Grade 9 Music Learner's Material - Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Music PDF

GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 To the illustrator: Using the blank map of Europe, place pictures of ALL the composers...

GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 To the illustrator: Using the blank map of Europe, place pictures of ALL the composers featured in EACH UNIT around the map and put arrows pointing to the country where they come from. Maybe you can use better looking arrows and format the composer’s pictures in an oval shape. The writers would like to show where the composers come from. I am attaching a file of the blank map and please edit it with the corresponding name and fill it the needed area with different colors. Please follow the example below. (Check the pictures of the composers and their hometowns in all the units.) Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 1  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Time allotment: 8 hours LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of the characteristic features of the music of the medieval, the renaissance and the baroque periods. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner …  Performs selected songs from the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods.  Chants  Madrigals  Excerpts from Oratorio  Chorales  Troubadour Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 2  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 INTRODUCTION The first three periods of Western Music History are classified as Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque. Each period has its distinctive characteristics, historical and cultural background. A type of music from the Medieval Era is Gregorian Chant, which was mainly used in the early Christian church. Music during the Renaissance Period became an important leisure activity. Members of the upper class were expected to have received musical training. Imitative polyphony is the distinctive characteristic of Renaissance music. The Baroque Period is characterized by grand and elaborate ornamentation of sculptures, theaters, arts and music. The music genres which flourished during the Baroque Period were the Concerto, the Fugue, the Oratorio and the Chorale. Music evolved alongside with man’s constant quest for growth and development. OBJECTIVES At the end of this module you, as a learner, are expected to:  Listen perceptively to selected vocal and instrumental music of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods.  Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers and audience) of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods.  Relate Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music to its historical and cultural background through dramatization.  Sing selections of medieval chants, troubadour songs, madrigals, and oratorios with correct pitch, rhythm, expression and style.  Describe musical elements of given Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music.  Explore other arts and media that portray Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque elements.  Improvise appropriate accompaniment to given Medieval and Renaissance songs.  Create and perform songs in Gregorian and Troubadour styles.  Play simple melodies of a chorale and provide accompaniment. Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 3  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 PRE – ASSESSMENT To assess what you know about the music of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods, answer the following activities. Part I. Guess Who? You will need: Pictures of different composers Name of the composers written in strips of cardboard. Do as Directed: 1. Divide the class into five groups. 2. Each group will take turns in trying to name each composer until all pictures have been named. 3. Write the name of each composer below the picture. NOTE: These pictures may be placed on the board by your teacher. Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 4  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Part II. Guess When? Direction: Classify the items in the box according to the historical period to which it belongs. Write the words in the column below. Gregorian Chants Mass Fugue Concerto Grosso Troubadour Music Oratorio Madrigal Chorale MEDIEVAL PERIOD RENAISSANCE PERIOD BAROQUE PERIOD Music is timeless. Melodies from the past can still be heard today. Tunes may be played differently in the techno Listen– world, to thebutfollowing one thing never changes, “Music will always be part of man‟s everyday life”. songs: 1. Canon Rock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jau8gMtapQo Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Canon in D by Pachelbel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1kGJoGVpOs Last viewed November 7, 2013  Look for other songs which were originally composed during the Medieval, Renaissance or Baroque periods that have been revived today. They may have been used as background music for commercial, movie, ―teleserye―, and other media purposes. REFLECTION: 1. Were you aware that some of those music were composed centuries ago? 2. How was it used as background music? 3. Do you think they were used creatively? Was the music used appropriately? 4. If you were one of the original composers, would you allow your compositions to be used as they are used today? Why or Why not? Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 5  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 WHAT TO KNOW In this module, you will learn the first part of the history of Western music. We will be discussing the characteristic features of each period, composers, historical and cultural backgrounds. Music of the Medieval Period (700 – 1400) The Medieval period is also known as the Middle Ages or ―Dark Ages‖ that started with the fall of the Roman Empire. During this time, the Christian Church influenced Europe’s culture and political affairs. Monophonic plainchant was named after Pope Gregory I, who made this the approved music of the Catholic Church. Pope Gregory’s action made monophonic plainchants popular. Although it was originally transmitted orally, scholars agreed to put it in notation to assist dissemination of chants across Europe. Characteristics of the Gregorian Chants:  monophonic  Free meter  Modal  Usually based on Latin liturgy  Use of Neume notation Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 6  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 The music sheet below is a notated Gregorian Chant written in Neumes: Description: The Introit Gaudeamus Omnes, scripted in square notation. th th Date: 14 century – 15 century Source: wikepedia.org File: Graduale Aboense 2.jpg Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 7  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Listen to the link that features a Gregorian Chant of the Medieval Period http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kK5AohCMX0U. last viewed November 7, 2013 REFLECTION:  After listening to the selection, were you able to identify the characteristics of Gregorian Chants? During the latter part of the Medieval Period, secular music which was not bound by Catholic traditions emerged. Most of these songs were performed across Europe by groups of musicians called Troubadours. Troubadour Music:  Usually monophonic  Sometimes with improvised accompaniment  Tells of chivalry and courtly love  Originated in France  Written in the French language Famous Composer of the Medieval Period: Adam de la Halle France, 1237 - 1288 Adam De La Halle, Miniature in musical codex s. XIII Source: http//picsdigger.com/image/cfd4783 Artist: Unknown Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 8  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Adam de la Halle was also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback). He was the son of a well – known citizen of Arras, Henri de la Halle. He received his education at the Cistercian Abbey of Vaucelles, near Cambral. Adam was destined for the church but he eventually married. His patrons were Robert II, Count of Artois, and Charles of Anjou, brother of Louis IX. Adam was one of the oldest secular composers whose literary and musical works include chansons and poetic debates. He was a trouvére, poet and musician, whose literary and musical works include chansons and jeux- partis (poetic debates) in the style of the trouveres, polyphonic rondel and motets in the style of early liturgical polyphony. His musical play, ―Jeu de Robin et Marion‖ was considered the earliest surviving secular French play with music. His works include: 1. Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion 2. La Chanson du roi de Sicile Listen to the link below that features ― LeJeu de Robin et Marion‖ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHoebp8Vgxs Last viewed November 7, 2013 Music of the Renaissance Period (1400 – 1600) The term ―Renaissance‖ comes from the word ―renaitre‖ which means “rebirth‖, ―revival‖, and ―rediscovery‖. The Renaissance Period is a period of of ―looking back‖ to the Golden Age of Greece and Rome. The invention of printing in the 1400’s paved the way for a wide distribution of renaissance compositions. With the emergence of the bourgeois class, renaissance music became popular as entertainment and activity for amateurs and the educated. Lute was the prominent instrument of the renaissance era. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church started to decline as the new music genre arose. Though sacred music was still of great importance, secular music became more prominent in the renaissance period. This era was also known as the ―golden age‖ of a capella choral music. Other historical facts during this era is the discovery of the actual position of earth in the solar system by Copernicus, the invention of compass creating a wider navigation not only of the lands but also of the oceans, and Martin Luther’s Protestant reformation. Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 9  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Characteristics of Renaissance Music:  Mostly polyphonic  Imitation among the voices is common  Use of word painting in texts and music  Melodic lines move in a flowing manner  Melodies are easier to perform because these move along a scale with a few large leaps Vocal Music of the Renaissance Period 1. Mass – is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music. Characteristics of the Mass:  Polyphonic  May be sung a cappella or with orchestral accompaniment  Text may be syllabic (one note set to each syllable), neumatic (a few notes set to one syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one syllable) Five Main Sections of Mass: 1. Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy) 2. Gloria (Glory to God in the Highest) 3. Credo (I Believe in One God) 4. Sanctus and Benedictus (Holy, holy and Blessed Is He) 5. Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) Listen to the link below that features one of the main sections of the mass. ―Gloria‖ by Joasquin de Prez http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaiXCG0jHB8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 10  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 2. Madrigal - A secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy. It is written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the most important secular form during the Renaissance period. Characteristics of the Madrigal:  Polyphonic  Sung a cappella  Through–composed  Frequently in 3 to 6 voices Listen to ―April Is In My Mistress„ Face” by Thomas Morley REFLECTION: 1. Which music are you familiar with? Why? 2. Which songs can you relate with? Sacred or secular music? Why? Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 11  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Famous Composers of the Renaissance Period 1. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Rome, 1525 - February 2, 1594 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Source: http//xoomer.virgilio.it/senesino/Dei/Palestrina.jpg File: Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina.jpg Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music during the Renaissance period. Majority of his compositions are sacred music. He was committed to sacred music and has a keen interest in satisfying the desires of church leaders in the sixteenth century. Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass is held up as the perfect example of counter - reformation style. Kyrie is part of the first two sections of the Pope Marcellus Mass. His career reflects his commitment to the music of the church. He received his early training and spent the majority of his career in various churches in Rome, including the pope’s chapel. He was as an organist and choir master at both the Sistine Chapel and at St. Peter's which may have influenced his distinctively pure and restrained style in musical compositions. Palestrina also served as an organist in St. Agapito. His first book Masses became popular and was greatly appreciated by Pope Julius III. Palestrina has two sons but lost them both during the plague epidemic that struck Rome in 1570’s. He had planned to become a priest but eventually changed his mind and married a wealthy widow. This improved his wealth and enabled him to pursue a musical career for the rest of his life. Listen to the links below that feature the opening Kyrie Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 12  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 (Excerpt from “Pope Marcellus Mass)  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itKeTpK83IY Last viewed November 7, 2013  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB-i_V9QPt8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Thomas Morley 1557 – 1602 Morley was born in Norwich, East England, the son of a brewer. He was a singer in the local cathedral from his boyhood, and he became master of choristers there in 1583.Thomas Morley was the most famous composer of secular music in his time. He was a singer in the local cathedral during his childhood and was believed to have studied music with William Byrd, an Elizabethan composer of sacred music. He received his Bachelor’s degree in Oxford and became an organist at St. Paul’s in London. He tried imitating Byrd in his early works but veered towards composing madrigals that show a variety of color, form and technique. Most of his madrigals are light and easy to sing with some aspects of Italian style. His Musica Transalpina, a collection of Italian madrigals fitted with English text, was published in 1588 by Nicholas Yonge. Shortly after, he began publishing his own collections of madrigals and made significant contribution to the history of music. His works include:  Fire, Fire, My Heart  Sing and Chant It  Fantasie  April Is In My Mistress‟ Face  It Was A Lover and His Lass Research and listen to Thomas Morley’s works. You may use the following links that feature a madrigal composition “Fire, Fire, My Heart”  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61aEb5Qt6-U Last viewed November 7, 2013  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBWKp4-_w4E Last viewed November 7, 2013 Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 13  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 REFLECTION: 1. Which madrigal did you enjoy more? Why? 2. Based on what you have heard, do you agree that the compositions of Palestrina and Morley reflect their personalities? Why or Why not? Music of the Baroque Period (1685 – 1750) The word Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word ―barroco” which means ―pearl of irregular shape‖. Some of the great composers of this time were George Friedrich Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach, Claudio Monteverdi, and Antonio Vivaldi. During this time, the arts highlighted grandiose and elaborate ornamentation. These were clearly seen in the musical compositions created by Baroque composers. New instrumental techniques and changes in musical notation were developed. Major and minor tonality was also created in this period. A lot of the musical terms and concepts that evolved in this era are still used today. Characteristics of Baroque Music:  Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental  Melodies are not easy to sing or remember  Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony  Dynamic contrast – alternation between loud and soft  Music genres—operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concertó grosso, fugue  Orchestra consists of strings and continuo  Harpsichord and organ are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used  New forms: 1. binary – AB 2. ternary – ABC 3. ground bass 4. fugue Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 14  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Music Genres of Baroque Music 1. Concerto – A form of orchestral music that employs a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra. 2. Concerto Grosso - A form of orchestral music during the Baroque Period wherein the music is between a small group of solo instruments called concertino and the whole orchestra called tutti. Handel’s Concerto Grosso for two violins, cello, strings and basso continuo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a32nicpS3rk Last viewed November 7, 2013 Vivaldi’s Winter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKfuhLCVldg Last viewed November 7, 2013 REFLECTION: 1. Which video did you enjoy the most? Why? 2. What is the most evident difference between the two concertos? 