Phrasal Verbs Explained - PDF

(00:22) Now let's get started. Let's start with phrasal verbs. They are so important to help you understand native and to sound natural. So first, in this lesson, you'll learn the most important phrasal verbs to run out of something. This is when you use all of something and therefore have none left...

(00:22) Now let's get started. Let's start with phrasal verbs. They are so important to help you understand native and to sound natural. So first, in this lesson, you'll learn the most important phrasal verbs to run out of something. This is when you use all of something and therefore have none left. (00:46) We commonly use this with food items, for example, milk. We ran out of milk. This means you have no milk left because you used it all. Now notice ran. That's the past simple of the verb run. The conjugations are run, ran, run. You could also say we've run out of milk in the present perfect because it's a past action with a connection to the present. (01:21) In a business context, you might say we're running out of time. So here notice in the present continuous, we're running out of and then the something is time. It means you're in the process of having no time left. So if the meeting ends at 11:00 and right now it's 10:50, you can say we're running out of time. (01:53) We need to end the meeting in 10 minutes. You can also use this with ideas. We're running out of ideas or patience. I'm running out of patience, which means I'm in the process of having no patience left to bring up. This means to raise a topic for conversation or to raise a. Child. For example, he brought up an interesting point at the meeting, which means he raised an interesting point. (02:35) He shared an interesting point. He brought up an interesting point at the meeting. Here, brought is the past symbol of bring. Now remember, this also means to raise a child. When you raise a child, it means you care for and nurture, nurture a child from the time that child is an infant until that child is an adult. (03:05) That is, to raise a child. For example, she's bringing up three children on her own, so this means she's raising three children on her own to look after someone or something. This means to care for someone or something for a period of time. So generally we don't use this. If you're caring for someone or something permanently, like when you bring up a child, you're caring for that child permanently. (03:42) But if you're looking after a child, it sounds like you're doing it temporarily for a period of time. For example, my son's 16, so he looks after his younger brothers while I'm at work. So my son who is 16, cares for his younger brothers, but he's not bringing them up because he's not doing that permanently. (04:13) He's caring for them for a period of time, the time while I'm at work, so maybe 2 hours a day between after school and when I get home from work. My oldest child, who's 16, cares for my younger children, his younger brothers. We also use this with things to care for things. For example, can you look after my plans while I'm on vacation? If someone asks you to look after something for a period of time while they're on vacation or while they're traveling, they're asking you to care for it. (05:01) So that's a lot of responsibility for you. You better not kill my plants to take off. This means to remove something commonly from your body or to leave in the sense of removing something from your body. When someone comes to your house, you might say please take off your shoes before coming in. So you want to keep your floors nice and clean. (05:34) So you ask them to take off their shoes, to remove their shoes Now in the sense of to leave, leave. We commonly use this with flights. For example, my flight was supposed to take off at noon, but it was delayed. So if my flight's delayed, it means it's now taking off later than scheduled, later than expected. (06:06) And when your flight takes off, that's when your flight leaves, it leaves the ground, it leaves the airport. So you can use this one every single time you're traveling and daily to talk about removing something from your body to turn on. I'm sure you know this one, but just to make sure, this means to activate a device, to turn on a device. (06:37) This is something that I ask Siri to do daily. And you might ask Siri or Alexa or whoever your personal assistant is, Hey, Siri, turn on the lights. Or you might say, can you turn on the air conditioning? It's really. Hot in here. So think of all the different devices you have in your home, in your office, and even on you everywhere you go, and you can use turn on to mean activate. (07:11) And if turn on means to activate, well, then what's the opposite? What's the phrasal verb for to deactivate a device? Of course it's turn off. Turn off a device, deactivate a device again, something you can ask your personal assistant to do. Hey Siri, turn off the music. And this is also something that parents have to remind their children to do quite frequently. (07:45) For example, make sure you turn off the lights before you leave. Get up. This is 1 you can of course use every single day because when you get up it means you wake up in the morning. For example, I get up at 5:50 AM every day except Sundays. On Sundays I get up at 7:00 AM. So I sleep in on Sundays and oh, I enjoy. (08:22) That What about you? What? Time. Do you get up? Share that in the comments. We also use get out to mean to rise from a lying or sitting position. So let's say you work in an office that has some really comfortable couches and you might just be relaxing and lying on the couch. But then your coworker says quick, get up, Rob's coming and Rob is your boss and you don't want your boss to see you just lying on this couch when you should. (09:04) Be at your desk working right. So in this context, it doesn't mean that you were sleeping on the couch. It simply means you were in a lying or even a sitting position. So we talked about how takeoff is used to remove something from your body. So if you're hot, you can take off your sweater. But what if you're cold? What's the phrasal verb to add something to your body? Do you know it's to put on? To put on is to wear clothing or accessories so you can think of them as adding them to your body. (09:50) To put on also means to apply something like makeup or sunscreen to put on. For example, you could say to a friend it's chilly out, you should put on a sweater. Chili means a little cold. So maybe your friend is going out in AT shirt but you say it's chili out, you should put on a sweater to give up. (10:21) Hopefully a phrasal verb that isn't in your vocabulary to give up because this is used when you stop trying to do something. For example, don't give up just because you made a few mistakes. That's part of the learning process. I'm sure some days you feel like giving up learning English, which would mean stop learning English, but don't give up. (10:56) However, there are some things you should give up, like a bad habit. And give up is also used when you stop a bad habit. For example, you should give up smoking, which means you should stop smoking permanently stop smoking. So you should quit smoking. You should give up smoking permanently. Stop smoking with smoking. (11:26) But you shouldn't give up learning English just because you make a mistake or just because it's taking a little longer than you expected. Don't give up to look for when you look for someone or something you simply try to find to locate someone or something. For example, I looked for you at the conference but it was busy. (11:57) This means I try to find someone, a friend, a Co worker, someone I know. I try to find someone at a conference. I looked for her or him, but I didn't find that person because there were too many people at the conference. The conference was busy. Of course, we use this with everyday objects like our keys, our phone, our purse, even something simple like a pen. (12:30) Can you help me look for my keys? This is another way of saying, can you help me find my keys? Can you help me locate my keys? Because I don't know. Where they are. Can you help me look for my keys? Now that you're more comfortable with these phrasal verbs, how about we do that exact same quiz again? Here are the questions. (12:54) Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers. Here are. The answers. Review them as long as you need and when you're ready, hit play to continue. Are you enjoying this lesson? If you are, then I want to tell you about the Finally Fluent Academy. This is my premium training program where we study native English speakers from TV, the movies, YouTube and the news so you can improve your listening skills of fast English. (13:33) Expand your vocabulary with natural expressions and learn advanced grammar easily. Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach. You can look in the description for the link to learn more, or you can go to my website and click on Finally Fluent Academy. Now let's continue with our lesson. Let's keep going. (13:54) And you're going to learn 10 more phrasal verbs at the more advanced level. And I'm going to quiz you to make this lesson a little more advanced in this video. So first you're going to test your knowledge to see how well you know these 10 phrasal verbs. And after I'll explain every phrasal verb in detail. (14:17) Let's get started. Question one. She's not. She's just really good at basketball. Now, I'll only give you 3 seconds to answer the question, so hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play. She's not showing off. Question two. It's hard to meditate when my kids keep when my kids keep barging in. (14:52) Question 3. We've been friends for 20 years. I'm not going to let this, I'm not going to let this come between us. Question 4. It's amazing how fast the company, after the pandemic, the company bounced back. Question 5. I need to call the garage. My car's been all week. My car's been acting up. (15:31) Question 6. His speech didn't. The urgency of the situation, his speech didn't get across. Question 7. Just can close any deal we can. We can count on her. Question 8. I can't give you the day off tomorrow, but I can by letting you leave early, I can make it up to you. Question 9 they said the price is too high but give them a week they'll they'll come around. (16:26) Question 10. My boss always makes me stay late. I don't know why I I put up with it. How'd you do with the quiz? Share your score in the comments below. And don't worry if it was difficult, because now I'm going to explain every phrasal verb in detail #1 to come around to an opinion or an idea. (16:56) And this means to change your opinion or to see a new point of view. Now notice the sentence structure. Because we have two prepositions around and two, and then after two we need something. We need a noun, an opinion, or an idea. For example, I came around to the new job after I heard about the benefits package. (17:24) So remember, this means you changed your opinion. So previously you didn't want the new job, but now you've come around to it, so you've changed your opinion. Now you want the new job because you heard about the benefits package. We commonly use this without the preposition to and without specifying the something when the something has already been mentioned. (17:52) For example, at first I didn't want to move to Boston, but I came around after I visited. So notice I didn't say I came around to something because the something had already been mentioned. So I came around to the idea after I visited #2 to get across a point or a message. And this is when you clearly and effectively communicate a point or a message. (18:32) For example, make sure you get across that the project is over budget. So if you're having a meeting with a client and your boss has this very particular message or idea, the project is over budget and your boss wants you to communicate that in a clear, effective way. Your boss wants to make sure you get that across. (18:58) Now we also use this when you're talking, you're talking, you're talking and the ideas aren't really coming out very well. And after a while you stop and you say what I'm trying to get across is. And then you state your point. What I'm trying to get across is the project is over budget #3 to show off. (19:25) This is when you deliberately display your skills or abilities in a way to impress other people. Now, this is frequently used in the negative. Don't show off. Don't show off. But there's definitely a time and a place when you want to show off. For example, when you're going to a job interview, you shouldn't be modest. (19:54) You should show off your skills and abilities. You should talk about all your awards, your accomplishments, your degrees, the compliments you've received. You want to show off all of your experience to the interviewer. So an interview is the perfect time to show off. Also, if you're going for your IELTS exam, you don't want to be modest with your knowledge of the English language. (20:23) You want to show off your abilities by using a range of grammatical structures and a range of phrasal verbs and idioms and expressions you want to show off to the interviewer #4 to count on. Now, this is exactly the same as to rely on or to depend on. So you have three different phrasal verbs, all with on that mean the exact same thing. (20:53) And this is, of course, when you trust someone or something to complete a specific task or objective. For example, I can always count on Selma to stay late. So you can trust Selma to complete the specific task or objective, which is to stay late. And remember, you could replace this with rely on I can always rely on Selma or depend on I can always depend on Selma. (21:26) Now we frequently use this in a question response. For example, can I count on you? Can I count on you to close the deal? And then you can reply back and say absolutely, you can count on me #5 to come between now. This is when something disturbs a relationship. And that relationship can be a professional relationship, a social relationship, romantic, family relationship. (21:59) It can be any kind of relationship. For example, Jacob and Marcus were best friends until Sylvie came between them. So that's the image you could have. They were close, Jacob and Marcus, but then Sylvie came between them and now they're divided. Sylvie disturbed their relationship. Now, it's very common for a girl or a guy to come between a relationship, but it doesn't have to be a person. (22:35) It could be that Jacob and Marcus were very close, but the promotion came between them, the new job came between them, their family came between them, their politics came between them, their religion came between them. It could be anything came between them. Money is a good one as well that comes between people in relationships. (23:00) And remember you can use this in any type of relationship. Number six to put up with something or someone and notice this is a 2 preposition phrasal verb put up with, put up with. And we use this to say that you tolerate bad behavior or unwanted behavior to put up with. For example, I don't know how you put up with your boss. (23:32) I don't know how you tolerate your boss. Now, of course, we can be more specific and specify the action that the boss does. I don't know how you put up with your boss's constant criticism, for example, or your boss's distasteful jokes, for example. I don't know how you tolerate it. (23:57) Now we commonly use this to say, I'm not going to put up with and then the behavior. I'm not going to put up with your constant criticism any longer #7 to bounce back now. To bounce back. This is when you recover or recuperate. Now, you can use this when you recover from a negative situation in a business context, like for example, a bad sales quarter or a bad product launch, for example. (24:37) But it can also be when you recover or recuperate from an illness. So you can use it in both those situations. For example, in a workplace situation, you could say, I don't know how we'll bounce back from our loss in Q2. So I don't know how we'll recover. And then you could have a discussion how can we bounce back? Does anyone have any ideas on how we can bounce back now in terms of recovering or recuperating from an illness? You could say it took me a while to bounce back after my surgery, (25:19) so it took me a while to recover, recuperate #8 to act up. This means to behave badly or strangely. This is very commonly used with parents describing the actions of their young children or even their older children. My son keeps acting up behaving badly. But we can also use this with devices and objects. (25:51) For example, my computer keeps acting up. Behaving strangely, my computer keeps acting up. I hope it doesn't break #9 to make it up to someone. This is quite a long 1, so pay attention to this sentence structure to make it up to someone. Now, we use this when you try to compensate for a wrongdoing. (26:22) For example, let's say it's your best friend's birthday and you can't go for whatever reason. So this is the wrongdoing, not going to