or equivalent with Physics, Chem & Maths (Minimum 70% marks in 17 -19- (i) Cadet Entry (10+2)(Tech) Men aggregate of PCM, 1/2 Minimum 50% marks in English either in 10th or 12th class. Short Service Commission B.E in Mech./ Aeronautical/ Direct Entry (Naval Men/ (i) 21-25 Mettalurgical/ Civil/ Naval Architecture) Women Architecture with minimum 60% marks. Special Naval Architect Entry Men/ B.E(Naval Architect) with (ii) 19-24 Scheme (SNAES) Women minimum 60% marks) 8. Electrical Branch MEN SL BRANCH/TYPE OF ENTRY AGE EDUCATIONAL /WOMEN  38 No LIMIT QUALIFICATION (YEARS) Permanent Commission 10+2 or equivalent with 16 1/2 - (i) Cadet Entry (NDA) (UPSC) Men Physics & Math 19 10+2 or equivalent with Physics, Chem & Maths (Minimum 70% marks in (ii) Cadet Entry (10+2)(Tech) Men 17 -19 aggregate of PCM, Minimum 50% marks in English either in 10th or 12th class. Short Service Commission A Degree in Electrical/ Electronics/ Direct Entry (Technical Instrumentation & control/ (i) Men 191/2-25 Branch) Telecommunication Engg. with minimum 55% marks. A Degree in Electrical/ Electronics/ Direct Entry (Submarine (ii) Men 191/2-25 Telecommunication Cadre) control Engg. with minimum 55% marks. A Degree in Electrical/ Electronics/Powers/ Instrumentation & control/ University Entry Scheme Telecommunication/ (iii) Men 19-24 (UES) power system Engg. With minimum 60% marks up to VIth / IV th Semester respectively.  39 9. Note: (a) Women are eligible to apply for Short Service Commission in Law, ATC, Observer, and Education & Naval Architecture. (b) The duration of Short Service Commission is 10 years, extended to 14 years. (c) The training of officers selected through the above entries normally commences in the months of Jul/ Jan every year. Advertisements calling for applications from eligible candidates are published in Employment News and important News papers in Apr to Jun and Sep to Nov every year. The selection procedure includes UPSC examination (for NDA, 10+2 Cadet Entry and GSES Scheme), Interview at Service Selection Board and Medical Examination. (d) University Entry Scheme is applicable for Final Year students only(VII th semester) (e) The above information is a broad guideline and is subject to change as per the induction requirements of Indian Navy. 10. For Recruitment Contact. Any Naval Establishment or DMPR at Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence (NAVY), Sena Bhawan, New Delhi- 110011Tel: 011-2301182 (Officers) & 011-23793067 (Sailors) 011-23010498 (publicity) www.nausena-bharati.nic.in 11. ENTRY AS SAILOR Age Educational Month of Method of Entry Branch (yrs) Qualification Adv. Recruitment Artificers 10+2 or Equivalent Through written Electrical/ with Physics, examination in AA (Artificer 17- Dec & Mech/ Chemistry & Maths science, Maths, Apprentice) 20 June Shipwright with minimum 60% English & GK marks held at  40 AROs/ZROs/AS Cs/NREs twice in a year in Apr/Oct for the courses commencing in Aug/Feb. Three Year Diploma with Through written minimum 50% examination in marks in Maths, English, Mechanical/ GK and Electrical/ additional DE(DH) Electronics/ section as per (Direct Electrical/ 18- Telecommunicatio specialization Entry Mech/ Dec/ June 22 n/ Aeronautical/ followed by Diploma Electronics Ship-building/ interview. Held Holder) Instrumentation/ twice a year in Engineering/ Apr/ Oct for Mettallurgical from courses a recognized commencing in polytechnic/ Aug/ Feb. Institute. Non Artificers Seaman/ Minimum 45% Through written Communicati aggregate marks examination is on/Electrical in 10+2/equivalent English,GK,Math SSR(Senior Medical/Engi 17- with compulsory Dec/Jan & s and Scinece Secondary neering/Write 21 subjects maths & June/July held at Recruit) r/Store Physics with at ZROs/AROs/AS Assistant/ least one optional Cs/NREs twice a Naval subject such as year in Apr/Oct  41 Aviation Chemistry or for course Sailor Biology or commencing in Computer Aug/Feb Candidates should have aptitude for music and knowledge of at MR(Matric 17- March/Apr least one I-Musicians Matric Recruit) 21 il musical instrument is mandatory. Recruitment is conducted once a year. 17- Dec & Through written II-Stewards Matric 21 June examination in Maths, English, GK and Science held twice a year in Apr/ Oct conducted by the Naval 17- Dec & III- Cooks Matric Recruiting 21 June Establishments for courses commencing in Oct/ Apr for both entries. NMR(Non- Through written 17- Dec & Matric Topasses VI Class examination in 21 June Recruit) General  42 Awareness and Arithmetic. Held twice a year in Apr/ Oct conducted by the Naval Recruiting Establishments for courses commencing in Oct/ Apr. Sports Entries Seaman Matric or Recruitment is Direct Entry 17- (Acting Petty Equivalent (can be Dec & Jun conducted twice (Sports) 21 Officer) relaxed) a year in Apr/Oct Minimum 45% for courses aggregate marks commencing in in 10+2/ equivalent Aug/ Feb. Seaman/ with compulsory Exceptionally SSR comm./ Elect/ subjects math & outstanding (Outstandin eng/ medical/ 17- Dec/Jan & physics with at sportsmen who g writer/ store/ 21 