3. Fugue  A contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint ILLUSTRATOR: Please include an illustration of melodic lines in counterpoint  It is usually written in 3 or 4 parts, with a main theme called ―subject‖  The entire piece grows mainly from a single brief tune of strong musical character ILLUSTRATOR: Please include an illustration that may represent the statement above. Access this link through the internet and listen to: Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho9rZjlsyYY Last viewed November 7, 2013 Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 15  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 REFLECTION: 1. Which part did you find interesting? 2. Did you hear melodies that imitate each other? Which part? 3. Do you know any other music where imitative counterpoint is evident? Can you name some titles? 4. Oratorio – a large scale musical composition for orchestra and voices that incorporates narratives on religious themes. Unlike usual theatrical works, this is usually performed without the use of costumes, scenery, or action. It is usually written in the native language for the intended audience. Examples: a. Handel's ―Messiah,‖ ―Samson,‖ ―Israel,‖ and ―Egypt‖ b. Bach’s ―Christmas Oratorio‖ c. Haydn’s ―The Creation‖ Listen to the link below that features Oratorio vs. Opera http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYVGtAJ7ujA Last viewed November 7, 2013 REFLECTION: 1. Which of the characteristics of an Oratorio were seen on the video? 2. What are the major differences of an Oratorio from an Opera? 3. Have the differences been shown clearly? 5. Chorale – musical compositions that resemble a harmonized version of hymnal tunes of the Protestant Church during the Baroque era. Listen to the links below that features: Baroque Chorale http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeBakTvwEes Last viewed November 7, 2013 Chorale trio http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYFPLVrCWDk Last viewed November 7, 2013 Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 16  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 REFLECTION: 1. What is the difference between the two chorales? 2. Have you watched any modern chorale presentation? 3. Can you identify any similarities between the chorales of the Baroque Period and chorales of the present time? Famous Composers of the Baroque Period 1. Johann Sebastian Bach Born: Germany March 21, 1685 Died: July 28, 1750 Johann Sebastian Bach Date: 1746 Source: Unknown Artist: Elias Gottlob Haussmann J.S. Bach came from a family of musicians. He was taught to play violin by his father who was then the town musician in Eisanach. He entered school at age 7 where he was taught religion and other subjects. He became orphaned at age ten. His brother, a church organist provided for him. Bach’s beautiful soprano singing voice helped him to be accepted at a school in Luӥeberg. A few years later, his voice changed and Bach focused his attention to playing the violin and harpsichord. Bach was a religious man. His personal and deep faith is shown in his sacred music. He was known for his compositions for organ, orchestra, and oratorio. His most important and long – term position was as ―cantor” at St. Thomas Church. Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 17  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 His works include:  Concerto Grosso e.g. Brandenburg Concertos (concerto grosso) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw2dlZ8V4-0 Last viewed November 7, 2013  Masses e.g. Mass in B minor  Cantatas e.g. Cantata 208 and 211  Fugues e.g. Fugue in G minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1XD1MSES_8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 Toccata and Fugue in D minor  Works for clavichord and harpsichord e.g. Well-Tempered Clavier (one of his more well- known ketboard improvisations) This link is another version of Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor played on glass harp (musical glass) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKRj-T4l-e8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Antonio Vivaldi Venice, March 4, 1678 to Vienna, July 28, 1741 Antonio Lucio Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Vivaldi , nicknamed il Prete Rosso ("The Red Priest") because of his red hair, was an Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a virtuoso violinist. Recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his lifetime was widespread over Europe. Vivaldi is known mainly for composing instrumental concertos, especially for Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 18  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 the violin, as well as sacred choral works and over forty operas. He entered the priesthood and was ordained in 1703. Vivaldi is well known for giving the strings a major role in his compositions. His most famous piece is The Four Seasons. This composition is a series of four violin concerti depicting each of the seasons, ―Spring,‖ ―Summer,‖ ―Autumn,‖ and ―Winter.‖ Listen to the link below that features “Spring” (one of the four parts of The Four Seasons) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFHPRi0ZeXE Last viewed November 7, 2013 3. George Friedrich Händel Germany, February 23, 1685 London, April 14, 1759 George Händel was the second son from the second marriage of a pastor. Despite his father’s opposition, George secretly taught himself to play the harpsichord. At age 7, he gained access to a church organ and started to play. A Duke heard him play and insisted on giving him a formal music education. Under Zachau, organist of Halle cathedral, he studied counterpoint, canon and fugue. Händel is remembered for his operas and oratorios. Handel became England’s favorite composer. He had given English audiences music that in variety and interest rivalled anything they could remember. Handel lost both of his eyesight in 1753. When he conducted his oratorio, ―Samson,” a few in the audience were unaware that he had lost his eyesight. The Messiah is Hӓndel’s most famous creation and the very well known ―Hallelujah‖ chorus is part of Hӓndel’s Messiah. The Messiah was written in the space of twenty – four days in London but it was in Dublin when The Messiah was first performed and became an instant success. Listen and watch the following link that features the “Hallelujah” chorus from Händel’s Messiah http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c Last viewed November 7, 2013 Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 19  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Individual Assessment I. