MYP Year 1 Physical And Health Education (PHE) 2024 PDF

MYP Year 1 | Physical and Health Education (PHE) Term 4: 2024 Mindful Movement – Fitness for Better Learning Section 1: Key Concepts and Factual Knowledge 1.1 The Impact of Physical Activity on Brain Health Physical activity enhances blood flow to the brain, which i...

MYP Year 1 | Physical and Health Education (PHE) Term 4: 2024 Mindful Movement – Fitness for Better Learning Section 1: Key Concepts and Factual Knowledge 1.1 The Impact of Physical Activity on Brain Health Physical activity enhances blood flow to the brain, which improves memory, learning capacity, and focus. Key regions of the brain influenced by exercise: ○ Prefrontal Cortex: Responsible for focus, decision-making, and self-control. ○ Hippocampus: Plays a role in memory formation and emotional regulation. ○ Regular aerobic exercises (e.g., running, swimming) stimulate brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), which support brain function. Quick Check: 1. Which part of the brain is involved in focus and decision-making? 2. List two benefits of aerobic exercise on brain health. 1.2 Concept of Balance in Physical Fitness Balance is the ability to maintain control over body movement, posture, and stability, whether still or in motion. Good balance involves both muscular strength and coordination. It can be developed through yoga, pilates, and mindful movement exercises. Importance in learning: Balance exercises help reduce stress and improve mental clarity, making learning more efficient. 1.3 Nutrition and Brain Performance Nutrition impacts brain health by providing energy and nutrients to sustain mental functions. Key nutrients that boost learning and focus: MYP Year 1 | Physical and Health Education (PHE) Term 4: 2024 ○ Omega-3 fatty acids (from fish, nuts) support brain growth. ○ Antioxidants (from fruits and vegetables) protect brain cells from stress. ○ Hydration is essential for concentration and cognitive function. Quick Check: 1. Which nutrient found in fish helps brain function? 2. What is the role of hydration in learning? Section 2: Goal Setting and Planning for Performance 2.1 SMART Goal Setting Goals for fitness and well-being should be SMART: ○ Specific: Focus on a clear objective (e.g., "I will jog 3 times a week"). ○ Measurable: You can track progress (e.g., “Run 2 km without stopping”). ○ Achievable: Goals are realistic based on your abilities. ○ Relevant: Aligns with your health needs. ○ Time-bound: Has a deadline (e.g., "In 4 weeks"). Practice Activity: Write two personal goals to improve your fitness and academic performance: 2.2 Creating a Fitness and Nutrition Plan Weekly Plan Template (example): Day Physical Mindful Movement Nutrition Goal Activity Monday Jogging 2 km 10 mins yoga Eat 2 servings of fruit Wednesday Swimming 5 mins deep breathing Stay hydrated (6-8 glasses water) Friday Dance class 10 mins mindfulness Include nuts in meals journaling MYP Year 1 | Physical and Health Education (PHE) Term 4: 2024 Section 3: Reflection and Analysing Outcomes 3.1 The Role of Reflection in Improving Performance Reflective practice helps you understand what works and what needs to change. ○ What worked well? ○ What can I improve? ○ How did I feel after each session? Case Study: Emma followed a fitness plan with daily jogging but only saw small improvements in academic focus. Reflection Prompt: What adjustments could Emma make to her plan? ○ Consider: Could she include more varied activities or add mindfulness exercises? Section 4: Practice Questions for Exam Preparation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Practice Questions 1. What physical activity most improves focus and memory? ○ A. Weightlifting ○ B. Aerobic exercise ○ C. Stretching ○ D. Balance exercises 2. What nutrient is crucial for brain growth and development? ○ A. Omega-3 fatty acids ○ B. Vitamin D ○ C. Iron ○ D. Calcium MYP Year 1 | Physical and Health Education (PHE) Term 4: 2024 4.2 Short-Answer Questions 1. Define the term balance in physical education. 2. Explain how regular exercise improves academic performance. 3. List two ways to track progress toward fitness goals. 