The Mughal Empire History PDF

Early History Led by Sultan Mahmud (muh MOOD) of Ghazni, they devastated Indian cities and temples. Delhi eventually became the capital of a loose empire of Turkish warlords called the Delhi Sultanate intro During the 8th century, the...

Early History Led by Sultan Mahmud (muh MOOD) of Ghazni, they devastated Indian cities and temples. Delhi eventually became the capital of a loose empire of Turkish warlords called the Delhi Sultanate intro During the 8th century, there was a continuous bloody clash between Hindus and Muslims. however, 300 years after, well-trained Turkish armies swept into India after These sultans treated the Hindus as conquered people. G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 1 of 12  Delhi Sultanate In 1398, Timur the Lame destroyed Delhi. Delhi eventually was rebuilt. But it was not until the 16th century that a leader arose who would unify the empire. intro Between the 13th and 16th centuries, 33 different sultans ruled this divided territory from their seat in Delhi. after G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 2 of 12  Babur Founds an Empire In 1494, an 11-year-old boy named Babur inherited a kingdom in the area that is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. It was only a tiny kingdom, and his elders soon took it away and drove him south. intro after But Babur built up an army. In the years that followed, he swept down into India and laid the foundation for the vast Mughal Empire. G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 3 of 12  Babur Founds an Empire After Babur’s death, his incompetent son, Humayun, lost most of the territory Babur had gained. Babur’s 13-year-old grandson took over the throne after Humayun’s death. intro Babur was a brilliant general. In 1526, for example, he led 12,000 troops to victory against an army of 100,000 commanded by a sultan of Delhi and was able to defeat a massive rajput army A year later. after G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 4 of 12  Akbar’s Golden Age Babur’s grandson was called Akbar, which means “Greatest One.” Akbar certainly lived up to his name, ruling India with wisdom and tolerance from 1556 to 1605 intro after G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 5 of 12  A Military Conqueror Like the Safavids and the Ottomans, Akbar equipped his armies with heavy artillery. In a brilliant move, he also appointed some rajputs as officers. intro Akbar recognized military power as the root of his strength. after In this way he turned potential enemies into allies. This combination of military power and political wisdom enabled Akbar to unify a land of at least 100 million people. G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 6 of 12  A Liberal Ruler He was a Muslim, and he firmly defended religious freedom. He permitted people of other religions to practice their faiths. He proved his tolerance by marrying, among others, two Hindus, a Christian, and a Muslim. intro Akbar was a genius at cultural blending. after He allowed his wives to practice their religious rituals in the palace. He abolish both the tax on Hindu pilgrims and on non-Muslims. G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 7 of 12  A Liberal Ruler Natives and foreigners, Hindus and Muslims, could all rise to high office. This approach contributed to the quality of his government. intro Akbar governed through a bureaucracy of officials. after He also gave generous land grants to his bureaucrats but will not be inherited by their children. It will be redistributed again after their death. G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 8 of 12  A Flowering of Culture This cultural blending affected art, education, politics, and language. Their language became Persian, Hindi and an emergence of new language, Urdu. intro As Akbar extended the Mughal Empire, he welcomed influences from the many cultures in the empire after Persian - the language of Akbar’s court and of high culture Hindi - a mixture of Persian and a local language spoken by common people Urdu - created due to blending of different cultures in the army. It is a blend of Arabic, Persian, and Hindi which became the official language of Pakistan today. G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 9 of 12  The Arts and Literature These small, highly detailed, and colorful paintings were called miniatures. Some of the most famous Mughal miniatures adorned the Akbarnamah (“Book of Akbar”). intro The arts flourished at the Mughal court, especially in the form of book illustrations after Akbarnamah - the story of the great emperor’s campaigns and deeds. Indian art drew from Western traditions as well And lastly, Hindu literature also enjoyed a revival in Akbar’s time G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 10 of 12  Architecture Its massive but graceful structures are decorated with intricate stonework that portrays Hindu themes. The capital city of Fatehpur Sikri is one of the most important examples of this type of architecture. intro Akbar devoted himself to architecture, too. The style developed under his reign is still known as Akbar period architecture after Akbar had this red-sandstone city built to thank a holy man who had predicted the birth of his first son G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 11 of 12  Akbar’s Successors Mughals, which means “Mongols.” G9 U4 L3 S3 The Mughal Empire Page 12 of 12