Motivation Theory and Industrial PDF

Cognitive Choice Approaches ● Expectancy x Value (E x V) theories: ○ Popular over past two decades ○ Emphasize role of subjective expectations and subjective valuation of expected consequences in decision-making ○ Various E x V theories developed, including subjective expected utility theories ○ Pr...

Cognitive Choice Approaches ● Expectancy x Value (E x V) theories: ○ Popular over past two decades ○ Emphasize role of subjective expectations and subjective valuation of expected consequences in decision-making ○ Various E x V theories developed, including subjective expected utility theories ○ Predict individual decisions or choice ○ Limitations: Dealing with situations where choices are significantly limited ○ Assume individuals behave hedonistically, striving to maximize positive affect and minimize negative affect ○ Individuals differ in extent to which they use expectancy and instrumentality information Three categories of E x V theories: ● ● ● Classic cognitive-interactional approach: Rotter's (1954) social learning theory , Atkinson's (1957) risk-taking model of achievement striving Elaborated cognitive-episodic approach: ie Heckhausen (1977; Heckhausen et. al., 1985t), Raynor (1969, 1978; Raynor & Entin, 1982; Raynor & Roeder, 1987), Weiner (1985, 1986t), Vroom's VIE theory Dynamics of action approach (Atkinson & Birch, 1970, 1974, 1978) Here some approaches from the categories: ● ● Classic cognitive-interactional approach ○ Guides the selection of tasks and how long individuals stick with them ○ Influenced by personal differences, success expectations, and the perceived value of success ■ The drive to succeed and fear of failure are key personal differences Cognitive-Episodic Approach: ○ Atkinson's 1957 Motivation Theory: ■ Limited to contexts where self-evaluation results were most significant ○ Heckhausen (1977) and Vroom (1964) addressed this limitation ○ Discussion focuses on Vroom's model: ■ Conceptualizes instrumentality independently of task success expectations ■ Shared by Heckhausen's model Vroom' s Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy ● Vroom's VIE Theory: ○ Predicts choices between jobs, tasks, and effort levels based on perceived benefits ○ Three factors: ■ Valence - desirability of the outcome ■ Instrumentality - the belief that performance will lead to reward ■ Expectancy - the belief that effort will lead to performance