MUSIC-9-LESSONS-1ST-QT.pdf

MUSIC Prepared by: Mr. Jaime Jr. S. Atienza  Learning Objectives: Describes the musical elements of selected vocal and instrumental music of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music  Music of Medieval Period (700 – 1400)  Music of Medieval Period Also know...

MUSIC Prepared by: Mr. Jaime Jr. S. Atienza  Learning Objectives: Describes the musical elements of selected vocal and instrumental music of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music  Music of Medieval Period (700 – 1400)  Music of Medieval Period Also known as the Middle Ages or “Dark Ages” Started with the fall of Roman Empire The Christian Church influenced Europe’s culture and political affairs  Sacred Music Music that was Pope Gregory I specifically written for use in religious services 1. Monophonic Plainchant Music of the Catholic Church during Medieval Period It was originally transmitted orally, scholars agreed to put it in notation to assist dissemination of chants across Europe Gregorian Chant Characteristics of Gregorian Chant 1. Monophonic 2. Free Meter 3. Modal 4. Usually based on Latin Liturgy 5. Use of Neume Notation  Secular Music Music that was composed for purposes other than Troubadours - Musicians religion Characteristics of Troubadour Music Usually Monophonic Sometimes with improvised accompaniment Tells of Chivalry and Courtly Love Originated in France Written in French Language Famous Composer of the Medieval Period  Adam de la Halle 1237 - 1288 Adam de la Bossu (Adam the Hunchback Was born in France Family Background He was son of well citizen: Arras de la Halle: Mother Henri de la Halle: Father Educational Background Cistercian Abbey of Vaucelles  Adam de la Halle 1237 - 1288 Adam was destined for the church but he eventually married Adam was one of the oldest secular composers during Medieval period Patrons Robert II, Count of Artois, Charles of Anjou, Brother of Louis IX  Music of Renaissance Period (1400 – 1600) The term Renaissance comes from the word Renaitre which means “Rebirth,” “Revival,” and “Rediscovery.” The Renaissance Period is a period of “looking back” to the Golden Age of Greece and Rome. This era was also known as the “Golden Age” of a capella music The invention of printing in the 1400s paved the way for a wide distribution of Renaissance compositions. With the emergence of bourgeois class, renaissance music became popular as entertainment and activity for amateurs and educated.  Lute was the prominent instrument of renaissance era. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church started to decline as the new music genre arose. Though sacred music was still great importance, secular music became more prominent in the renaissance period.  Characteristics of Renaissance Music 1. Mostly polyphonic 2. Imitation among the voices is common 3. Use of word painting in texts and music 4. Melodic Lines move in a flowing manner 5. Melodies are easier to perform because these move a long a scale with a few large leaps  Vocal Music of Renaissance Period 1. Mass Music – is a form of sacred musical composition that set texts of Eucharistic liturgy into music. Characteristics of the Mass 1. Polyphonic 2. May be sung a capella or with orchestral accompaniment 3. Text may be syllabic (one notes set to each syllable), nuematic (a few notes set to one syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one syllable)  Five Section of Mass music 1. Kyrie – Lord Have Mercy 2. Gloria – Glory to God in the highest 3. Credo Apostles Creed / Nicaean Creed 4. Sanctus and Benedictus – Holy, Holy / Blessed is He 5. Agnus Dei – Lamb of God  1. Madrigal – A secular vocal polyphonic music Composition which originated from Italy. It was written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during courtly social gathering. It is the most important secular from during the Renaissance period Characteristics of Madrigal 1. Polyphonic 2. Sung a cappella 3. Through-composed 4. Frequently 3 – 6 voices Famous Composer of the Renaissance Period  Giovanni Pierluigi de Palestrina Rome 1525 –1594 Greatest Roman Catholic Church Musician Majority of his composition is sacred music Counter Reformation Style  Giovanni Pierluigi de Palestrina “Masses” – First book of Giovanni Kyrie “Mass Music”  Thomas Morley Norwich East England 1557 – 1602 He was a singer in the local cathedral from his boyhood and he became master of choristers in 1583. “Famous Secular music Composer” Local Cathedral Singer  Thomas Morley He received his Bachelor degree in Oxford with William Byrd and became an organist at St. Paul Cathedral in London. “Musica Transalpina” – Collection of Italian Madrigals fitted with English text (1588 – Nicholas Yonge)  Thomas Morley Musical Works: 1. Fire, Fire my Heart 2. Sing and Chant It 3. Fantasie 4. April is in my Mistress’ Face 5. It was a lover and his lass  Music of Baroque Period (1685 - 1750)  Music of Baroque Period The word Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word Barroco which means “Pearl with irregular Shape” During this time, the arts highlighted grandiose and elaborate ornamentation New instrumental techniques and changes in musical notation were developed  Music of Baroque Period Major and minor tonality was also created in this period A lot of musical terms and concepts that evolved in this era are still used today  Characteristics of Baroque Music 1. Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental 2. Melodies are not easy to sing or remember 3. Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony 4. Dynamic contrast – alteration between loud and soft  Characteristics of Baroque Music 5. Orchestra consists of strings and continuo 6. Harpsichord and organ are keyboard instruments that are commonly used 7. New Forms: Binary (AB), Ternary (ABC), Ground Bass, and Fugue Music Genres of Baroque Period  1. Concerto A form of orchestral music that employs a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra.  2. Concerto Grosso A form of orchestral music during the Baroque Period wherein the music is between a small group of Solo instruments concertino and the whole orchestra called tutti  3. Fugue Is a contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint It is usually written in 3 – 4 parts, with a main theme called “subject”  4. Oratorio A large scale musical composition for orchestra and voices that incorporates narratives on religious themes.  5. Chorale Musical compositions that resemble a harmonized version of hymnal of the Protestant Church during Baroque Era  Famous Composers of Baroque Period Johann Sebastian Bach March 21 1685 – July 28 Music Compositions 17, 50 Composer, musician, cantor Concerto Grosso – and religious man Brandenburg Concerto Came from a family of Mass – Mass in B minor musician Cantata – Cantata 208 7yrs/old – he know how to and 211 play violin Fugue – Fugue in G 7yrs/old – he enter in Minor school of music - Toccata in Fugue D 10yrs/old – he know how to minor play organ Antonio Vivaldi March 4, 1678 – July 28 1741 Also known as il Prete Music Composition Rosso “The Red Priest” Italian Baroque The Four Season Composer - Spring, Summer, The Greatest Baroque Autumn and Winter Composers George Friedrich Handel February 23, 1685 – April 14, 1759 Second son from the second marriage pastor 7yrs/old – He know how to play church organ and Music Composition start his first formal education in music. Samson England's Favorite Hallelujah Composer End of Discussion Prepared by: Mr. Jaime Jr. S. Atienza