The Mughal Empire PDF

I - f...

I - f t The Mughal Empire India C WffY IT IWTEIS NOW I G POWER AND AUTHORITY The The legacy of great art and Mughal Sikh Mughal Empire broug ht Turks, deep social division left by the Babur Shah Jahan Persians, and Indians togeth er Mughal Empire still influences Akbar Taj Mahal in a vast empir e. south ern Asia. Aurangzeb SETTING THE STAGE The Gupta Empi re crumbled in the late 400s. First, Huns from Central Asia invaded. Then, beginning in the 700's, warlike Muslim tribes from Central Asia carved northwestern India into many small kingd oms. The people who invaded descended from Musl im Turks and Afghans. Their leader was a descendant of Timur the Lame and of the Mong ol conqu eror Genghis Khan. They called themselves Mua:hals, which means "Mon gols." The land they invaded had been through a long period of turmo il. Early History of the Mughals i@ffl'T;"'d®ii!ii I~ _TAKING NOTES - The 8th century began with a long clash between Hindus of many kingdoms. For almost 300 years, the Muslims were and Musl ims in this land Use the graphic organizer able to advance only as far as the lndus River valley. Starting around the year online to take notes on l 000, however, well- Mughal emperor.. and trained Turkish armies swept into lndia. Led by Sultan Mahm ud (muh MOO D) of their successes. Ghazni, they devastated lndian cities and temples in 17 brutal campaigns. These attacks left the region weakened and vulnerable to other conquerors. Delhi even- tually became the capital of a loose empire of Turkish warlo rds called the Delhi Sultanate. These sultans treated the Hindus as conquered people. Delhi Sultanate Between the 13th and 16th centuries, 33 different sultans ruled this divided territory from their seat in Delhi. In 1398, Timu r the Lame destroyed Delhi. The city was so completely devastated that according to one witness, "for mont hs, not a bird moved in the city." Delhi eventually was rebuilt. But it was not until the 16th century that a leader arose who would unify the empire. Babu r Founds an Empire In 1494, an 11-year-old boy named 8ih!H inherited a kingdom in the area that is now Uzbekistan and Tajiki stan. It was only a tiny kingdom, and his elders soon took it away and drove him south. But Babu r built up an army. In the years that followed, he swept down into India and laid the foundation for the vast Mughal Empire. Babu r was a brilliant general. In 1526, for example, he led 12,00 0 troops to victory against an army of 100,000 commanded by a sultan of Delhi. A year later, Babu r also defeated a massive rajput army. After Babur's death , his incompetent son, Hurnayun, lost most of the territory Babu r had gaine d. Babur's 13-year-old grandson took over the throne after Humayun's death. 82 Chapter 2  Akbar's Golden Age Babur's. Akb , grandson was called ~ which means "Great." Akbar cer- tain!y lived up to his name, ruling India with wisdom and tolerance from 1556 to 1605. A Military Conqueror Akbar recog- nized military power as the root of his strength. In his opinion, a J m 200 1 party alter her father w as assassina-ted. She became pnme Pr.Jtibha Pattt. e4ected in 2007. is India's !mt fe male ~ in 1988. the first wom.ln to run a modem Mushm ~ sute.. Redected in 1993. she was d 1srmssed from o ffJce lndrra Gandhi Chand nka Banda:ranaike Kumaratunga IOlau!da ba Pranbha P