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. The period when the Christian Church highly influenced culture and political affairs in Europe was the: A. Medieval Period B. Renaissance Period C. Baroque Period 2. A through–composed vocal music composition written and expressed in a poetic text. A. Troubadour Music B. Mass C. Madrigal 3. There are five main sections of the Mass. Which of the following is the only section of Mass with Greek text. A. Kyrie B. Gloria C. Agnus Dei 4. Baroque music is known for its grandiose and elaborate ornamentation. Which of the following Baroque Music forms was developed through imitative counterpoint. A. Concerto Grosso B. Fugue C. Oratorio 5. Refers to the extended musical setting of sacred music. A. Fugue B. Chorale C. Oratorio II. Identify the composer of each selection. (5 pts) _____ 6. Messiah _____ 7. Four Seasons _____ 8. Pope Marcellus Mass _____ 9. Fire, Fire, My Heart _____ 10. Fugue in G minor Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 20  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 WHAT TO PROCESS Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music have distinctive characteristics. The following activities will develop your musical skills as you incorporate the different musical concepts that you have learned in the first part of this module. In the beginning, chants were taught orally. However, as the number of chants increased, singers needed help in remembering the outlines of the melodies. Later, the chants were notated in the manuscript as a single melodic line without accompaniment. Neumes were written above the words to suggest the contour of the melody. Eventually, musical notation of the period was written as square notes on a four–line staff. Listening Activities The following listening activities will help and guide you to experience the beautiful musical compositions and presentations composed during the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods. Be guided by the musical sheets and music selections for each listening activity. Listening Activity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5GtmcHZLHw Last viewed November 7, 2013 Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 21  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 The first part of ―Kyrie Eleison‖, written in neumes, was taken from Liturgical Music Series Part I of highstreethymns.com. A. Write the letter of your answer based on the music selection that you have heard. _____1. Which text – setting style was used? a. Syllabic b. Neumatic c. Melismatic _____ 2. What is the texture? A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic _____ 3. In what language was the selection written? A. Greek B. Latin C. Spanish B. Answer each question and explain why. 1. Is the music sacred vocal form? 2. Was it sung a cappella or with accompaniment? Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 22  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Listening Activity: Listen to the songs in the following pages. Use the chart below to guide you in analyzing the songs. Title: ______________________ Composer: _________________ Era: _____________________ Encircle your answer in the chart below. Elements Description Language Latin Greek English Form Vocal Instrumental Text – Setting Syllabic Neumatic Melismatic Texture Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Song # 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAdcE4OlBHc - Last viewed November 7, 2013 Song # 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c - Last viewed November 7, 2013 Song # 3 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFHPRi0ZeXE - Last viewed November 7, 2013 Illustrator: Pls RE-DRAW ALL the music sheets. Erase the song titles and composer’s names. For clearer view of the music sheets, visit sheetmusicplus.com Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 23  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 SONG # 1 Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 24  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 25  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 SONG # 2 Illustrator: Please RE-DRAW with the text of the whole song. Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 26  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 SONG # 3 Illustrator: Please RE-DRAW with the text of the whole song. WHAT TO UNDERSTAND Musical notation has evolved through time. The following activity will help you understand how to express Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music in a different way. Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 27  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Individual Activity Contour… Factor! 1. Watch the Fugue in G minor as shown in the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1XD1MSES_8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Following the sample above, create your own graphic representation of ―Spring‖ from The Four Seasons 3. Be guided by the checklist below: My Checklist Guide Evident Not Evident 1. Did I draw my lines to move along with the contour of the melody? 2. Did I create variations on the lines used? 3. Are my lines creatively drawn along with other lines? Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 28  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Group Activity Name that Song! You will need: Recorded selections from Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Era. Buzzer, Scoreboard and audio aids. Procedure: 1. Divide the class into three. (Note: The number of group depends on the number of students in the class) 2. A recorded selection will be played. 3. First group to buzz in will have the chance to name the title and the composer of the song heard. 4. The following points will be awarded for each correct answer. Title of the Song / Selection = 2 points Composer = 1 point 5. In case of a wrong answer, the group will be deducted 2 points. 6. Procedure will continue until all prepared songs have been played. 7. The group with the highest point wins the game. Score Board Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Song # 1 Song # 2 Song # 3 Song # 4 Song # 5 TOTAL Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 29  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 WHAT TO PERFORM The following activities will showcase your talent and what you have learned about Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music. Activity # 5 Winter Duo! 1. Listen to an excerpt from the Largo of Vivaldi’s ―Winter‖ Concerto. To the illustrator: Insert Music score 2. You can choose to the theme/themes of the piece or play the music using recorder or piano. Additional accompaniment may be used for texture enhancement purposes. Part I Melody Part II Accompaniment Criteria 5 pts 4 pts 3 pts 2 pts 1 pt 0 pts Appropria Fluctuates Fluctuates Mostly Not Cannot Tempo te slightly much wrong appropriate play Consisten Fluctuates Fluctuates Mostly Not Cannot Steady Beat t slightly much wrong appropriate play Melodic No A few Many Mostly Consistently Cannot Pattern mistakes mistakes mistakes wrong wrong play Played Played Played Played with with very Played with Stage with good with Cannot excellent good less Presence confidenc confidenc play confidenc confidenc confidence e e e e Overall Pretty Cannot Superior Very Good Fair Poor Presentation Good play Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 30  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 Group Activity Move to the Music!!! 1. Your class will be divided into seven groups. 2. Your teacher will assign a segment of the following compositions: Gregorian Chant in Medieval Period Fire, Fire, Fire My Heart by Thomas Morley Toccata and Fugue in D minor by Johann S. Bach Concerto Grosso for two violins, cello, strings and basso continuo by Handel Pope Marcellus Mass by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Hallelujah by George F. Handel Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi 3. Your group must come up with movements to interpret the assigned musical selection. Criteria Choreography 5 Points Coordination of Movements 5 Points Timing 5 Points Expression and Execution of 5 Points Movements Interpretation of Music 5 Points TOTAL 25 Points Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 31  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 1 GLOSSARY Cantus Firmus – also known as ―fixed song‖ or a pre-existing melody which forms the basis of a polyphonic composition Monophony – music consisting of a single melodic line without chordal accompaniment; it is the oldest type of music Polyphony – music consisting of several (two or more) melodic lines, each having individual significance and independence Sacred music – music that was specifically written for use in religious services Secular music – music that was composed for purposes other than religious Through-composed – songs in which there is new music to each stanza; the opposite of strophic Tonality – system where the musical piece is based on a key center REFERENCES Books Burkholder,Peter, et.al. ( ) Norton Anthology of Western Music. Vol.1: Ancient to Baroque 5th Edition. Kamien, Roger ( ).Music Appreciation.9 th Edition. