mongols.pdf

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15 Week 15 of 36 Page 4 Week Ming Porcelain One of the most well-known things to come out Europe they were copied of the Ming Dynasty was porcelain. Ming porcelain there as well. Everyone was a mix of china-stone and china-clay. It was wanted the beautiful then shaped and baked in high heat in an oven. pieces. For example, when There was a porcelain factory that was built to the king of Portugal, King make huge amounts of porcelain for the emperor’s Manuel I, sent Vasco de court. If you had a piece of Ming porcelain, it was Gama to China, he was told traditionally white and blue. The blue pigments to bring back two things: were imports from Persia. They would mark the spices and Ming porcelain. The Mongol Empire was massive, with bottoms of the pieces with symbols which made it The mission wasn’t much of a over 100 million people. It was started by easier to date what years they came from later on. success except for the amount Genghis Khan in the year 1206 C.E. It ran all the way from the Pacific Ocean in the east The majority of pieces were decorated with floral of porcelain he brought back PHOTO COURTESY OF HIART to the Persian Gulf in the west. It was about designs or with dragons. Ming porcelain out of the with him! After the Ming Dynasty nine million square miles! The Mongol Empire factory in Jingdezhen was widely copied across all collapsed, the porcelain was valued even higher was incredibly successful because of Asia, and when these wares were exported into than it had been before. its invasion tactics. The Mongols would attack, invade and conquer. Typically, they would attack regions that would be immediately beneficial to them; for Mapping the Khanates example, attacking people traveling the Silk Road so they could get their goods and money. The people they conquered were absorbed into their social structure or were enslaved. Any previous political or economic structures that these people used to have were completely taken apart. They were then subject to Mongol rule. Military power was strong and harsh. Within the Mongol government, everyone was expected to be RED SYMBOL ON TITLE TYPOGRAPHICAL DESIGN COURTESY OF ANAND.ORKHON disciplined. There was a sense of equality and tolerance, however. People were chosen for government and military jobs if they earned it, not necessarily due to the family into which they were born. Because of the discipline, crime within the Empire was very low. There would be harsh punishments if you were caught breaking the laws. There was also religious tolerance. People were not forced to change their spiritual beliefs because they were taken over. The Mongols also created strong trade routes, built a postal system and dedicated money for education and the arts. As long as you followed the rules of the Empire, did what you were told and did not resist, you were treated well. The Mongol Empire is said to have cut the population of China in half during its rule of the area. It remained quite strong until the people they were conquering decided to resist. Facing the increased resistance led to overextension, and the Mongol Empire eventually weakened. The last emperor died in 1370 C.E., signaling the end of the empire. The empire that Genghis Khan left to his sons was split into four separate khanates: the Ilkhanate, the Golden Horde, the Yuan Dynasty and the Chagatai Khanate. Using the information you gained in this student edition and the outside sources your teacher provides (like reference books or the internet), color code your map. For the Golden Horde section, use yellow. For the Yuan Dynasty, use blue. For the Ilkhanate, use green. Finally, for the Chagatai Khanate, use purple. THINK&REVIEW LET’S WRITE China Connects Some people say that Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Trade between China and other regions and empires like the 1. What would tell you if a piece was authentic Ming Empire were brutal and unfair. Others say they were smart Mongol Empire was incredibly important and had a far-reaching porcelain or not? military thinkers. Using Studies Weekly and outside research impact on the development of everyone involved. China had 2. What caused the development of the Ming dynasty? as needed, decide what your opinion is and try to persuade overland trade routes like the Silk Road, and they also had 3. What were the most important contributions of the your reader to feel the same way. Were they cruel or just maritime, or sea-bound, trade routes. These trade routes went Mongol empire? misunderstood? all across Asia and into Europe and Africa. Goods going out 4. What happened to the Mongolian empire after the death of of China included porcelain, silk, spices and teas. There were Genghis Khan? also goods coming into the country like cotton, ivory, gold and silver. While the Mongol Empire controlled Asia, 5. Who was influential in the empire after Genghis trade was still highly valued. Over time silk became a little less valuable, but the routes were still well traveled and Khan’s death? needed. The Mongol Empire encouraged trade with Europe, was welcoming to travelers and allowed Europeans to 6. How did the Mongols deal with religion? get a taste for goods that were once only found in Asia. Because the goods became so highly valued, Europeans 7. What were some goods that were exported from China? Please text anonymous suggestions or concerns ended up searching for more water routes to get to and from Asia, to augment the land routes. about this publication’s content. (385) 399-1786  Week 15 of 36 Page 3 considering his conqueror One way they acquired more things was to force people to give goods to In the 1300s, the Mongol Empire experienced some negative lifestyle. He got hurt when he A Mongol horseman them. This could’ve been one of the major motivating factors for Mongol consequences of their actions. It had expanded so much and into so many was thrown off of a horse, and invasions. Not many people wanted to argue with Genghis Khan! different places that it became