your best friend's birthday party. Now, if you want to compensate for that wrongdoing, you could say I'm so sorry I can't make your birthday party. (26:46) I promise I'll make it up to you. I'll make it up to you by taking you out for a nice dinner. I'll make it up to you by going to the movies with you. I'll make it up to you by buying you a really nice present. So those are the ways you're going to compensate. Now you might be wondering, what is this it the make it up to someone. (27:15) We use it with it because what you're trying to compensate for has already been explained so you don't have to say it again. Now you can use this in a business context. Let's say you went over budget on a client's project, and you might say to your team, how are we going to make it up to the client? How are we going to compensate for our wrongdoing? The wrongdoing is you went over budget. (27:45) And then maybe someone would suggest we can make it up to them by offering a discount or offering a free product, offering an extra service. So those are how you're going to compensate for the wrongdoing, to make it up to someone #10 to barge in. When you barge in, you enter a place, a location unexpectedly, and you interrupt whatever's taking place. (28:18) For example, I was in my office working and this kid just barged in and handed me his CV. But later I hired. Him So by saying the kid barged in, it implies that he didn't have an appointment. He wasn't expected. He just barged in unexpectedly and he interrupted whatever I was working on. But in this case, it was successful because he got the job. (28:48) Now that you understand these phrasal verbs a lot better, let's do that exact same quiz from the very beginning again. Here are the questions for the quiz. You need to complete each sentence using the correct phrasal verb. So go ahead and hit pause now and complete the quiz. Here are the correct answers. (29:12) Go ahead and hit pause and see how well you did. Now that you're getting comfortable with phrasal verbs, let's move on. And you'll learn 21 words that will impress everyone when you use them. I'm impressed. I'm impressed. Good for you. Number one, dazzling. Dazzling. That's a fun word to say. (29:35) Repeat after me. Dazzling. This is an adjective that means brilliant and impressive, leaving a lasting impression. I could say you look absolutely dazzling in that outfit and notice how I added absolutely to make it even stronger. Or I could say she started her presentation with a dazzling smile. So what do you think of my smile? Is it dazzling? If it is, then put dazzling. (30:08) Put dazzling in the comments because putting it in the comments will help you remember it. Put dazzling in the comments #2 caveat. Repeat after me. Caveat. This is a noun and it's a warning or cautionary statement. These words will impress native speakers, but there's one caveat. There's one warning. (30:37) You need to pronounce them correctly. So repeat after me caveat. Or you could say he agreed to be interviewed with the caveat that he could review the article. Don't worry about taking notes because I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF. You can find the link in the description #3 Alleviate. (31:00) Repeat after me. Alleviate. This is a verb that means to make something negative, like a pain or a problem, less severe. For example, taking a walk can alleviate stress. It can make it less severe or practicing your speech beforehand, maybe for a job interview or a presentation, can alleviate your public speaking anxiety. (31:30) It can make it less severe. So make sure you practice #4 a fun one to say conundrum. Repeat after me conundrum. Conundrum. This is a noun and it's a confusing and difficult problem or question. He faced a conundrum. So notice that verb is face. You face a conundrum. He faced a conundrum about which job offer to accept. (32:03) So maybe he has this job offer, but then he calls you as his friend and he says, it's my dream job, but if I accept it, I'll have to move overseas away from my family. And then you can reply back and say, well, that's a conundrum, That's a difficult problem you're facing #5 frivolous. (32:30) Also fun to say frivolous. Repeat after me. Frivolous. This is an adjective that means not having any serious purpose or value. We commonly use this with money. He spends all his money on frivolous items, on items that have no purpose or value. Or you could say they argued over something frivolous, something meaningless, no purpose, no value. (33:02) Hopefully you're thinking this lesson isn't frivolous, which means it does have purpose and it does provide you value. So this lesson isn't frivolous. Would you agree? Put that's right. Put that's right, that's right in the comments. Number six, perplex. Repeat after me. Perplex. This is a verb that means to confuse and worry someone by being difficult to understand or solve. (33:35) For example, the patient's symptoms perplexed the doctors. The doctors found the symptoms difficult. Understand and then solve. So it caused some worry or confusion. Or you could say I was perplexed by these words, the words in this lesson. Notice that passive structure. I was perplexed by these words, but Jennifer helped me understand them. (34:07) Hopefully you agree with that #7 nostalgia. Repeat after me nostalgia. This is a noun and it's a feeling of pleasure but also slight sadness when you think about things that happened in the past. Some people feel nostalgia because nostalgia is a noun, so you can feel nostalgia. Some people feel nostalgia for their school days, so thinking about their school days in the past, it brings some pleasure, but a little bit of sadness. (34:43) Can you relate to that? Or you could say hearing that song again filled him with nostalgia. You can be filled with this noun. Nostalgia number 80. This is a good one. Ominous repeat after me. Ominous. This is an adjective, and it means giving the impression that something bad or unpleasant is going to happen. (35:13) We commonly use this with the weather. You could look up and say the dark clouds are ominous. So what's the bad thing that's going to happen? A severe storm. Or you could say he had an ominous feeling about the meeting. Something bad is going to happen. Maybe the client won't sign the contract, or he won't get the answer he wanted #9 acquiesce. (35:43) Repeat after me. Acquiesce. Acquiesce. This is a verb, and it means to agree passively. So to agree, but you don't really want to. You don't want to initially, but you eventually say, OK, I acquiesce. For example, I wanted to go to Hawaii, but my husband wanted to go to Iceland. I acquiesced. So my question for you, my smart student, is where did I go on vacation? Did I go to Hawaii or Iceland? Put your answer in the comments. (36:31) Hawaii or Iceland, Put it in the comments #10 consensus. Repeat after me. Consensus. This is a noun and it means general agreement among a group. Remember, to have general agreement, you don't need 100%, you need 505155. That would be the minimum amount for a general consensus. For example, we couldn't reach a consensus. (37:03) So the verb you use is to reach a consensus. We couldn't reach a consensus on where to go for vacation. Hawaii or Iceland, We couldn't reach a consensus. Or you could say there is a consensus that the proposal needs revisions. So this means that the majority of people agree that the proposal needs revisions #11 Itinerary. (37:33) I'm always surprised when my students, even my advanced students, don't know this word because it's so commonly used. Repeat after me. Itinerary. This is a noun, and it's a detailed plan or route for an event or vacation. For example, have you planned your itinerary for Iceland? Because remember, I acquiesced, so I agreed with my husband who wanted to go to Iceland even though I wanted to go to Hawaii. (38:09) Did you understand that? Did you get that? So have you planned your itinerary for Iceland yet? So the itinerary would tell you what activities you're doing on each day of that trip. Or you could say we have a very busy itinerary, all the things you have planned. Now don't confuse us with the next word #12 agenda. (38:35) Repeat after me agenda. Most students know this, but don't confuse it with an itinerary because an agenda is a list of items to be discussed at a meeting. So you can ask what's the agenda for the meeting or what's the first item on the agenda? Or In emails, it's very common to send or receive an e-mail that says, please find, attach the agenda for today's conference call #13 lucrative, lucrative, repeat