June/ July least one optional have Sportsman) Naval subject such as represented Aviation Chemistry or international/ Biology or National level Computer. may contact or write directly to :- MR The Secretary, (Outstandin Steward/ 17- Dec & Indian Naval Matric g Cook 21 June Sports Sportsman) Control Board, Integrated 43 Headquarters of Ministry of Defence (Navy) Room No.8,’C’Wing, Sena Bhawan, New Delhi- 110011 Tel.: 23010562  44 12. Note: (a) The above information is a broad guideline and is subject to change as per the induction requirement of the Indian Navy. (b) All the Advertisements are published in Employment News and National/ Regional/ Leading News Papers. (c) Minimum % age of marks, for each entry is promulgated through advertisements for particular batch & may differ from the % age mentioned above. For further Details and Information, Contact or write to: The Joint Director, Manpower planning and Recruitment (NRO) Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence (NAVY), Sena Bhawan, New Delhi- 110011 Tel: 011-23793067 (Sailors) www.nausena-bharati.nic.in 13. Conclusion. The Indian Navy is employing cutting edge technology in administration & is operating in a dynamic environment. The recruitment into the Navy is based on selection through merit and calls for bright youth to join this finest service and serve the Nation. It also provides good pay and perks, housing, childrens education and hospital facilities to its service personnel. (This lecture needs to be supplemented by movies produced by DMPR/ IHQ/ MoD (Navy) periodically for better assimilation by cadets)  45 SECTION – 9 (SD/SW) BRANCHES OF THE NAVY AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Period - 1 Type - LEC Term - 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Training Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 min (b) Branches - 30 min (c) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. Indian Navy has the following six branches:- (a) Executive branch (d) Logistics branch (b) Engineering branch (e) Education branch (c) Electrical branch (f) Medical branch 4. Executive Department. The primary function of this department is to keep the ship in top fighting efficiency. Maintenance of ship‘s discipline is also the responsibility of this department. The executive department is headed by an officer from the executive branch and he is called Executive Officer. On big ship‘s he is also known as Ship‘s Commander. He is also called Second in Command, and in the absence of the  46 Commanding Officer, he is in charge of the ship. This department is further divided into following 06 sub branches:- (a) Gunnery (b) ASW (c) Navigation (d) Communication (e) Regulating (f) NBCD 5. Engineering Department. The primary responsibility of this department is to maintain the propulsion system of the ship and provide propulsion power to the ship as directed by the Commanding Officer. It is also provides assistance to ships NBCD in countering the damage. The HOD of this department is called Engineer Officer (EO). 6. Electrical Department. The ship needs electrical supply for domestic purpose i.e cooking, fans, AC, lighting and for operating weapon systems and sensors. This department is responsible for electrical power generation and electrical power supply to the ship borne weapon systems and sensors. The HOD of this department is called the Electrical Officer (LO). 7. Logistics Department. The logistics department is responsible to feed the ships company, provide them clothes, looks after their Pay and Allowances, provides spares and stores to Engineering, Electrical and Executive department for effecting repairs/replacement. The HOD of this department is called Logistics Officer (LOGO). 8. Medical Department. The primary responsibility of this department is to look after the health of the ships company. A qualified Medical Officer (MO) is posted onboard a ship for this purpose. 9. Education Branch. This department consists of officers of Education Branch, Civilians Instructors and a few sailors. These instructors look after class room instruction and examination of academic subjects. They also look after extracurricular activities, take classes for ETI and HET exams and conduct examinations for sailor. This department is headed by Senior Education Officer (SEDO). 10. Flight. Some ships have air element like helicopter onboard. Such ships have a separate department called ships Flight. This department is headed by a Flight Commander from the Aviation Branch.  47 11. Diving. Certain ships have complements of divers to undertake emergency diving operation both at harbour and sea to meet unforeseen requirements. 12. Conclusion. The branches of the Navy are for efficient running of departments when the Officers and Sailors of a particular branch are specially trained to discharge multifarious jobs that they are called upon to perform during their service career.  