Medical Terminology: Week 1 Lecture - Basic Word Structure PDF

Week 1 - Lecture Basic Word Structure  Session Learning Outcomes Lecture – Basic Word Structure By the end of this session students will be able to … 1. Analyze words by dividing them into component parts. 2. Relate the medical terms to the structure and...

Week 1 - Lecture Basic Word Structure  Session Learning Outcomes Lecture – Basic Word Structure By the end of this session students will be able to … 1. Analyze words by dividing them into component parts. 2. Relate the medical terms to the structure and function of the human body. 3. Aware of the rules of plural forms.  Word Root HEMAT/O/LOGY  Word Root (cont’d) HEMAT / O / LOGY ↓ ↓ root ↓ suffix combining vowel hemat - means blood logy - means process of study  Word Root (cont’d) Important elements: ⮚ Root: foundation of the word ⮚ Suffix: word ending ⮚ Prefix: small part attached to the beginning of a term ⮚Combining vowel: vowel (usually o) that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root ⮚ Combining form: root + combining vowel  Word Root (cont’d) ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM  Word Root (cont’d) ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM ↓ ↓ ↓ root ↓ root ↓ suffix combining vowels electr - means electricity cardi - means heart Gram - means record Word Root (cont’d) GASTRITIS  Word Root (cont’d) gastr - means stomach itis - means inflammation Note: Drop combining vowel when suffix starts with a vowel (as in “itis”)  Word Root (cont’d) GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY  Word Root (cont’d) GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY ↓ ↓ ↓ root ↓ root ↓ suffix combining vowels gastr - means stomach enter - means intestines logy - means process of study  Word Root (cont’d) THREE General Rules: 1. READ the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across 2. DROP the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis not “gastroitis” 3. KEEP the combining vowel between two roots: gastroenterology not “gastrenterology” Word Root (cont’d) HYPO/GASTR/IC  Word Root (cont’d) HYPO/GASTR/IC ↓ ↓ ↓ prefix root suffix hypo - means below gastr - means stomach ic - means pertaining to  Check Your Progress 1. Can you identify the following? a. Word root b. Suffix c. Prefix d. Combining vowel e. Combining form * SLO No. 1 is achieved  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning aden/o gland arthr/o joint bi/o life carcin/o cancerous, cancer cardi/o heart  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning cyt/o cell derm/o or dermat/o skin electr/o electricity encephal/o brain enter/o intestines  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning erythr/o red gastr/o stomach gynec/o woman, female hemat/o or hem/o blood  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning hepat/o liver leuk/o white log/o study of nephr/o kidney neur/o nerve  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning radi/o x-rays rhin/o nose sect/o to cut thromb/o clot, clotting  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning hepat/o liver hydr/o water, fluid lapar/o abdomen, abdominal wall laryng/o larynx  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning lymph/o lymph mamm/o breast mast/o breast morph/o shape, form muc/o mucus  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning my/o muscle myel/o spinal cord, bone marrow necr/o death (of cells or whole body) neur/o nerve  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning phag/o to eat, swallow phleb/o vein plas/o formation, development pleur/o pleura pneumon/o lungs pulmon/o lungs  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning radi/o x-rays rect/o rectum ren/o kidney rhin/o nose sarc/o flesh splen/o spleen staphyl/o clusters  Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning thorac/o chest thromb/o clot tonsill/o tonsils trache/o trachea (windpipe) ven/o vein  Check Your Progress 1. Can you identify and define the combining forms? * SLO No. 2 is achieved  Suffixes (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning -ac pertaining to -al pertaining to -algia pain -cyte cell -ectomy excision, removal  Suffixes (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning -emia blood condition -genic produced by or in -globin protein -gram record -ic, ical pertaining to  Suffixes (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning -ist specialist -itis inflammation -logy process of study -oma tumor, mass, swelling  Suffixes (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning -opsy process of viewing -pathy disease condition -scope instrument to visually examine -scopy process of visually examining  Suffixes (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning -sis state of; condition -tomy process of cutting, incision  Check Your Progress 1. Can you identify and define the suffix terms if you encountered them?  Prefixes (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning a-, an- no, not, without aut-, auto- self, own endo- within epi- above, upon ex-, exo- out, outside of, outward  Prefixes (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning hyper- excessive, above, more than normal hypo- deficient, below, under, less than normal in- into, in peri- surrounding, around pro- before, forward  Prefixes (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning re- back, backward, again retro- behind sub- below, under trans- across, through  Check Your Progress 1. Can you identify and define the prefix terms if you encountered them?  Plural Forms In medical terminology, the plural form of each word is based on the last two letters of the singular suffix. But there are several exceptions, for example, virus is a Latin term without a plural form. “Viruses” is the accepted plural form. Elsewhere, the suffix “s” or “es” has occasionally prevailed in common usage. For example, the plural form of “hematoma” is “hematomas” rather than “hematomata.” Plural Forms Plural Forms  Check Your Progress 1. Can you identify if the medical term if in a singular form or plural form? * SLO No. 3 is achieved  Critical Thinking Question No. 1 1. All medical terms have: A. a combining vowel B. two roots C. a suffix D. a prefix  Critical Thinking Question No. 2 2. Which term means study of cells? A. Cystoscopy B. Cystitis C. Cytology D. Hematology  Summary 1. Word Root Analysis 2. Suffix 3. Prefix 4. Combining Vowel 5. Combining Forms 6. Plural Forms