after me lucrative. (39:16) This is an adjective and it means producing a great deal of profit or financial success. We use this specifically with money. You could say photography isn't lucrative. It doesn't produce a great deal of financial success, but it's my passion. Or you could say there was a general consensus. (39:41) Most people agree there was a general consensus that the partnership would be lucrative, would result in money, financial success. So that's a great one to have in your vocabulary #14 contingency. Do you know this one? Contingency. Repeat after me. Contingency. This is a noun, and it's. A future event or circumstance which is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty. (40:15) So it's possible but not guaranteed. Here's how this word is most commonly used. We need a contingency plan in case of an emergency. So this is a plan about a potential circumstance that's possible but not guaranteed. And the plan, the contingency plan, will tell you what to do in the event of an emergency. (40:42) Or you could say we must prepare for all possible contingencies #15 tangible. Repeat after me. Tangible. This is a noun and it means real, something you can touch, show, or even experience. For example, the project resulted in tangible benefits. I can show you the benefits on a chart. You can touch the benefits such as money, or you have an experience such as doing something because of those benefits. (41:19) It's tangible. Or you might say we need tangible evidence to support our claims. You need evidence that people can touch, see, or experience. It must be tangible. This is commonly used with assets because there are tangible assets such as machinery and buildings. You can touch them, you can look at them. (41:42) They're real #16 incentive. Repeat after me. Incentive. This is a noun, and it's a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something. So, for example, I need to give you and all of my students an incentive to subscribe. I need to encourage you to subscribe by providing something of value. (42:13) So the fact that I upload videos every single day is your incentive to subscribe. So make sure you subscribe like this video. And of course, subscribe if you haven't already. I have other incentives for you. Once you subscribe #17 Metrics repeat after me Metrics. Metrics. This is a noun, and it's a standard of measurement. (42:42) For example, the size of your vocabulary is one of the metrics of fluency, the number of words you know, which is why I'm teaching you 21 words. So you can improve this metric, this measure of performance for your fluency. As you know, on your IELTS or other language exams, they judge you on different areas. (43:07) Those are the different metrics. Or if you want to improve your fluency, a good question to ask is what are the key metrics of fluency? And that will tell you what areas to focus on. Number 18, redundant. Repeat after me. Redundant. Redundant. This is a noun and it means not or no longer needed or useful. (43:35) For example, some tasks have become redundant due to automation. AI, Chachi, BT, or you could say typewriters are now redundant. They're no longer used, although they were once the only device that people had to write with. So can you think of something in today's modern world that is now redundant? My example was a typewriter. (44:05) Share your own example in the comments below. Just for fun #19 streamline. Streamline. Repeat after me. Streamline. This is a verb, and it means to make something faster, easier, or better. For example, online learning has streamlined education. It's made it faster, easier, better. Would you agree with that? Or you might ask in a meeting, how can we streamline our operations? How can we make our operations faster, better, easier #20 glaring? Repeat after me. (44:46) Glaring. This is an adjective, and it's when something bad is extremely obvious, it's glaring. For example, we can't hire her. She made glaring spelling mistakes in her CV. So when you look at the CV, the spelling mistakes are extremely obvious. They're glaring so that CV is going in the garbage. (45:14) Or you could say there was a glaring contradiction in his statement. The contradiction was extremely obvious. Now, do you know what a contradiction is this? Is word. 21 Contradiction Repeat after me Contradiction And this is a combination of words. That is nonsense because some of the words suggest the opposite of some of the others. (45:44) That's a confusing definition, but listen to this simple example. She's an honest politician. Now some people might reply back and say an honest politician. Isn't that a contradiction? Because when you hear the word honest, an image of a politician is not what most people think of. So some people might say that the combination of words, an honest politician, is a contradiction. (46:22) Here's an everyday example. You said you hate the heat, but you want to go to Hawaii. Isn't that a contradiction? Because Hawaii is very hot, but you just said you hate the heat. So that's a contradiction. Now let's keep challenging your vocabulary. You're going to add 15 advanced words to your vocabulary #1 to urge the sentence structure is to urge someone to do something. (46:55) Urge. Is a verb. And it means to strongly advise or persuade someone to do something. For example, the lawyer urged him to take the deal. So the lawyer strongly advised him. The lawyer tried to persuade him to take the deal. The lawyer urged him to take the deal #2 admit, admit. This is a preposition. There's an alternative spelling which is a missed and missed. (47:32) So you're adding a on the end. They mean exactly the same thing. Amid is more popular and common in American English. So that's the one I urge you to use now as a preposition. This means in the middle of or surrounded by. So let me give you an example sentence. Tesla launched its new car and mid a lot of publicity. (48:02) So we have the launch of the new car. Now remember amid means in the middle of or surrounded by. So you can almost imagine here's their launch of the new car and then surrounded around that launch is all this publicity. Publicity is just media attention. So that's when we use admit Tesla launched their new car and mid a lot of publicity #3 to roam. (48:34) To roam. This is a great one. You can add this to your daily vocabulary because to roam this means to move about or travel without a clear direction of where you're going. But you do that on purpose. You can think of it as an activity. So when would you want to move around or move about without a clear direction of where you're going? Well, probably when you're on vacation or when you're exploring a new area, even of your own city. (49:11) So you might find a new area and then you just roam around. You go on this street and then you see something interesting and you go there and then you see a store and then you go there. You don't have a clear direction of where you're going #4 to encompass. This means that you include a lot of different types of things for this one. (49:36) Think of when you go to a conference, there are many different types of things, right? There are different speakers, there are different topics. There are different people in the audience. There's different entertainment. So all of these are different things. Now the verb to encompass just means to include. (49:58) So we could say the conference encompassed many different speakers, entertainment, audience members, presentations, topics, and you can go on and list the different categories of things. The conference encompassed many different things #5 mired, mired. Look at the spelling. Now listen to my pronunciation. (50:27) My, my, mired, mired. That's the pronunciation. We use this when someone or something like a company is involved in a difficult situation. It must be a difficult situation. For example, the new company was mired in controversy, Was mired in controversy. They were involved in that situation. And notice I use the word controversy, which is negative number six, meticulously. (51:01) Oh, that's a fun word to say, isn't it? A little bit of a challenge for you #6 meticulously, meticulously. This is an adjective. And as an adjective, it means in a way that shows great attention to detail. For example, the entire project was meticulously planned. Remember, adjectives are always optional. (51:26) So I could say the entire conference was planned. So now I want to give more information about how it was planned. And I want to say with a lot of attention to detail, the entire conference was meticulously