48 SECTION -10 (SD/SW) ROLE OF NAVY IN INDO PAK WAR-1971 & KARGIL WAR Period - 02 Type - LEC Term - III ************************************************************************************************ Trg Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, White board, Marker, Pointer & Projector Time Plan. 2. (a) Intro - 05 Mins (b) Role of IN Indo Pak War-1971 - 15 Mins (c) Kargil War - 15 Mins (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. The Indo Pak War of 1971 was brought about by the flawed inner dynamics of the Pakistani system of governance where in the Bengalis of the East Pakistan were not dealt with according to democratic norms. Even when ballot gave them overwhelming majority, they were refused their rights by the Pakistani Government, that lead to Mujibur Rahman declaring Bangladesh an independent country on 25 Mar 1971. NAVAL OPERATIONS IN ARABIAN SEA. 4. The situation in the Arabian Sea was altogether different. The Submarine, surface and air threats were higher and assessment of threats were little confusing. 5. Missile Boat Attack. The first missile boat attack on Karachi, launched from Saurashtra (Okha) along the coast, was a success. It sank a Pakistani destroyer and a coastal minesweeper. The Indian Fleet planned its next attack for night 8/9 December. To divert attention from missile attack on Karachi, they had also planned a diversionary  49 attack on Jiwani (Makran Coast). The bombardment group, under the Cruiser Mysore, apprehended Pakistani Merchant Ship ‗Madhumati‘ south of Jiwani after she had transmitted an SOS to Karachi. After Madhumati was boarded FOCWF called off gun bombardment of Jiwani as SOS was good enough distraction for the missile boats to go though the attack on Karachi. Once again this second strike also was successful. A missile, set Karachi fuel storage tanks aflame and another hit Dacca, the Pakistani Navy‘s tanker, at the anchorage. These two missile attack on Karachi achieved Western Fleet dominance of Sea approaches to Karachi. 6. Sinking of INS Khukri. A submarine was reliably detected off Bombay. On 8thDecember two frigates Khukri and Kirpan, were sailed from Bombay to ‗Flush‘ this submarine away from the Saurashtra coast where ships were assembling for the next missile attack on Karachi. On the evening of 9th December, the Pakistani submarine Hangor successfully torpedoed and sank Khukri. A sustained anti-submarine operation over the next four days was unable to prevent the Hangor‘s return to Karachi. NAVAL OPERATIONS IN BAY OF BENGAL. 7. In the Bay of Bengal there was no Surface threat. At the very beginning of the war, the Submarine threat vanished after, Pakistani Submarine Ghazi exploded at the entrance to Visakhapatnam Harbour whilst laying mines. There was no air threat after Indian Air Forse attacks grounded aircraft in East Pakistan. Carrier borne Air Craft avoided attacking neutral Merchant Shipping at Sea. They concentrated on immobilising Pakistani Vessels and damaged all Air Strips, which Pakistani Forces in East Pakistan might use to escape capture. Ships of Eastern Fleet enforced contraband control until tasked with amphibious landing to out off escape routes into Burma. Pakistan‘s Forces in the east laid down their arms after thirteen days of war and new Nation Bangladesh came into being. 8. Lesson Learnt. The war ended on 17th December when Pakistan accepted India‘s offer of cease-fire. While Indian Navy gave a good account of itself following lessons were learnt and post war action was taken to address these issues. (a) Innovation and Exercise. Missile boat attack carried out by Indian Navy by towing them near the vicinity of target was a plus point of improvisation.  50 (b) Submarine is a dangerous enemy in typical hydrological condition where it is difficult to detect and requires attack from air, surface and underwater –all three directions. (c) Large caliber gun engagement between warships not likely. Anti ship missile would dominate future war at sea. KARGIL WAR 9. Introduction. During 1999 Kargil War, the western and Eastern Fleet were deployed in the Northern Arabian Sea, as part of the Operation Talwar. They safe guarded Indian Maritime assets from a Potential Pakistani Naval Attack as also deferred Pakistan from attempting to block India‘s sea-trade routes. The Indian Navy‘s aviators flew sorties and marine commandos fought alongside Indian Army personnel in the Himalayas. 10. Initial Phase. The 1999 Kargil War took place between May 8, when Pakistani forces and Kashmiri militants were detected atop the Kargil ridges and July 14 when both sides had essentially ceased their military operations. It is believed that the planning for the operation, by Pakistan, may have occurred about as early as the autumn of 1998.The spring and summer incursion of Pakistan-backed armed forces into territory on the Indian side of the line of control around Kargil in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and the Indian military campaign to repel the intrusion left 524 Indian soldiers dead and 1,363 wounded. 