4.3 Case Study Reflection Practice Read the following scenario: Case: Sam created a fitness plan with yoga and swimming to improve focus but forgot to track his progress. He also skipped some sessions. Reflection Prompt: What advice would you give Sam to improve his plan and stay motivated? MYP Year 1 | Physical and Health Education (PHE) Term 4: 2024 Key Terms and Concepts 1. Physical Fitness ○ Definition: Physical fitness is the ability to perform daily activities with energy and without feeling tired. It includes endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance. ○ Examples of Fitness Components: Aerobic Fitness: Also known as cardiovascular fitness, it involves exercises that improve heart and lung health (e.g., running, cycling). Strength: This is the power to lift, push, or pull weight (e.g., push-ups, squats). Flexibility: The ability of your joints to move through their full range of motion (e.g., stretching exercises, yoga). 2. Health and Brain Performance ○ Brain Health: Brain health includes mental clarity, memory, focus, and emotional well-being. ○ Mental Well-being: This involves having a positive state of mind, managing stress, and staying motivated. ○ Brain Performance: How well your brain works, affecting concentration, memory, and problem-solving. Fitness and Nutrition Terms 1. Aerobic Exercise ○ Definition: Aerobic exercises are activities that make you breathe harder and increase your heart rate. They use oxygen to fuel muscles. ○ Examples: Running, swimming, dancing, and cycling. 2. Strength Training ○ Definition: Exercises that improve muscle power by working against resistance. ○ Examples: Push-ups, squats, lunges, and lifting weights. 3. Flexibility Exercises ○ Definition: Activities that help your muscles and joints move through their full range of motion. ○ Examples: Stretching, yoga, and dynamic warm-ups like leg swings. 4. Fitness Assessment ○ Definition: A way to measure your physical fitness level. Common tests include: Shuttle Run: Measures speed and agility. Sit-Ups: Tests abdominal strength. Sit and Reach: Measures flexibility. Beep Test: Assesses aerobic endurance by running between two points. MYP Year 1 | Physical and Health Education (PHE) Term 4: 2024 Brain-Boosting Nutrients Certain nutrients are essential for brain health and can improve memory, focus, and mood: 1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids ○ Found in: Fish (salmon, tuna), flaxseeds, walnuts. ○ Benefits: Supports memory and concentration. 2. Proteins ○ Found in: Eggs, lean meat, beans, nuts. ○ Benefits: Helps build neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that help brain cells communicate. 3. Complex Carbohydrates ○ Found in: Whole grains (brown rice, oats), vegetables. ○ Benefits: Provides a steady supply of energy for the brain. 4. Antioxidants ○ Found in: Berries, nuts, dark chocolate. ○ Benefits: Protects brain cells from damage and supports overall brain health. Exercises that Benefit Brain Health Certain types of exercise are especially good for brain performance: 1. Aerobic Exercises (e.g., jogging, swimming, cycling) ○ Increase blood flow to the brain, supporting memory and focus. 2. Strength Exercises (e.g., resistance training, bodyweight exercises) ○ Improve mood and resilience, helping reduce stress and anxiety. 3. Flexibility Exercises (e.g., yoga, stretching routines) ○ Relieve muscle tension, improve relaxation, and support focus. 4. Mind-Body Exercises (e.g., tai chi, yoga, Pilates) ○ These combine movement with mindfulness and help reduce stress while enhancing mental clarity. MYP Year 1 | Physical and Health Education (PHE) Term 4: 2024 Stress-Reduction Techniques Managing stress is essential for mental health and brain performance. Here are some helpful techniques: 1. Deep Breathing ○ How it Works: Take slow, deep breaths in through the nose and out through the mouth. ○ Benefits: Calms the nervous system, reduces anxiety, and improves focus. 2. Visualisation ○ How it Works: Imagine a calm, relaxing place, and picture yourself there. ○ Benefits: Helps reduce stress, improve mood, and increase focus. 3. Progressive Muscle Relaxation ○ How it Works: Tense and then release each muscle group in your body. ○ Benefits: Reduces muscle tension, improves relaxation, and decreases anxiety. Mindfulness Techniques Mindfulness is the practice of focusing on the present moment without judgement. It helps improve concentration and reduce stress. 1. Meditation ○ How to Practise: Sit quietly, focus on your breath, and try to keep your mind clear. ○ Benefits: Improves focus, reduces stress, and enhances brain health. 2. Body Scan ○ How to Practise: Close your eyes, slowly focus on each part of your body from head to toe, and notice how each part feels. ○ Benefits: Increases relaxation, enhances body awareness, and reduces stress. 3. Mindful Walking ○ How to Practise: Focus on each step as you walk, noticing how your body moves and your surroundings. ○ Benefits: Calms the mind, increases awareness, and improves mood.