planned. So this is a positive adjective. If somebody used it on you, you would take that as a compliment #7 exacerbate. (51:54) Oh, another tricky one for pronunciation. Exacerbate, exacerbate. This is when you make something that's already bad even worse. We could say this attack will exacerbate the already tense relationship between the two communities. So remember it's a bad situation. That's why I used already tense relationship. (52:21) That is not a positive relationship. So it's already bad. But then when you exacerbate, it means you make it even worse. This attack will exacerbate their relationship #8 to call for this is a phrasal verb, and you call for something to happen, and this is simply when you demand that something happens. (52:46) For example, the union called for his resignation. The union called for the union demanded. The union called for his resignation #9. Swift. Swift. This is an adjective. It's a fun adjective because it simply means quickly. For example, the police took swift action against the rioters. Swift action. So they acted very quickly. (53:17) Swift action #10 to. A Road A Rd. This is when you slowly reduce or destroy something. You probably know this from a scientific perspective because erosion, or when rocks erode, is when rocks naturally become smaller, smaller and smaller and smaller because they gradually reduce. Well, the meaning is the exact same, but instead of a rock, I want you to imagine trust. (53:51) Trust between two people in a business relationship or a personal relationship as well. And I could say these budget cuts could erode the public's trust. So we have the public's trust just like a rock, and it's eroding. It's getting smaller and smaller and smaller and smaller. The trust is gradually decreasing. (54:14) And the reason why is because of the actions of the person, the budget cuts. The budget cuts could erode the public's trust #11 to highlight. This is when you want to attract attention to something specific or you want to emphasize something specific. For example, the report highlighted the need for increased safety measures. (54:42) So the report was written in a way that it took your attention to something specific. It emphasized specific information and that specific information is we need more safety measures. The report highlighted the need for increased safety measures #12 to expose. This is when you make public something bad or something wrong. (55:11) So there's something wrong. And most the time people don't want that information public, right? So when you take that wrongdoing that someone wants to keep secret and you make it public, you expose, you expose that person, or you expose the action, the bad action that that person took. For example, the report exposed government corruption. (55:37) So there's government corruption. Of course, the government does not want the public to know about it, right? So when that information is made public, it's exposed. The report exposed government corruption #13 fundamental. This is when something is more important. Than anything else fundamental. (56:02) For example, it's one of the fundamental differences between men and women. So there are many differences between men and women, obviously, but remember, fundamental is more important than anything else. Now notice how I didn't reveal that fundamental difference. I just use it's so you can decide what is the fundamental difference between men and women. (56:30) If you want, you can try to put that in the comments below. It's the fundamental difference between men and women. What could it be #14 to deploy and you deploy resources. Resources could be people in the form of their efforts and the work, their contribution, or it could be money. It could be supplies, things like that. (56:55) And you deploy resources. What does this mean? When you deploy resources, it means you simply use the resources, but you use them in an efficient way. Or at least that's the plan. For example, the government is meeting to discuss how to deploy the funds, so they don't know how they're going to use those resources in the best way, and that's why they're meeting. (57:25) They're meeting to discuss how to deploy. The funds? And finally #15 to pitch, you pitch an idea or a plan. And this simply means you share an idea or a plan in a way that's meant to persuade, persuade someone to do something specific or to buy something. For example, we pitch them our strategy for how to deploy the resources. (57:55) So we have a plan, an idea, and we shared it with you, but we did it in a way that we want you to say yes, we want you to accept our plan, that is. To pitch. We're doing an amazing job. Let's keep going and you'll learn 15 more advanced words you can use every day. Expression number 11's take on something. (58:22) This is simply another way to ask someone for their opinion or ideas. So if you're in a meeting, it's very common to say what's your take on that? What's your take on that? And then that being whatever you're discussing, maybe a new idea, a new project, a new plan. And to reply, you could say, well, my take on it is. (58:46) And then you simply state your opinion or your idea. We also sometimes will state our opinion or idea. For example, I think we should delay the project and then we add. That's my take on it. That's my take on it #2 to be in a position to. This is an expression that simply means to be able to or to be capable of. (59:16) So you might say we're not in a position to take on any new clients. At least that's my take on it. Or you might ask, is the company in a position to take on more debt? Is the company able to number 3 to be on the right track? I love this expression because it means you're making good progress on something specific. (59:46) For example, you might say, we haven't solved the problem yet, but we're on the right track, so the problem still exists, but you're headed towards the solution. You're making good progress, you're on the right track, so if you keep doing what you're doing, you'll solve the problem. (1:00:08) #4 to stem from this is an excellent business or academic expression, and this means to be caused by or to come from. So you might read in an article a lot of health problems stem from poor diet. So the health problems are caused by stem from a poor diet. Said another way, you could say a poor diet causes health problems, but remember we're switching them because we're using stem from, caused by #5 to be a given. (1:00:54) A given. This is something that is well known as an established fact or truth. So I might share my fact or truth. If you want to be a confident English speaker, you have to practice speaking. That's a given. It's just another way of saying that's a fact. At least that's my take on it. And said another way, I can say it's a given to be a given that it's a given that if you want to be a confident speaker, you need to practice speaking number six to take X into account. (1:01:36) X is something, a noun, and that simply means to account for or to consider something. For example, when you're planning a vacation, you need to take exchange rates into account. The exchange rate, the time zone difference, the customs, the culture into account. Number 7, this is a good one to grapple with, to grapple with. (1:02:07) This is another way of saying to deal or cope with a difficult situation. So let's take a difficult situation. Social isolation during the pandemic that's been very difficult. Many people are grappling with, they're dealing with, they're coping with the situation. Many people are grappling with isolation during the pandemic #8 to be short on something. (1:02:37) This simply means you don't have enough of something. For example, I'm short on time this week, or I can't go on that vacation because I'm short on cash. I don't have enough #9 to be up in the air. We use this expression to talk about a plan or an issue that's unsettled or unresolved or uncertain up in the air. (1:03:08) For example, my summer plans are up in the air. They're uncertain. I haven't planned them yet. Or I might say the future of that business is up in the air. It's uncertain #10 to bring someone up to speed. When you bring someone up to speed, you share the latest information with them. So let's say your colleague was on vacation and they get back and they could ask you, hey, can you bring me up to speed? Can you share the latest information? Can you bring me up to speed on the Jones project? (1:03:47) So you could talk about a specific situation or just in general. Can you bring me up to speed #11 