Brain Anatomy and Functions PDF

Division, origin, & function of component parts of the brain OVERVIEW...

Division, origin, & function of component parts of the brain OVERVIEW FOREBRAIN Cerebrum Diencephalon Limbic system (A functional system) -enlargements of the neural tube HINDBRAIN Reticular formation (A functional system) ©Beatriz Castro Figure from https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/13-1-the-embryologic-perspective Cerebellum Brainstem  A I N B R RE F O e m i n st Br a Primary role: ©Beatriz Castro Regulate basic life- sustaining functions Ref. https://study.com/ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 jp  LO6: Examine the anatomy and function of structures associated with the midbrain The midbrain surrounds the cerebral aqueduct-which connects the 3rd ventricle with the 4th ventricle. Visual reflex center Latin word for roof Cerebral (over the cerebral peduncles aqueduct) (a) Ventral view (Motor descending Corpora pyramidal tracts: quadrigemina corticospinal tract) (Latin for "quadruplet bodies") Auditory reflex ©Beatriz Castro center In Latin, colliculus=hill https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/brain-for-ai/images/b/bd/Tectum.png/revision/latest?cb=20170613125935 (c) Dorsal view  The midbrain consists of four main parts: tectum, Cross-section tegmentum (contains the red nucleus), substantia nigra, and crus cerebri cerebral aqueduct CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE The substantia nigra consist of melanin- containing neurons that produces dopamine. Involved in motor control On each side, the crus cerebri contains the corticospinal (motor) tract. ©Beatriz Castro The tegmentum extends through the brainstem, anterior to the ventricular space. Red nucleus It contains the reticular formation, cranial nerves, nuclei, and tracts. subcortical motor centers  LO7: Examine the anatomy and function of the medulla oblongata All ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) fibers connecting brain and spinal cord pass through medulla Contains visceral nuclei controlling: respiratory heart rate & BP Coughing vomiting rate Descending corticospinal tracts (‘PYRAMIDAL TRACT’)- form the ventral face of the medulla oblongata (tracts) Cooperates with the medullary respiratory centers to control respiratory rate and depth of the pyramids ©Beatriz Castro Here the fibers from the corticospinal tract cross over before entering the spinal cord. https://www.neurosurgicalatlas.com/neuroanatomy/ (Photo Credit : Henry Vandyke Carter / Wikimedia Commons) ventral-surface-of-the-brainstem-and-cerebellum  LO8: Describe the location and some functions of the Reticular formation & Reticular Activating System (RAS) RAS is a component of the reticular formation Maintains the alert state (consciousness) of the cerebral cortex (RAS) coordinating both the sleep-wake cycle and wakefulness Helps regulate skeletal net-like structure of various and visceral muscle brainstem nuclei and neurons activity spanning the length of the brainstem. relaying sensory information (touch, pain, temperature) ©Beatriz Castro to the cerebral cortex Filters out repetitive stimuli: Habituation (=brain learns to ignore repetitive, inconsequential stimuli while remaining sensitive to others)  LO9: Describe the structure and functions of the cerebellum Credit KATERYNA KON / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY BodyParts3D is created by DBCLS Cerebellar vermis Purkinje cell (Latin: ‘worm’) median portion - connects the two cortex of gray matter with folds (folia) hemispheres (right & left) cerebellar peduncles Arbor vitae ©Beatriz Castro (white matter) Adjusts motor output, ensuring process sensory information related to body position and movement coordination and balance (spinocerebellar tract) https://histology.siu.edu/ssb/NM028b.htm