difficult to control. The Chinese and Koreans never physically recovered. After his While the Mongols may be seen as aggressive, they also gave the world began to fight back. The Yuan Dynasty that Kublai Khan had built was death, his son Ogedei became the some important contributions. When Kublai Khan ruled over much of overthrown by the Ming Dynasty. There were also some negative effects leader of the Mongols. China, there was an increased number of temples and monasteries being of trading. Eventually, the Black Death, which was the bubonic plague One of the other most influential built. Religion was valued. The Mongols financed the study of medicine and epidemic, traveled with merchants and others moving along the Silk Road. leaders of the Mongol Empire was space and engineered massive new projects like an extension of the Grand That sickness spread throughout the entire empire. While the descendants Kublai Khan, grandson to Genghis Canal. When it came to economics in the Mongol Empire, they did things of Genghis Khan continued to rule over Mongolia, their control over the Khan. He attacked China and took a little differently. People living there were taxed very heavily unless they had rest of the region dwindled and ended. The Empire had been in existence The Mongol Empire was started by Genghis down the remaining members of the jobs that exempted them. If you were a lawyer or a teacher or an artist, you about 150 years. Khan and ended up taking control of lands Song Dynasty, starting his own new dynasty didn’t have to pay taxes! across Asia and into parts of Eastern Europe. The in China, the Yuan Dynasty. He maintained The expanding Empire connected Asia to Europe in a way Mongols were militaristic, strong and maintained a lot of the systems that China already had in A painting of Shizu, that hadn’t been seen before. Asian products and ideas better known as a tight control until the eventual collapse of the place in terms of government. Kublai Khan, as were entering Europe and changing European Empire. The inevitable collapse occurred because The Mongol Empire first expanded he would have society. Europe eventually decided to find it ended up becoming too large and too difficult to appeared in the southeast and into northern China. It also 1260s a water route to Asia, to skip the land control. At its peak size, it was twice as big as the moved west and then south into India. The routes. Marco Polo became one Roman Empire. Mongols relied on traditional methods of of the most famous travelers your life mostly as you had before! The first step in taking control in the Mongol war. They were excellent horseback riders. They along the Silk Road. He With the Mongols controlling so much of the Empire was for Genghis Khan to take down all the managed to ride their horses close to their enemies traveled to China to area, they were also in charge of the trade that leaders of the individual Mongol tribes. Once he and shoot arrows at them. In some accounts, they meet Kublai Khan. occurred in the region. Mongolia could be an had taken over those tribes and unified them, he were called “the devil’s horsemen”. They were unforgiving land in terms of agriculture, so the set them to work conquering other areas. He was ruthless when people fought back, and it was not Mongols were typically nomadic. This meant they an intense leader who instructed his tribal soldiers tolerated. However, they were fairly accepting of traveled to get the resources they needed and didn’t in clever military tactics. Genghis Khan died in people who went along with their rule. You could live in one specific place. Controlling trade allowed 1227 C.E., in his 60s, which was very impressive practice your own faith, trade your goods and live them to get the goods and resources they needed. Badain Jaran desert, Inner Mongolia, China The enormous Genghis Khan statue in the middle of Badain Jaran desert. The Fall of the Mongol Khanates When Kublai Khan invaded and took control of China, he expected to be loyal, respect the government and be just. The The Mongol Empire was ruled by a khan. When areas of land were invading forces as a result. Another son was in charge of the Ilkhanate. was taking it from the native Ming Dynasty and the Mongols ruled by a khan, it was called a khanate. After the death of Genghis It was one of the main contributors to bringing down the Abbasids in Chinese who had ruled it for still experienced clashes against Khan, there were four different khanates: the Chagatai Khanate, the the Islamic Empire. After the leader of the Ilkhanate died, it began to fall centuries. People weren’t happy one another. The Great Wall Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate and the Yuan Dynasty. apart. The Turks ended up replacing this khanate, and that contributed about that. One individual, in was repaired over time to help Chagatai Khan was one of Genghis Khan’s sons, and he ruled this to the formation of the Ottoman Empire. The final khanate was the Yuan particular, Zhu Yuanzhang, was keep them safe. The Mongols khanate in central Asia. This khanate failed because it wasn’t one strong, Dynasty run by Kublai Khan. It was considered both a khanate and a very against Mongolian rule. He ended up capturing one of the cohesive unit. Instead, it had a lot of differences between its citizens. It dynasty. It didn’t slowly fall apart in the same way as the other khanates was also poor in resources. The Golden Horde belonged to the oldest did. It was overrun by revolts and was replaced by the Ming Dynasty. joined a group of rebels who Ming emperors and asked for a son of Genghis Khan. This khanate had Islam as its official religion and China was once again returned to rule under the Chinese and the eventually led the charge against ransom. Instead of paying the relied on trade heavily. The Golden Horde’s ultimate collapse was due to Confucian scholar-officials. the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. money, the leaders of China an outside influence: the Black Death. It wasn’t able to fight back against