This is a great one. A deal breaker. A deal breaker is. Something that causes. You to abandon a plan or a commitment or a relationship. For example, I might be looking for a new job and I see one that looks really great, but then I get to the salary and it's way too low. (1:04:19) That's a deal breaker that causes me to abandon that plan. The plan? To. Apply for that job. The salary is a deal breaker. We also use this a lot in relationships. You might say she lied to me. That's a deal breaker. So you're going to end the relationship, you're going to abandon it because she lied, and that's a deal breaker #12A do over. (1:04:51) A do over is another attempt to do something when your previous attempt was unsuccessful. So let's say you go to a job interview and it went terribly. You did really poorly. You could say I wish I could have a do over. I wish I could do the interview again. But unfortunately most of the time we don't get do overs. (1:05:24) But you might be in a situation where you're in a class and the professor gave you a test and everybody did poorly on the test. So the professor might give the students a do over. The professor gives the students a chance to do the test again, because everyone did really poorly #13 to come in handy. (1:05:53) When something comes in handy, it's very useful. So this is a +1. So let's say you're considering adding a new feature to a product you provide or a service. And you might say, oh, this new feature will really come in handy. It will come in handy. It will be. Useful. #14 to be a breeze. We describe something as a breeze when it's really easy. (1:06:25) For example, learning English is a breeze, right? It's really easy. Maybe, maybe not. Depends on what your take on it is. Or I could say using Google Docs is a breeze. It's really easy. And then I could add using Google Docs is a breeze compared to Ms. Word. So in that case I'm saying that Google Docs is easier than Ms. (1:06:52) Word. And finally #15 to be spot on. When someone is spot on, they're 100% accurate or correct. For example, I could say the weather forecast this weekend was spot on. The meteorologist said it was going to rain on Saturday at 2:00 and it rained on Saturday at 2:00. He said it was going to be sunny and 25 on Sunday, and that's exactly what it was. (1:07:25) The forecast was spot on, and now you have 50 new advanced expressions to sound fluent. Are you ready for your quiz? Feel free to go back, review the video again if you need. But if you're ready, let's complete your quiz. So here's how the quiz is going to work. You're going to see a sentence and you have to decide which which expression best completes the sentence. (1:07:52) I'll only give you a few seconds, so hit pause and take as much time as you need. So let's do this one together. Which option is it, AB or C? And the answer is a bring someone up to speed. Now notice how I also completed the sentence. You can do that as well for additional practice to make sure you get the grammar correct. (1:08:20) So those are the instructions. Now let's continue on with the next question. No. So was that quiz a breeze? (1:10:03) Let us know your score in the comments below. Now that you've already expanded your vocabulary, let's do something different. We're going to read a news article together and you're going to learn 42. English phrases Let me read the headline. Netherlands phone ban announced to stop school disruptions. (1:10:26) A ban? What does this mean? When you ban something, it means that it is no longer available or allowed. No longer available or allowed. Here the word. Ban is not the verb of the sentence. It's being used as the subject, the phone ban. So it's a noun. The verb in the sentence is a noun in the past. Simple A noun. (1:10:53) So you can use ban as a noun or as a verb. As a verb you could say the Netherlands banned phones in schools, so this is the verb in the past. Simple. I could also say this article is about the Netherlands phone ban. So here ban is being used as a noun. Now you may notice also that I said the Netherlands, the Netherlands phone ban. (1:11:24) The Netherlands as a country is an exception and it takes an article. Countries in general don't take articles, but there are certain exceptions, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands. So keep that in mind, but make sure you don't put it on most countries because they don't take articles. (1:11:47) Let's continue Devices, including mobile phones, are set to be banned from classrooms to stop them from disrupting learning. Are set to be banned when something is set. To. And then you have the infinitive. It means that it is about to. For example, the party is set and then we have our infinitive. (1:12:14) So our verb to be the party is set to start. Now maybe this is in the past, so you would change this. The party was set to start at 7:00 PM, but it started at 8:00. So this was. The set time and then this is the actual time, so set to be banned, to be banned because the mobile phones are receiving the ban, they're not the ones doing the action, they're receiving the action. (1:12:49) So we commonly use that for a verb ban as well. To be banned, you might say. My. Sugar. Was banned in my house to be banned. Sugar was banned in my house. Now, using an active sentence, you could say my mom, my dad, my parents banned sugar in our house. Which could be a. Common thing that's banned Devices, including mobile phones, are set to be banned from classrooms to stop them from disrupting learning. (1:13:30) When something disrupts something, it prevents it from operating or performing as usual or as expected. So I'll put that here for you to prevent something from continuing as usual or as expected. And that's what what the phones are doing in the classroom and that's why they've been banned. (1:13:55) To be banned, they've been banned. I've summarized all the notes from this lesson and you can download the free Lessonpedia. Simply look in the description for the link to download it. Let's continue the initiative. So the initiative is the Netherlands plan to ban mobile phones. The initiative is being introduced in collaboration with schools and is to take effect at the start of next year. (1:14:27) So to take effect, this is just when it will start. So you can say the initiative will start at the start of next year. In this case, start means the beginning of next year. I don't know if they mean calendar year or school year, because those are different, but to take effect simply means to to start being operational. (1:14:57) So another common expression is to come into effect, to come into effect, and this is to become operational or to become law. Because we use this a lot with policies or rules, you could say that the regulation will come into effect. So when it comes into effect and is operational, it is in fact the law. (1:15:23) So you'll see this a lot with. With. Government, our new policy, our new tax change comes into effect on August 1st and then they can list a specific date or they might say comes into effect soon in the new year. It doesn't have to be a specific date come into effect or take effect when it will officially start or become operational. (1:15:58) There will be some exceptions. Now, if there is an exception, it means that certain people or certain times won't follow the policy. So the policy that phones are banned applies to everyone except the people who. Are. Exceptions, so it doesn't apply to them. So this is when a rule or policy doesn't apply. (1:16:32) So they'll identify the exceptions there are, including for students with medical needs or a disability. So those are two of the. Exceptions and then for classes focused on digital skills, so this could be another one. You likely use the conjunction except a lot. For example, I study English every day except Sunday. (1:17:00) So you're listing the day that doesn't apply. Sunday doesn't apply to. This. Using the word exception you could say I say the English Everyday Sunday is my only exception exception. So here you're just. Using it in a different way, a shorter way, but they mean the exact same thing. Let's continue the ban. (1:17:27) So here they're using it as our noun. Noun. The ban is not legally enforceable, so you can't enforce it. Make someone follow that legally, but may become so in the future. So become so means it may become legally enforceable, but right now it's not. Let's continue. Even though mobile phones are almost intertwined with our lives, Let's take a look here at Intertwined. (1:18:07) Intertwined means that something is closely