Murmurs PDF
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Uploaded by SuperiorAntigorite4686
LMU College of Dental Medicine
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Summary
This document provides an overview of heart murmurs, categorizing them based on their timing and characteristics. It explains how different types of heart murmurs are evaluated and diagnosed.
Full Transcript
Murmurs • Evaluated by auscultation • Sound in addition to closing valve sounds • Determine cardiac disease and severity • Frequency and prediction depend on type of cardiac lesion • Evaluated on 5 characteristics: o Loudness or intensity o Timing w cardiac cycle o Location on thorax o Radiation fro...
Murmurs • Evaluated by auscultation • Sound in addition to closing valve sounds • Determine cardiac disease and severity • Frequency and prediction depend on type of cardiac lesion • Evaluated on 5 characteristics: o Loudness or intensity o Timing w cardiac cycle o Location on thorax o Radiation from point of maximum intensity o Change in intensity with movement Chest Pain • Discomfort around chest, lower neck, shoulders Dysrhythmias • Conduction system abnormality • Abnormal rhythm w poor cardiac function Syncope • Loss of consciousness (sometimes assc w muscle tone) for less than 1 min • Not all causes are cardiac Normal Murmurs • Still’s Murmur: Benign systolic ejection murmur from turbulent flow in LV outflow tract • Pulmonary Flow Murmur: Murmur from turbulence in RV outflow tract • Supraclavicular Flow Murmur: Turbulent flow from arterial branches off aortic arch • Venous Hum: Turbulent flow from jugular veins and superior vena cava • Mammary souffle (pregnant/lactating): Turbulent blood flow in dilated breast blood vessels Pathologic Murmurs • Diastolic o Aortic Regurgitation: Early diastolic, decrescendo, high-pitched “blowing” murmur. o Mitral Stenosis: Follows opening snap (OS). Delayed rumbling mid-to-late murmur. • Continuous o Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Continuous machinelike murmur, best heard at left infraclavicular area • Systolic o Aortic stenosis: Crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur, loudest at heart base. o Mitral/tricuspid regurgitation: Holosystolic, high-pitched “blowing” murmur. Loudest at apex, radiates to axilla o Mitral valve prolapse: Late crescendo murmur with midsystolic click (MC) that occurs after carotid pulse. Best heard over apex. Loudest just before S2. o Ventricular septal defect: Holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur. Loudest at tricuspid area.