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Wright, Craig. (2013) The Essential Listening to Music, 6th Edition. Yale University. Website http://www.anthonyjosephlanman.com/?p=580&cpage=1#comment-18642 www.onlinesheetmusic.com Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 32  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Classical Music Page 31  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Time allotment: 8 hours LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner … Demonstrates understanding of the characteristics and features of the music of the Classical period PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner … Sings and performs themes of symphonies and other instrumental forms Classical Music Page 32  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 INTRODUCTION: In this module, you will learn the historical and cultural background of the Classical era. In the history of Western music, the term Classical refers to the period from 1750-1820. During this time, there were significant changes in musical forms and style distinguishing the music from those of the previous era. New music forms emerged such as sonata, concerto, and symphony. The development of the Sonata form led to more large-scale works and other long instrumental compositions such as symphonies, concertos and overtures. In this module, you will also learn of the development of classical opera such as the Opera Seria and Opera Buffa which became popular among the different social classes. The life and music of Franz Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig Van Beethoven, the three greatest and most famous composers of the Classical era will be discussed in the following pages. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the module you, as a learner, are expected to:  Narrate the life and works of classical composers after video and movie showing  Relate classical music to its historical and cultural background  Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) during classical period  Listen perceptively to selected classical period music  Describe the musical elements of given classical period pieces  Analyze the sonata allegro form  Sing themes or melodic fragments of given classical period pieces  Explore other arts and media that portray classical elements  Improvise appropriate accompaniment to given short and simple classical pieces Classical Music Page 33  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 PRE-ASSESSMENT: Identify the term being described. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on the space provided. _____ 1. A musical work with different movements for an instrumental soloist and orchestra a. SYMPHONY c. CONCERTO b. SONATA d. RONDO _____ 2. A section of the sonata allegro form where the themes are introduced a. EXPOSITION c. RECAPITULATION b. DEVELOPMENT d. THEME AND VARIATION _____ 3. The general texture of Classical music a. MONOPHONIC c. HETEROPHONIC b. HOMOPHONIC d. POLYPHONIC _____ 4. The term for serious opera a. OPERA c. OPERA BUFFA b. COMIC OPERA d. OPERA SERIA _____5. The most important form that was developed during the classical era and usually the form of the first movement of a sonata or symphony a. MINUET c. RONDO b. SONATA ALLEGRO d. SYMPHONY _____ 6. It repeats the themes as they first emerged in the opening exposition a. EXPOSITION c. RECAPITULATION b. DEVELOPMENT d. SONATA _____ 7. A musical composition designed to be played by the full orchestra a. SYMPHONY c. CONCERTO b. SONATA d. CANTATA _____ 8. The term for Italian opera a. OPERA c. OPERA BUFFA b. COMIC OPERA d. OPERA SERIA _____9. It is a multi-movement work for solo instrument a. SYMPHONY c. CONCERTO b. SONATA d. CANTATA _____10. It is called “The Age of Reason” a. MEDIEVAL c. BAROQUE b. RENAISSANCE d. CLASSICAL Classical Music Page 34  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 REFLECTION: 1. List down all the musical terms you are familiar with. 2. What do you know about Classical era? 3. Write down what you want to know at the end of this module: I would like to know about ________________ I would like to understand ________________ I would like to perform ___________________ Nowadays, people listen to current and new musical genres such as pop, rock, R & B, and other 20th century music and are unaware of the music of the past. Let us listen to some selected music of the Classical Period. Suggested listening resources o W.A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o o W. A. Mozart Rock version of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OL0T-q50s9A o W. A. Mozart Jazz version Eine Kleine Nachtmusik http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wY9P5z3CQ10 Classical Music Page 35  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 WHAT TO KNOW In this part of the module, you will be provided with information about the historical background, instrumental and vocal music, and the great composers of the classical period. MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750-1820) The classical era, also called “Age of Reason”, is the period from 1750- 1820. The cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made. In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility. Important historical events that occurred in the West during this era were the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the American Revolution. The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified. The same characteristics may also describe the melodies of classical music. Harmony and texture is homophonic in general. The dynamics of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of crescendo and diminuendo. A style of broken chord accompaniment called, Alberti Bass was practiced. The great composers of the period were: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig Van Beethoven. Sonata, Concerto, and Symphony are the instrumental forms developed during this era while Opera Seria and Opera Buffa are the two vocal forms. Classical Music Page 36  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: “WORD MAZE” Pick the words from the maze that relate to the classical period. Write your answer on the blanks. Mozart Alberti Bass Polyphonic Beethoven Madrigal Sonata Bach Opera Buffa Concerto Homophonic Haydn Symphony Oratorio Opera Seria 1. _______________ 6. _______________ 2, _______________ 7. _______________ 3. _______________ 8. _______________ 4. _______________ 9. _______________ 5. _______________ 10. ______________ Classical Music Page 37  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Works of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are still popular today. Their compositions are now commonly used as music to animated series of popular cartoon companies such as Looney Toons, Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, Pixar, etc. Beethoven’s music was used in one of the films for children and Little Einstein’s animated series also features the music of the great composers Beethoven, Haydn and Mozart. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: “Music & Match” Listen to each recording then match the title of the cartoon show/movie in column B to the title of the music in column A. Write your answer on the blank before each number. A B ___1. Piano Sonata No 11 in A major (Rondo) 3rd mov. a. Mr. Bean ___2. Piano Sonata no 14 in C#m (Moonlight) 1st mov. b. Little Einstein’s ___3. Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, Cm c. Tom & Jerry ___4. Fur Elise d. Popeye ___5. