Music of the Renaissance Period (1450 - 1600) PDF

MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY (1397 - 1474) - idea of a “universal man”  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD...

MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY (1397 - 1474) - idea of a “universal man”  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) SACRED MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD 1. motet ➔ a polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than the ordinary mass 1. mass ➔ a polyphonic choral work made of five sections a. Kyrie b. Gloria c. Credo d. Sanctus e. Agnus Dei  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) FAMOUS RENAISSANCE COMPOSERS Guillaume Dufay Josquin des Prez Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (5 August 1397 – 27 November 1474) (c. 1450/1455 – 27 August 1521) (c. 1525 – 2 February 1594)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Guillaume Dufay Guillaume Dufay and Gilles Binchois (5 August 1397 – 27 November 1474) of the Burgundian Court  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY ➔ Greatly associated with the living history of his time (Church, royal, princely, baronial courts of Burgundian Netherlands) ➔ Renowned for the greatness of his genius ➔ Almost 200 of his works survived, including: 84 songs eight complete masses 13 isorhythmic motets numerous hymn settings single mass movements Guillaume Dufay works in honor of the Virgin Mary, various saints and (5 August 1397 – 27 November 1474) liturgical feasts  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Lamentatio Sanctae Matris Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae (Lament for the Holy Mother of Church of Constantinople) (1454)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Lamentatio Sanctae Matris Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae (Lament for the Holy Mother of Church of Constantinople) (1454) ➔ The only surviving lament among the four polyphonic laments on the Fall of Constantinople ➔ Perfected the motet chanson (a genre in which a vernacular text in an upper voice is sung simultaneously with a Latin chant in the tenor)  Cantus (French) The Virgin Mary melodiously pleads for aid for the Holy Mother Church Tenor (Latin) Chants a passage from the Lamentations of Jeremiah (1:2) from the Old Testament an example of a motet chanson  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436) ➔ A music composed for the inauguration of the Cathedral of Florence (designed by Filippo Brunelleschi)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436) CATHEDRAL OF FLORENCE ➔ Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore (Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower) ➔ Serves as the cultural icon for all of Italy ➔ One of the architectural wonders of the Western world ➔ Testimony to the glory & power of their republic ➔ Inspired by the ancient Pantheon  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436) CATHEDRAL OF FLORENCE ➔ Authorities in Florence prefer Frenchman to create music for the ceremony of dedication No strong tradition of large-scale polyphonic church music Few Italian music manuscript of polyphonic masses and motets were works of French & English composers (imported from the North)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436) CATHEDRAL OF FLORENCE ➔ has a dome with a double shell ➔ nave – 72 bracchia wide, 72 bracchia long, 72 bracchia wide ➔ dome – 72 bracchia in diameter and 2x72 bracchia high  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436) FORM ➔ 28 longs in length (28 bars in modern notation), 14 each for duet and 4 voices ➔ Mensuration signs control the length of each section Section I 6 semibreves (6 half –notes) Section II 4 semibreves (4 half –notes) Section III 2 semibreves (2 half –notes) Section IV 3 semibreves (3 half –notes) 6 x 4 x 2 x 3 = 144 144 taken from 72 bracchia for the nave and 72 bracchia for the dome  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436) STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ➔ Just like the Cathedral of Florence, it was the prototype and spiritual of all churches ➔ 1 Kings 6 60 cubits in length (divided into 40 cubits for the nave and 20 cubits for the sanctuary) 20 cubits in width 30 cubits in height 6 x 4 x 2 x 3 = 144 144 taken from 72 bracchia for the nave and 72 bracchia for the dome  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436) TEXT ➔ The motet text, which speaks of the dedication of the church ➔ It consists of four stanzas, each line has seven syllables Ex dono pontifucis (7) Hieme licet horrida (7) Tibi, virgo calica (7) Pie et sancte deditum (7) 4 x 7 = 28  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436) WHY 28? ➔ derived from Solomon’s temple (began in 4th year of his reign and took 7 years to complete) ➔ Service of dedication occurred in the 7th month of the 7th year and required twice 7 days [7+7+ (2x7)] 4 x 7 = 28  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436) WHY 28? ➔ 28 is considered to be a perfect number ➔ (1 X 28; 2 X 14; 4 X 7) = 28 ➔ 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28 ➔ Based from the ancient number theory of Pythagoras 4 x 7 = 28  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GUILLAUME DUFAY Nuper Rosarum Flores (The Rose Blossoms Recently) (March 25, 1436)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) JOSQUIN DESPREZ ➔ According to Martin Luther: “God has His Gospel preached also through the medium of music; this may be seen from the compositions of Josquin, all of whose works are cheerful, gentle, mild and lovely…” Josquin des Prez (c. 1450/1455 – 27 August 1521)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) JOSQUIN DESPREZ ➔ Master of Renaissance Music ➔ Perfected the techniques of imitation Josquin des Prez (c. 1450/1455 – 27 August 1521)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) JOSQUIN DESPREZ Ave Maria...Virgo Serena (Hail Mary...Serene Virgin) (c. 1475)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA ➔ Prince of Music ➔ One of the most important Italian Renaissance composers ➔ 104 masses and some 450 other sacred works Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525 – 2 February 1594)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass (Missa Papae Marcelli) (1567) POPE MARCELLUS MASS ➔ dedicated to Pope Marcellus II ➔ Written for an a cappella choir of six voice parts: soprano, alto, two tenors and two basses  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass (Missa Papae Marcelli) (1567)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) SECULAR MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD 1. vocal 2. instrumental  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) SECULAR MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD 1. vocal ➔ music was set to poems in various languages: a. Italian b. French c. Spanish d. German e. Dutch f. English  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) SECULAR MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD 1. vocal ➔ MADRIGAL Originated in Italy around 1520 Usually sung by the aristocrats a piece for several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about love combines homophonic and polyphonic textures and uses word painting 00  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) SECULAR MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD As Vesta Was Descending from Latmos Hill by Thomas Weelkes (1601) ➔ comes from The Triumphes of Oriana, an anthology of English madrigals written to honor Queen Elizabeth, who was often called Oriana ➔ it pictures Vesta (the Roman goddess of the hearth) coming down a hill with her attendants, “Diana’s darlings” (Diana was the Roman goddess of chastity, hunting and the moon) ➔ the “maiden queen” Oriana (Elizabeth), is climbing the hill with her shepherd gallants ➔ Vesta’s attendants desert her and race down the hill to join Oriana  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) SECULAR MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD As Vesta Was Descending from Latmos Hill by Thomas Weelkes (1601)  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) SECULAR MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD 2. instrumental ➔ was intended for dancing  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) SECULAR MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD 2. instrumental ➔ PAVANNE OR PASSAMEZZO in duple meter ➔ GALLIARD in triple meter  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) SECULAR MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD Pavanne and Galliard by Anthony Holborne  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS KEYBOARD harpsichord predecessor of the piano used as solo and accompanying instrument in the ensembles  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS KEYBOARD organ can be positive or portative  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS KEYBOARD regal small portable organ with reed pipes  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS CHORDOPHONES lute a versatile plucked instrument  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS CHORDOPHONES viol and viola da gamba bowed string instrument  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AEROPHONES shawm a double-reed ancestor of the oboe  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AEROPHONES trumpet a natural trumpet with a sliding leadpipe  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AEROPHONES recorder an early flute  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AEROPHONES cornett a wooden instrument with cup-shaped mouthpiece  MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450 - 1600) RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AEROPHONES sackbut earliest ancestor of the trombones