connected and difficult to separate. We do have. More of a literal definition of this. You probably have a drawer in your house where there are just lots of random cords. So if this white cord is difficult to separate from this black cord, you can say they're intertwined. (1:18:29) They're connected and difficult to separate. Right now they're not intertwined. But then if I mix them all. Together. They can become intertwined so. This is more of a literal. Meaning, and we do use it, especially in this situation, which does seem to happen to me, but we also have more of a figurative meaning, you might say. (1:18:52) Our lives are intertwined, so maybe this is you and your best friend, or you and your significant other. Or. You and a colleague even, and you are so close together. You have all of these areas that you share and it's difficult to separate your life from your best friend's life because they're so intertwined. (1:19:28) So we do use this a lot with very close relationships as well. Our lives are intertwined. Even though mobile phones are almost intertwined, with our lives so closely connected, they're difficult to separate. Could you imagine separating your day-to-day life from your mobile? Will that be difficult because it's so intertwined? They do not belong in the classroom. (1:19:57) What do you think? Do you agree with this statement? Share your opinion Do you agree that mobile phones don't belong in the classroom? What do you think? Yes, I agree. No, I don't agree and you can share the reason why, said the education minister. Students must be able to concentrate their their being in the classroom. (1:20:23) When you see there, you always have to look back at the last location because in this case there represents a location over there and the last location is the classroom. Students must be able to concentrate there in the classroom and be given every opportunity to learn well. I see a lot of mistakes with this sentence structure and it is pretty basic, I'll be honest, but I still see a lot of mistakes with it. (1:20:57) The sentence structure is to be able to do something. So here you have your verb to be. You can conjugate your verb according to the subject and the time reference able does not change, it's always able. And then you have your infinitive. So you could say we weren't able to locate the file. We. (1:21:25) Weren't because this is my verb to be which is conjugated with my subject and the time reference which is the past simple and I turned it into the negative as well. We were not able to locate the file. Now I am able to come to the party. I'm able to so my subject, my verb able doesn't change and then the infinitive very common, very basic sentence structure here, but I still see mistakes with this. (1:22:01) So take some time and practice this. Students must be able to concentrate. Now must is a modal verb. So notice after a modal verb, we don't use the infinitive. You have modal verb plus your base verb, which is just the the verb without to students must be able to concentrate there and be given every opportunity to learn well. (1:22:28) We know from scientific research that mobile phones disrupt this and then we already learned disrupt here disrupt is being used as a verb. They disrupt this. This is their ability to concentrate and learn well. Previous we looked at disrupt as a verb as well, but it was in the ING form because it followed a preposition. (1:22:55) From is a preposition after prepositions. You have your gerund verb with ING, and here we simply have it as our present simple conjugated with mobile phones, which is our subject. They, they disrupt this, they disrupt this. Various studies have found limiting children's screen time is linked to improved cognition and concentration. (1:23:24) OK, so limiting children's screen time, this is the action and this is linked to. Is linked to. You can think of this is linked to to show connection. So we have one thing limiting children's screen time, and then we have another thing, improved cognition and concentration. If something is linked to something, it means they're connected because this is a link. (1:23:57) You can think of a chain link in a fence. They're connected. So that's to be linked. To so their. Verb. Here our expression is to be linked to to be linked to. Now, we generally use this expression when you want to show that one thing has an effect on another thing. So there's a cause and effect relationship. (1:24:23) So again, our one thing exercising, our next thing. Reduced. Heart attacks and I want to show there's a cause and effect relationship. Exercising causes the effect of reduced heart attacks. Exercising has been linked to reduced heart attacks, so here's the expression to be linked to. So my verb is in the present perfect, and then I have my infinitive to be linked to. (1:24:55) Let's continue. Other tech, including tablets and smartwatches, are also included in the ban. The government said it would be up to individual schools to agree the exact rules with teachers, parents and pupils. This sounds a little weird to me because we don't use agree and then directly whatever you're agreeing to notice because you agree to something. (1:25:30) So I think it's just there is missing a preposition here, individual schools to agree to the exact rules because you agree to something, you don't just agree something. I agreed stay late. This sounds weird. It does not sound correct. I agreed stay late. I agreed to stay late. Now it sounds great. (1:25:57) This means you accepted your boss said can you stay late and you said, yes, I can stay late. I agreed to stay late. So that's why we need this preposition here to agree to the exact rules with teachers. Now notice the government said it would be up to to be up to and then we have a someone or a something. (1:26:23) The individual schools, well, it represents the teachers and the administrators at the school. So technically it is a someone when something is. Up. To someone it means they have the ability to make the decision. It's their decision to make. So a friend could say, do you want to have pizza or pasta tonight? And then you can say it's up to you, it's up to you. (1:26:59) You're saying you decide. It's your responsibility. I'm giving you responsibility to make the decision. It's up to you. You can decide if we're having pizza or pasta. It's up to you. So the government said it would be up to the individual schools to agree to the exact rules with teachers, parents and pupils. (1:27:26) So the schools have to decide on the rules, including whether they wanted to completely ban devices from. Schools. OK, so schools have the flexibility to decide? The announcement follows a similar decision by Finland last week. If something follows something, it means it comes next. Just like if this is Sally and this is Larry, you could say Larry is following Sally. (1:27:57) He's coming next. So something follows something, it comes next. I'll write that for you. So this means that Finland announced before the Netherlands announced, because the announcement by the Netherlands followed Finland's announcement. So first Finland announced and then the Netherlands announced the ban. (1:28:27) Other countries, including England and France, have also proposed banning. When you propose something, it means you suggest it. So they haven't decided, they're considering it. So when you propose something, you suggest it for consideration. To suggest something, something for decision or consideration. (1:28:56) They have also proposed banning mobile phones to improve learning. So propose you may be more familiar with this word from a proposal. When someone proposes to someone, they say will you marry me because you're suggesting marriage? But. It's the other person who gets to consider your proposal and then decide. (1:29:27) So we use that Will you marry me? This is will you marry me? This is the words used when someone proposes the traditional words. You can say other things, but this is the traditional way to propose. When someone proposes and what are they proposing? They're proposing merit. You don't need to say that. (1:29:50) You don't need to say, oh wow, Sally proposed marriage to Tom. Well, generally the guy proposes, but why not? A girl can propose to, but I'll say it the more traditional way. Oh wow, Tom proposed to Sally and you proposed to someone. Did you hear that, Tom? Proposed to. Sally, so you propose marriage, but you don't need to say that it's implied to someone. (1:30:26) And how did Tom do that? He said, Sally, I love you, will you marry