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik e. The Ring f. Backyardigan Classical Music Page 38  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 COMPOSERS OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD: Image painted by Thomas Hardy (1791), currently located at College of Music Museum of Instruments, downloaded from Wikimedia.org FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809) Franz Joseph Haydn is one of the most prominent composers of the classical period. His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story. He came from a poor family and his music led to his rise in social status. He was hired by rich patrons and eventually became a musical director for the Esterhazy family for 30 years. His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but with touches of humor. He was able to compose over 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for a large orchestra. He was named, “Father of the Symphony” although he excelled in every music genre of the period. Most of his symphonies have nicknames such as the “Surprise Symphony”, “The Clock”, “The Military”. He also wrote chamber piano music and choral works. Suggested listening resources for Haydn’s instrumental works o F.J. Haydn Symphony No.94 in G Major "Surprise” 2nd movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI o F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 101 in D major, “The Clock” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1L6p4B2hBs o F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 100 in G major, “Military” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGyGBRXfy10 Classical Music Page 39  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Image painted by Barbara Krafft (1819), photo taken by Otto Erich (1965) from Mozart: A Documentary Biography. Stanford University Press. Downloaded from Wikimedia.org WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history. At age five, he was already playing the violin and the harpsichord; at six, he was recognized as an exceptional pianist and, at seven, he was already composing excellent music. At age thirteen, he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas and operettas. He experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works. Unfortunately, due to mismanaged finances he lived his life in poverty, died young and was buried in an unknown grave. He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and opera such as “The Marriage of Figaro” (1786), “Don Giovanni (1789), and “The Magic Flute” which became popular. Other known works: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, Symphony No. 40 in G Major, and Sonata No. 11 in A Major K311. Suggested listening resources for Mozart’s instrumental works: o W. A, Mozart Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545 (so-called facile or semplice sonata) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi_E-Hu_Rb0 o W. A. Mozart: Piano Sonata No. 11, K331 in A Major, 1st mov. (Andante grazioso) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24_4VUU4qqM Classical Music Page 40  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 o W.A. Mozart Symphony No. 40 in G minor, 1st mov. (Molto Allegro) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l45DAuXYSIs o W. A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o Image painted by Joseph Kal Stieler (1820) currently located at Beethoven Haus, downloaded from Wikimedia.org. LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827) Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany to a family of musicians and studied music at an early age. He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era. He was a talented pianist and composer. His famous compositions include 32 piano sonatas, 21 set of variations, 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 16 string quartets and choral music. His works include the “Missa Solemnis” (1818-1823) and opera “Fidelio” (1805). His known symphonies are: Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral), which adds voices to the orchestra. He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance. He continued composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget. Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf. Classical Music Page 41  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Characteristics of Beethoven’s works: - His music veered toward larger orchestras. - Sound was centered on the violas and lower registers of the violins and cellos to give his music a darker mood. - All themes in a piece are tied together by one motif. - He developed musical themes and motifs extensively by means of modulation - He used more brass instruments and dynamics Suggested listening resources for Beethoven’s instrumental works: o L. V. Beethoven Piano Sonata no 14 in c sharp minor (Moonlight) 1st mov. Op. 27 no 2 (adagio sostenuto) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmVCcF42f-0 o L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major op. 15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFfUcQQbwsE o L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major op. 73 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYl6iI4l9gA o L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, C Minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqvLfMigm3I Rock version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9EICNAvc1Q o L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, d minor “Choral” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6E3xem_c2w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq-3B6xfNpY In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility. Classical Music Page 42  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC SONATA A multi-movement work for solo instrument, Sonata came from the word “Sonare” which means to make a sound. This term is applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin. Below is an excerpt from the 3 movements of the Sonata No. 16 in C Major K545 by W.A. Mozart. Listen to each phrase of the movement. 1st Movement: Allegro – fast movement Albeti Bass 2nd Movement: Slow tempo: (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional. Classical Music Page 43  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 3rd Movement: Minuet: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo. SONATA ALLEGRO FORM The most important form that developed during the classical era consists of 3 distinct sections: Exposition, Development and Recapitulation. 1. Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme 2. Development is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed Classical Music Page 44  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 3. Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition To the Illustrator: Add a diagram to show parts of sonata allegro and sonata CONCERTO Concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. It is a classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer. The solo instruments in classical concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn and piano. A concerto has three movements: fast, slow, and fast. 3 movements: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist. 2nd Movement: Slow: Has more ornamentation than the First movement. 3rd Movement: Fast: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used. Classical Music Page 45  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Below is an excerpt of the 1st musical score of the 1st movement of the “Emperor” concerto by Beethoven Note that the solo instrument here is the piano. Classical Music Page 46  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 To the Illustrator: Mark the parts played by identified instruments and number each measure. Classical Music Page 47  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Classical Music Page 48  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Classical Music Page 49  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Classical Music Page 50  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 SYMPHONY A multi-movement work for orchestra, the symphony is derived from the word “Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”. It is a classical music for the whole orchestra, generally in four movements. 4 movements of the symphony: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form 2nd Movement: Slow : gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation rd 3 Movement: Medium/Fast: uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo) 4th Movement: Fast: typically Rondo or Sonata form Below is an example of theme from “Surprise Symphony” by Haydn As the 18th century progressed, instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility which led to the rise of public taste for “comic opera”. The music was mostly of a simple yet pleasant character, while the singing was highly flexible and sensitive and could freely express emotion through melody. Classical Music Page 51  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 CLASSICAL OPERA Opera is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. The two distinct styles of opera, Opera Seria and Opera Buffa, were developed during the Classical Period. The Opera Seria (serious opera) usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters, which was inherited from the Baroque period. “Idomeneo” by Mozart is an example of Opera Seria. The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of everyday characters and situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire. “The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “The Magic Flute” are examples of popular Opera Buffa by Mozart. Suggested listening / viewing resources: o “Queen of the Night” (an aria from “The Magic Flute”) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzMScwFKIfk o Excerpt from Mozart's "The Magic Flute" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc4VT0CId54 o Excerpts from “Don Giovani” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w08bx7NZ62E o W. A. Mozart “Idomeneo” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHK4yfM54eo WHAT TO PROCESS The lists of activities are provided for you to have a deeper understanding and appreciation of Classical music. The activities will also help you develop your ability to analyze music through listening. But first, let’s have a recap on Classical music. The music of the Classical era has a lighter and clearer texture. It is mainly homophonic. The melody is simple and easy to remember. There is extensive use of dynamics; phrases are very regular and of the same length. Listening to Classical music might not be your choice because most of you would rather sing songs or listen to music which for you would give enjoyment and would make you feel good. But without you knowing it, sometimes you are already actually singing or listening to Classical music. Classical Music Page 52  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Let us see if you can still recognize some of the music that will be used in the following activities. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: Procedure: Describe the music of W.A. Mozart’s Piano Sonata No 11 in A major K 331 (Rondo) 3rd movement and answer the questions below. 1. What is the meter? 2. What is the tempo? 3. What dynamics were used? 4. What is the texture? Reflection Questions: (for group sharing) 1. Describe the melody. (direction, range, register, phrases, etc.) 2. Is this music familiar to you? Where did you first hear it? GROUP ACTIVITY: Procedure: 1. Listen to each selected music from the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical period 2. Describe each musical piece 3. In the chart next page, put a check in the box of the corresponding characteristic element Classical Music Page 53  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 COMPOSITION TITLE OF THE DYNAMICS MELODY TEMPO PERIOD IN TEXTURE MUSIC Renaissance Homophonic Monophonic Mostly Loud Polyphonic Mostly Soft Moderate Classical Complex Baroque /Tuneful Simple Slow Fast John Dowland Fine Knacks for Ladies G. F. Handel Halleluia Chorus L. V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, D Minor “Choral” Symphony No. 9 REFLECTION: 1. Describe and differentiate the elements of the 3 compositions. 2. Which music is familiar to you? Where did you hear it? 3. Among the three compositions, which did you like the most? Why? Classical Music Page 54  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 GROUP ACTIVITY: “NAME THAT TUNE” Procedure: 1. Divide yourselves into 4 groups 2. Listen to the given composition 3. Identify whether it is a Sonata, a Concerto or a Symphony 4. Choose your group representative who will write the answer on the board 5. Each correct answer is equivalent to 1 point. (Additional 1 point will be given to your group if you will be able to identify the title and another 1 point for the name of the composer) 6. The group with the highest score wins the game. Reflection: (for group sharing) 1. Which among the compositions are you familiar with? 2. How were you able to determine whether the music is a Sonata, a Concerto or a Symphony? 3. Which do you prefer: listening to classical music or to pop music? Why? INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: “Music Analysis” Procedure: 1. Listen to Eine Kleine Nachtmusik by W. A. Mozart 2. As you listen to the music, follow the musical score on the next page (opt.: To follow the musical score you may tap the beat counting 4 for each measure) 3. Each measure has a number on top of the staff. Encircle the measure where the exposition, development and recapitulation starts and ends. Write the number of the measure on the blanks EXPOSITION _______________ DEVELOPMENT ____________ RECAPITULATION __________ Classical Music Page 55  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 1 2 3 4 Classical Music Page 56  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Classical Music Page 57  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Classical Music Page 58  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Classical Music Page 59  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 ACTIVITY: FILM VIEWING: You will be watching one of the films below AMADEUS BEETHOVEN IMMORTAL BELOVED BEETHOVEN LIVES UPSTAIRS Reflection Questions: (Share with the group and then with the class) 1. What is the movie all about? 2. Who are the main characters? 3. When and where was the story set? 4. Who is your favorite character in the movie? Why? 5. What part of the film did you like best? Why? 6. Analyze the use of music in the film. Did it enhance the filmmaker’s story? 7. What did you learn from the story? 8. What are the great qualities/traits of the composer that inspire you? WHAT TO UNDERSTAND Music of the Classical Era is usually associated with the nobility. During that time most of the members of the nobility would financially support the musicians. Music was played in the courts which make the music of the classical era more familiar to the nobility than the lower classes. This association of the rich and Classical music is still being experienced in some parts of the world. However, with the dawn of radio and TV, classical music may now be experienced by the masses. In this stage, you are given the opportunities to have a deeper understanding of the importance of Classical music. The given activities here will also give you a chance to show and enhance your talents through composition and performance. Classical Music Page 60  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 GROUP ACTIVITY: “Commercial Break” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 4 groups. 2. Each group will be assigned to advertise a product of your own choice wherein classical music will be used as background music. 3. You will perform in front of the class. Criteria for grading: 1. Choice of music (must be a Classical Period piece and appropriate for the product) --------- 30% 2. Originality (use of own concept) --------- 40% 3. Creativity (use of props, costumes) --------- 30% TOTAL 100% GROUP ACTIVITY: “STORY SINGING” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 4 groups. 2. Each group will create an original story and turn it into a song by adapting a tune or music (of their choice) of the Classical era. 3. You can create or improvise an instrumental or rhythmic accompaniment for your song. 4. You will perform in front of the class. Criteria for grading: 1. Choice of music (must be classical and appropriate) --------- 30% 2. Originality (content of lyrics) --------- 30% 3. Voice Quality (pitch, projection) --------- 40% TOTAL 100% Classical Music Page 61  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 WHAT TO PERFORM At this stage you will showcase your creativity and talents through performance such as singing, acting, dancing as well as directing and creative writing. GROUP ACTIVITY: “On Stage” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 3 groups. 2. Each group will create a short musical production (30 minutes) on either the life of Haydn, Mozart or Beethoven. 3. Use the music/compositions of your chosen composer as your background, accompaniment for your dance, and song. 4. Your group can create or improvise an instrumental accompaniment. RUBRIC Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 1. All instructions Most of the Some of the At all times Hardly Never were followed time time Good Can sing but Good Cannot singing has a hard 2. Singing (Voice singing sing but Cannot sing voice but time quality) voice and can hum a at all sometimes following the sing in tune few lines not in tune tune Can dance Can 3. Dancing (Grace Can dance Can dance but dance but well and in and in sometimes Can hardly and synch with synch with not in synch not in dance Synchronization) synch with the music the music with the the music music 4. Acting and Needs Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Directing Improvement 5. Over all Needs Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Production Improvement TOTAL POINTS: _____________ Classical Music Page 62  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 GROUP ACTIVITY: “Sing it to the Classic!” