Music of Southeast Asia PDF

Cambodia - one of the most beautiful countries in Southeast Asia - it is also known as Kampuchea - Music has always been a part of Cambodia’s dances, plays, religious events and it’s accompanied by an orchestra. Two Ensembles of Cambodia: 1. Pinpeat - used in praying to God a...

Cambodia - one of the most beautiful countries in Southeast Asia - it is also known as Kampuchea - Music has always been a part of Cambodia’s dances, plays, religious events and it’s accompanied by an orchestra. Two Ensembles of Cambodia: 1. Pinpeat - used in praying to God and spirit and other ceremonies. Musical Instruments of Pinpeat Oneath - xylophone in metal or bamboo Kongvong - gong circles Skor Thom - a very big drum Samphor - a big drum Sro Lai - a big recorder Chingg - finger cymbals 2. Mohory Ensemble - used for entertainment (dance, theater, wedding, and etc.) Musical Instruments of Mohory Khoem - 35 horizontal string instruments Ta Khe - 3 horizontal string instruments Tro - vertical strings instrument Skor Dai - small drum Khloy - small recorder Chhoeng Indonesia - archipelago comprising 17,500 islands Gamelan Ensemble - composed of 50-80 instruments that accompany special ceremonies Gamelan Instruments Metallophones - metal xylophones Saron - with seven bronze keys  Gender - played with soft mallets Slentem - less keys than gender Bonangs - small bronze kettles Gambang - xylophone with hardwood bars Suling - bamboo flute Rehab - two string fiddle Celempung - has 26 strings, organized in 13 pairs, supported by 4 legs. Gongs - Kenong, Ketuk, Kempul Drums - has 2 types ○ Kendnag - beaten by hand ○ Bedug - beaten by stick Popular Gamelans Javanese Gamelan - used in court music Balinese Gamelan - used in sacred music Basic kinds of Indonesian Music Scale Slendro - 5 equidistant tones in an octave Pelog - 7 tone scale with semitone Both vocal and instrumental music in Indonesia uses slendro and pelog scales 1. Polyphonic stratification - a result of hocket/interlocking 2. Interlocking - common technique used in gong ensembles 3. Irama - an indonesian term for a tempo Myanmar - formerly known as Burma - has more than 100 ethnic groups - music is an indispensable factors in the spiritual life of its people Burmese Music - music sounds are richly theatrical. Ensembles of Myanmar 1. Anyeint - played in concerts 2. Hsaing Waing - played in orchestra - Myanmar’s traditional folk music ensemble - made up of mainly different gongs and drums Myanmar Instruments Hne - double reed pipe Chauk Lon Pat - set of 8 turned drums Maung Hsaing - larger bronze gongs in a rectangular frame Pat Waing - set of 21 drums in a circle Kyi Waing - smaller bronze gongs in a circular frame Anyeint - traditional Burmese entertainment form that combines dance with performances. Saung Gauk - regarded as a national musical instrument of Burma. - saung is said to be the only surviving harp in Asia. - used in formal occasions Malaysia - a multi ethnic and multi cultural land with Chinese, Indians, and indigenous people. Malaysia's music can be categorized as: 1. Classical and Folk - exist as vocal, dance, and theatrical music. 2. Syncretic - influenced by other cultures ( Arabs, Indians, Persians, Chinese etc.) Ensembles in Malaysia 1. Agung and Kulintang - composed of small, horizontally laid gong, accompanied by larger, suspended gongs and drums used in funerals and weddings 2. Silat Melayu - a combative art of self defense 3. Kertok - xylophones played in traditional Malay events 4. Dikir Barat - performs choral w or w/o percussion instrument accompaniment - a style of Malay choral singing Thailand - also called as Muang Thai meaning Land of free - it’s musical is based on the five and seven tone system - it’s folk music consist of simple songs with simple melodic lines Two popular styles of traditional Thai music - LUKTHUNG and MOR LAM The Three Musical Ensembles of Thailand 1. Piphat - shadow puppetry Instruments: Khongwong - gong circles Renat - thai xylophones Klong - different kinds of drums Klui - recorder Diddley Bow - large single stringed instrument that sounds like a bass Kaen - reed mouth organ Picnai - oboe like Instrument 2. Khrueangsai - stick puppet theater Instruments: SAW Duang - high pitched two stringed bowed lute SAW U - lower pitched bowed lute Jhake - the stringed plucked zither Khlui - vertical fipple flute Goblet drum - (thon- rammana) small hammered Chinese dulcimer 3. Mahori - combination of Piphat and Khrueangsai - traditionally played by court women Laos - the music of laos includes the music of the groups living in Laos - the traditional music of laos has similarities with the traditional music of Thailand and Cambodia including the name, influences and developments. - The term Lao is derived from PENGLAODEUM which refers to the traditional songs thst describe royal court music. Musical Ensembles 1. Sep Nyai - similar to Thai’s Piphat 2. Sep Noi - similar to Thai’s Mahori Vietnam - Because of Chinese colonization for 10 years, Vietnamese music and instruments were mostly of Chinese origin. Major Categories of Vietnam Music 1. Imperial Court Music  - used to honor gods and scholars in temples 2. Folk music - performed in theater, streets, courtship rituals, and ceremonies for invoking spirits. 3. Religious and Ceremonial Music - sang in religious rituals or at funerals. Three main styles of music are as follows: 1. Hue Style - refers to solo musical pieces accompanied by moon lute, small drum, tongs, cymbals, and flute. 2. Northern Professional Style - musical performances usually accompanied by lute 3. Southern amateur Style - incorporates more of western instruments such as violins and Hawaiian guitars Singapore - Due to British Empire colonization, the culture and population are highly influenced by western way of life. Types of Orchestra Singapore Symphony Orchestra - playing music with western influences Singapore China Orchestra - performs ethnic music with Malay and Indian influence Instruments: Kulintang Kompang Angklung Gamelan Instruments Songs from the different countries in Asia 1. Bunung Kaka Tua 2. Rasa Sayang 3. Chan Mali Chan 4. Loi Loi Krathong