11. Later Phase. By 30 June 1999 Indian forces were prepared for a major high- altitude offensive against Pakistani posts along the border in the disputed Kashmir region. Over the previous six weeks India had moved five infantry divisions, five independent brigades and 44 battalions of paramilitary troops to Kashmir. The total Indian troop strength in the region had reached 730,000. The build-up included the deployment of around 60 frontline aircraft. The Pakistani effort to take Kargil occurred after the February 1999 Lahore summit between then Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and the Indian Prime Minister Atal Bahari Vajpayee. This conference was believed to have de-escalated the tensions that had existed since May 1998. The major motive behind the operation was to help in internationalizing the Kashmir issue, and for which global attention had been flagging for some time. The intrusion plan was  51 the brainchild of Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff, Gen Pervez Musharraf and Lt Gen Mohammed Aziz, the Chief of General Staff. They obtained only an 'in principle' concurrence, without any specifics, from Nawaz Sharif, the Pakistani Prime Minister. NAVAL ASPECTS OF KARGIL WAR 12. While the Army and the Air Force readied themselves for the battle on the heights of Kargil, Indian Navy began to draw out its plans. Unlike the earlier wars with Pakistan, this time the bringing in of the Navy at the early stages of the conflict served to hasten the end of the conflict in India's favor. 13. Strategy. In drawing up its strategy, the Navy was clear that a reply to the Pakistani misadventure had to be two-pronged. While ensuring safety and security of Indian maritime assets from a possible surprise attack by Pakistan, the Indian imperative was that all efforts must be made to deter Pakistan from escalating the conflict into a full scale war. Thus, the Indian Navy was put on a full alert from May 20 onwards, a few days prior to the launch of the Indian retaliatory offensive. Naval and Coast Guard aircraft were put on a continuous surveillance and the units readied up for meeting any challenge at sea. 14. Operational Talwar. Time had now come to put pressure on Pakistan, to ensure that the right message went down to the masterminds in that country. Strike elements from the Eastern Fleet were sailed from Visakhapatnam on the East Coast to take part in a major naval exercise called 'SUMMEREX' in the North Arabian Sea. This was envisaged as the largest ever amassing of naval ships in the region. The message had been driven home. Pakistan Navy, in a defensive mood, directed all its units to keep clear of Indian naval ships. As the exercise shifted closer to the Makaran Coast, Pakistan moved all its major combatants out of Karachi. It also shifted its focus to escorting its oil trade from the Gulf in anticipation of attacks by Indian ships. 15. As the retaliation from the Indian Army and the Air Force gathered momentum and a defeat to Pakistan seemed a close possibility, an outbreak of hostilities became imminent. Thus the naval focus now shifted to the Gulf of Oman. Rapid reaction missile carrying units and ships from the fleet were deployed in the North Arabian Sea for carrying out missile firing, anti-submarine and electronic warfare exercises. The Navy  52 also readied itself for implementing a blockade of the Pakistani ports, should the need arise. In addition, Naval amphibious forces from the Andaman group of islands were moved to the western sea-board. 16. Conclusion. In a skillful use of Naval power in the form of 'Operation Talwar', the Eastern Fleet joined the Western Naval Fleet and blocked the Arabian Sea routes of Pakistan. Apart from a deterrent, the former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharief later disclosed that Pakistan was left with just six days of fuel (POL) to sustain itself if a full- fledged war broke out.  53 SECTION -11 (SD/SW) NAVAL CAMPAIGN (PEARL HARBOUR, FALKLAND WAR, BATTLE OF ATLANTIC/ FLEET PFR, IFR) Period - 2 Type - PRAC Term - 01 each for II & III ************************************************************************************************ Trg Aids 1. Blackboard, chalk, white board marker, projector and pointer & Video clips Time Plan. 2. (a) Intro - 05 Mins (b) Pearl Harbour, - 10 Mins (c) Falkland war, Battle of Atlantic - 10 Mins (d) PFR, IFR - 10 Mins e) Conclusion - 05 Mins ------------- 40 Mins ------------- 3. Introduction. During First and Second World War, there were many Naval Campaigns which turned the tide of war and considered to be the turning points. Let us look at some of the famous naval battles. Pearl Harbor 4. The Battle of Pearl Harbour was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941 (December 8 in Japan). The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering  54 with military actions the Empire of Japan was planning in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States. 5. The base was attacked by 353 Japanese fighters, bombers and torpedo planes in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers. All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four being sunk. Of these eight damaged, two were raised, and with four repaired, six battleships returned to service later in the war. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship and one minelayer. 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,402 Americans were killed and 1,282 wounded. Important base installations such as the power station, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of the intelligence section) were not attacked. Japanese losses were light: 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost, and 65 servicemen killed or wounded. One Japanese sailor was captured. 6. The attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters. The following day (December 8), the United States declared war on Japan. Domestic support for non-interventionism, which had been strong, disappeared. Clandestine support of Britain (for example the Neutrality Patrol) was replaced by active alliance. Subsequent operations by the U.S. prompted Germany and Italy to declare war on the U.S. on December 11, which was reciprocated by the U.S. the same day. There were numerous historical precedents for unannounced military action by Japan. However, the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, "a date which will live in infamy". Thus Japan had achieved total ―Surprise‖ by attacking Pearl Harbour. (Show Movie) Falklands War 7. The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas or Guerra del Atlántico Sur), also known as the Falklands Conflict or Falklands Crisis, was a 1982 war between Argentina and the United Kingdom. The conflict resulted from the long- standing dispute over the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which lie in the South Atlantic, east of Argentina.  55 8. The Falklands War began on Friday 2 April 1982, when Argentine forces invaded and occupied the Falkland Islands and South Georgia. The British government dispatched a naval task force to engage the Argentine Navy and Air Force, and retake the islands by amphibious assault. The resulting conflict lasted 74 days and ended with the Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982, which returned the islands to British control. During the conflict, 649 Argentine military personnel, 255 British military personnel and 3 Falkland Islanders died. 9. The conflict was the result of a protracted historical confrontation regarding the sovereignty of the islands. Argentina has asserted that the Falkland Islands have been Argentinian territory since the 19th century and till to date and showed no sign of relinquishing the claim. The claim was added to the Argentine constitution after its reformation in 1994. As such, the Argentine government characterised their initial invasion as the re-occupation of their own territory, whilst the British government saw it as an invasion of a British dependent territory. However, neither state officially declared war and hostilities were almost exclusively limited to the territories under dispute and the local area of the South Atlantic. 10. The conflict had a strong impact in both countries. Patriotic sentiment ran high in Argentina, but the outcome prompted large protests against the ruling military government, which hastened its downfall. In the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government was bolstered by the successful outcome. Relations between the United Kingdom and Argentina were restored in 1989 following a meeting in Madrid, at which the two Governments issued a joint statement. (Show Movie Clip) Battle of Atlantic 11. The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. It was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943. The Battle of the Atlantic pittedU-boats and other warships of the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) and aircraft of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) against Allied merchant shipping. The convoys, coming mainly from North America and mainly going to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, were protected for the most part by the British and Canadian navies and air forces. These forces were aided by ships and aircraft of the United States from September 13, 1941. The Germans were  56 joined by submarines of the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) after their Axis ally Italy entered the war on June 10, 1940. 12. As an island nation, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight. In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic was a tonnage war: The Allied struggle to supply Britain and the Axis attempt to stem the flow of merchant shipping which enabled Britain to keep fighting. From 1942 onwards, the Germans also sought to prevent the build-up of Allied supplies and equipment in the British Isles in preparation for the invasion of occupied Europe. The defeat of the U-boat threat was a pre-requisite for pushing back the Germans. Winston Churchill was later to state: 13. The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war. Never for one moment could we forget that everything happening elsewhere, on land, at sea or in the ai