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 3 groups. 2. Each group will create a short poem with a theme on the Classical Era (opt.) or any theme of their choice. 3. Your group will recite or rap the poem and use music of the Classical Period as your accompaniment. (Example: melody of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9, “Ode to Joy”) 4. You will perform in front of the class. RUBRIC Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 Most of the Some of the At all times Hardly Never 1. All instructions time time were followed Good Good Can sing but Cannot singing singing has a hard sing but Cannot sing voice and voice but time 2. Singing (Voice can hum a at all singing in sometimes following the quality) few lines tune out of tune tune Needs Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair 3. Originality of Improvement Composition Needs Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair 5. Over all Improvement Performance TOTAL POINTS: _____________ Classical Music Page 63  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 SUMMARY At the end of the unit, you must have knowledge of the following concept. Classical music refers to the period from 1750-1820. It is also known as the “Age of Reason” or “Age of Enlightenment” because reason and individualism rather than tradition were emphasized in this period. During this period, different instrumental forms of music were developed. These were sonata, concerto and symphony. The three greatest and most popular composers of the period are: Franz Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig Van Beethoven. GLOSSARY Alberti Bass - a special type of broken chord accompaniment where the chord is played in this order: lowest note - highest note - middle note - highest note then repeats the pattern to create a smooth, sustained, flowing sound Allegro - quickly, in a brisk lively manner Andante - in a moderately slow tempo Cadenza - an improvised passage or ornamentation performed by a soloist or group of soloists that allows a display of virtuosity often placed near the end of a piece. Cantata - a choral composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements. Classical era - the period from 1750-1820 called the Age of Reason. Concerto - a major instrumental work for solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment Crescendo - gradually becoming louder Diminuendo - gradually becoming softer Development - middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed Exposition - the first part of a composition that introduces the themes that will be developed through the piece Homophonic - a melody accompanied by chords Classical Music Page 64  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Largo - a very slow tempo. Minuet - a slow, stately ballroom dance for two in triple time. Opera - a drama set to music Opera buffa - opera in Italy that is full of fun and frivolity Opera comique - comic opera in France, Opera Seria - an opera based on a serious plot that usually revolves around mythological beings such as gods and goddesses Recapitulation - a part of a musical piece, found usually near the end, that repeats the earlier themes Rondo - a musical form that alternates the main theme and its contrasting themes usually found in the final movement of a sonata or concerto Scherzo - a vigorous, light, or playful composition comprising a movement in a symphony or sonata. Singspiel - 18th century German musical comedy featuring songs and ensembles interspersed with dialogue. Sonata - any instrumental composition that has several movements with variation in key, mood, or tempo Symphony - a musical composition for the whole orchestra generally in four movements; also a sonata for orchestra. Theme and Variation - a musical form where the theme is presented in a simple unadorned manner then repeats the theme several times with ornamentations REFERENCES Books Perez, V. V. et al. (2008). MAPEH-CAT IV. Quezon City: St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation. Wright, Craig. (2013). The Essential Listening to Music, 6th ed.. Canada: Schirmer Cengage Learning. Wright, Craig. (2008, 2004). Listening to Music, 5th ed.. Belmont, CA., USA: Thompson Higher Education. Classical Music Page 65  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Websites http://library.thinkquest.org/27927/Classical_concerto.htm Retrieved: Nov. 5, 2013 http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/c/ca/IMSLP94587-PMLP01855- http://www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-music.php?pdf=23862 Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://www.ask.com/question/opera-seria Retrieved: Nov. 4 2013 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Wolfgang-amadeus mozart_1.jpg Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beethoven.jpg Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haydn_portrait_by_Thomas_Hardy_(small).jpg Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-music.php?pdf=23862 Retrieved: Feb. 16, 2014 file:///C:/Users/mean/Desktop/Mozart_Piano_Sonata_K_545.pdf Retrieved: Feb. 16, 2014 Suggested listening resources: W. A. Mozart Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545 (so-called facile or semplice sonata) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi_E-Hu_Rb0 (retrieved 11/5/13) W. A. Mozart - Piano Sonata No 11 in A major K 331 (Rondo) 3rd movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rgq3OTSRVBc (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart Piano concerto n. No. 21 in C major, K.467 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1bMPi2aw1A (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G minor, 1st movement (Molto Allegro) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l45DAuXYSIs (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o (ret. 11/6/13) Rock version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OL0T-q50s9A (ret. 11/5/13) Jazz version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wY9P5z3CQ10 (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart Queen of the Night (an aria from The Magic Flute) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzMScwFKIfk (ret. 11/5/13) Classical Music Page 66  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 2 Excerpt from Mozart's "The Magic Flute" (ret. 11/5/13) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc4VT0CId54 W. A. Mozart excerpts from Don Giovani http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w08bx7NZ62E (ret, 11/513) W. A. Mozart exceprts from Idomeneo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHK4yfM54eo (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Piano Sonata no 14 in c sharp minor (Moonlight) 1st movement op. 27 no. 2 (adagio sostenuto) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmVCcF42f-0 (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major op. 15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFfUcQQbwsE (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major op. 73 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYl6iI4l9gA (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, C Minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqvLfMigm3I (ret. 11/7/13) Rock version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9EICNAvc1Q (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, D Minor “Choral” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6E3xem_c2w (ret. 11/7/13) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq-3B6xfNpY (ret. 11/7/13) F.J. Haydn Symphony No.94 in G Major "Surprise” 2 nd movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 101 in D major, “The Clock” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1L6p4B2hBs (ret. 11/7/13) F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 100 in G major, “Military” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGyGBRXfy10 (ret. 11/7/13) John Dowland Fine Knacks for Ladies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dabqyiJZN0c (ret. 2/19/14) G. F. Handel Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c (ret. 2/19/14) Classical Music Page 67  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 3 RO ROMANTIC MUSIC Page 64  GRADE 9 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL Unit 3 Time allotme