They took over Beijing in 1368 instead just chose to replace C.E., and the Yuan Dynasty the emperor! collapsed. This was the start of Unfortunately, like the Mongol the Ming Dynasty, ruled by Zhu Empire, the Ming Dynasty didn’t Yuanzhang, who became known last. It ran out of money due to as Emperor Taizu. constant military fighting, threats His rule was similar to the of invasion and from leaders Mongols’ rule in that it was taking more money than they military based. You were probably needed to. Zhu Yuanzhang The Great Wall PHOTO COURTESY OF JAKUB HAŁUN  15 Week 15 of 36 Page 4 Week Ming Porcelain One of the most well-known things to come out Europe they were copied of the Ming Dynasty was porcelain. Ming porcelain there as well. Everyone was a mix of china-stone and china-clay. It was wanted the beautiful then shaped and baked in high heat in an oven. pieces. For example, when There was a porcelain factory that was built to the king of Portugal, King make huge amounts of porcelain for the emperor’s Manuel I, sent Vasco de court. If you had a piece of Ming porcelain, it was Gama to China, he was told traditionally white and blue. The blue pigments to bring back two things: were imports from Persia. They would mark the spices and Ming porcelain. The Mongol Empire was massive, with bottoms of the pieces with symbols which made it The mission wasn’t much of a over 100 million people. It was started by easier to date what years they came from later on. success except for the amount Genghis Khan in the year 1206 C.E. It ran all the way from the Pacific Ocean in the east The majority of pieces were decorated with floral of porcelain he brought back PHOTO COURTESY OF HIART to the Persian Gulf in the west. It was about designs or with dragons. Ming porcelain out of the with him! After the Ming Dynasty nine million square miles! The Mongol Empire factory in Jingdezhen was widely copied across all collapsed, the porcelain was valued even higher was incredibly successful because of Asia, and when these wares were exported into than it had been before. its invasion tactics. The Mongols would attack, invade and conquer. Typically, they would attack regions that would be immediately beneficial to them; for Mapping the Khanates example, attacking people traveling the Silk Road so they could get their goods and money. The people they conquered were absorbed into their social structure or were enslaved. Any previous political or economic structures that these people used to have were completely taken apart. They were then subject to Mongol rule. Military power was strong and harsh. Within the Mongol government, everyone was expected to be RED SYMBOL ON TITLE TYPOGRAPHICAL DESIGN COURTESY OF ANAND.ORKHON disciplined. There was a sense of equality and tolerance, however. People were chosen for government and military jobs if they earned it, not necessarily due to the family into which they were born. Because of the discipline, crime within the Empire was very low. There would be harsh punishments if you were caught breaking the laws. There was also religious tolerance. People were not forced to change their spiritual beliefs because they were taken over. The Mongols also created strong trade routes, built a postal system and dedicated money for education and the arts. As long as you followed the rules of the Empire, did what you were told and did not resist, you were treated well. The Mongol Empire is said to have cut the population of China in half during its rule of the area. It remained quite strong until the people they were conquering decided to resist. Facing the increased resistance led to overextension, and the Mongol Empire eventually weakened. The last emperor died in 1370 C.E., signaling the end of the empire. The empire that Genghis Khan left to his sons was split into four separate khanates: the Ilkhanate, the Golden Horde, the Yuan Dynasty and the Chagatai Khanate. Using the information you gained in this student edition and the outside sources your teacher provides (like reference books or the internet), color code your map. For the Golden Horde section, use yellow. For the Yuan Dynasty, use blue. For the Ilkhanate, use green. Finally, for the Chagatai Khanate, use purple. THINK&REVIEW LET’S WRITE China Connects Some people say that Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Trade between China and other regions and empires like the 1. What would tell you if a piece was authentic Ming Empire were brutal and unfair. Others say they were smart Mongol Empire was incredibly important and had a far-reaching porcelain or not? military thinkers. Using Studies Weekly and outside research impact on the development of everyone involved. China had 2. What caused the development of the Ming dynasty? as needed, decide what your opinion is and try to persuade overland trade routes like the Silk Road, and they also had 3. What were the most important contributions of the your reader to feel the same way. Were they cruel or just maritime, or sea-bound, trade routes. These trade routes went Mongol empire? misunderstood? all across Asia and into Europe and Africa. Goods going out 4. What happened to the Mongolian empire after the death of of China included porcelain, silk, spices and teas. There were Genghis Khan? also goods coming into the country like cotton, ivory, gold and silver. While the Mongol Empire controlled Asia, 5. Who was influential in the empire after Genghis trade was still highly valued. Over time silk became a little less valuable, but the routes were still well traveled and Khan’s death? needed. The Mongol Empire encouraged trade with Europe, was welcoming to travelers and allowed Europeans to 6. How did the Mongols deal with religion? get a taste for goods that were once only found in Asia. Because the goods became so highly valued, Europeans 7. What were some goods that were exported from China? Please text anonymous suggestions or concerns ended up searching for more water routes to get to and from Asia, to augment the land routes. about this publication’s content. (385) 399-1786