me? And then hopefully he gave her a ring and some flowers and some other special items. And then Sally will say yes or no, or I have to think about it. And we'll consider that proposal, that proposal. And that is the end of our lesson. (1:30:53) So what I'll do is I'll go to the top and I will read it from start to finish. And this time you can focus on my pronunciation. Netherlands phone ban announced to stop school disruptions Devices, including mobile phones are said to be banned from classrooms to stop them from disrupting learning, the Dutch government has announced. (1:31:18) The initiative is being introduced in collaboration with schools and is to take effect at the start of next year. There will be some exceptions, including for students with medical needs or a disability, and for classes focused on digital skills. The ban is not legally enforceable but may become so in the future. (1:31:40) Even though mobile phones are almost intertwined with our lives, they do not belong in the classroom, said the education minister. Students must be able to concentrate there and be given every opportunity to learn well. We know from scientific research that mobile phones disrupt this. Various studies have found limiting children's screen time is linked to improve cognition and concentration. (1:32:07) Other tech, including tablets and smartwatches, are also included in the Dutch ban. The government said it would be up to individual schools to agree the exact rules with teachers, parents and pupils, including whether they wanted to completely ban devices from schools. The announcement follows a similar decision by Finland last week. (1:32:31) Other countries, including England and France, have also proposed banning mobile phones to improve learning. Now let's keep going and you'll read a more advanced news article and you'll learn 40 English phrases. Our headline The young workers dressing to stand out. As you can see, her outfit really stands out. (1:32:56) Imagine there are all these other workers and they're wearing a plain white shirt and black pants and she is wearing this very bright, colorful and vintage outfit. She would stand out. The phrasal verb stand out. This means to be noticeable, to be noticeable in a group. So you have a group of different objects and one of them is more noticeable than the others. (1:33:25) That object stands out. And it could stand out because of its size, it's bigger than the others or smaller its colour or other reasons as well. So to stand out, to be very noticeable and especially compared to other things or even people. So she stands out because of her outfit, her outfit, what she's wearing. (1:33:55) Let's continue on. Traditional thinking has generally been to dress to fit into the workplace. Here's another phrasal verb to fit in. So the phrasal verb is to fit in, but when you specify the noun, in this case the workplace, then we add into to fit into the workplace. So I'll highlight all of this. (1:34:23) So the phrasal verb to fit in is when you have a feeling that you belong or are accepted. When you're a new employee, you might not feel like you fit in. Or if you're new to a neighborhood or a sports team or any group of people, a new school, that's a great example, You might not feel like you fit in. (1:34:49) You might not feel like you belong or are accepted. And unfortunately, a lot of my students don't feel like they fit in because of their English skills. So of course to not fit in isn't a good feeling. You want to feel like you belong and are accepted. You want to feel like you fit in. So to fit into the workplace, a feeling of belonging or being accepted by a group. (1:35:24) So they're saying traditionally you would wear the same clothes that your Co workers wear. So you fit in, you have this sense of belonging. But this person here is doing something different. She's dressing to stand out, to be more noticeable, which could have the impact that she doesn't fit in. (1:35:49) Let's find out. But in the pandemic era, these rules are going by the wayside. When something goes by the wayside, it means it's it's gone, it's no longer followed, it's outdated. And in this case, they're talking about a rule. So by saying the rule has gone by the way wayside, it means nobody is following that rule anymore. (1:36:20) So here's the definition here. Now, of course, in our modern era of technology, we could say that landlines, phones that are connected in your house, landline lines have gone by the wayside. No one really uses them anymore, right? So in this case, you can use it. When you use something, you stop using it or you stop following a certain rule or practice. (1:36:50) Monica Saleh. That's the woman here who dresses to stand out. Monica Saleh doesn't wear your average business casual clothing at the office. Instead, the 31 year old software marketing manager has become well known for her love of rare vintage fashion at a large tech firm where she works in Indianapolis, US. (1:37:19) OK, vintage, vintage clothing is clothing from older decades or older generations, so from the 50s or 60s or 70s. So not from this modern time is from a past time or a past generation. And we can see an example of vintage clothing here, so. This. Pattern. This color combination was very popular in, I don't know, maybe the 60s or the 70s. (1:37:56) And this shirt was made in the 60s or 70s. And this represents vintage. And they also had this adjective here rare. So a rare, of course, means not common, difficult to find. So it's not easy to find clothing that was made from the 60s or 70s, vintage clothing. You have to go to very special stores. (1:38:26) So not common, not common, not easy to find. Now let's take a look at her job title. She's a software marketing manager. Now, a lot of times I hear mistakes when students say their job title because they don't use an article. You have to use an article. I'm a software manager. I'm an accountant, so N if you have a vowel sound and then ah if you have a consonant sound. (1:39:06) Don't forget that article. It sounds very beginner English and you might not fit in and you would stand out in a negative way. You would stand out because it's obvious that English isn't your first language if you make such a basic mistake like forgetting to put an article in front of your job title. (1:39:29) So don't make that mistake. And if you do want to stand out in the workplace, be noticeable for your good qualities. Then I want you to download this free speaking guide where I share 6 tips on how to speak English frequently and confidently. This is absolutely free. It's available on my website, so you can just look in the description for the link to download it absolutely free. (1:39:57) And you can also find the link to download all the notes from the lesson in the description below. Let's continue on her outfits. So an outfit is a complete set of. Of. Clothing that you wear, so it includes your shirt, your pants, your shoes. So it's everything that you're wearing is considered your outfit. (1:40:26) So not just your shirt. You can only see my shirt now, but it would be my shirt and my pants. And even if I had shoes or a purse, all of that together would be considered an outfit. So her outfit, the total of all the clothes she's wearing. So in her case, the outfit would include her shirt, her pants, You can't really see it, but it looks like she has some colorful socks, her shoes. (1:41:03) And let's say she was wearing a belt as well, That would be part of her outfit. Her outfits are a far cry from the average plain T-shirt and jeans. If something is a far cry from something else, it means it's very different from very different from very different from. So it's saying that her colleagues just wear, you know, you're plain white, Gray or blue T-shirt and jeans. (1:41:41) That's your casual business attire, your outfit. But she wears something very different. So her outfits, what she wears, the total of what she wears is very different from other outfit. It's a far cry from now. One thing that my students find is that studying English is a far cry from using English in the real world. (1:42:18) So they get comfortable studying English in the classroom. But then they get out there, they go to a party with native English speakers, or they go to a meeting or a networking event or just to work and being in the real world and using your English, communicating with native speakers is a far cry from communicating with your teacher in the classroom. (1:42:49) And that's why a lot of students feel like they don't fit in and they stand out in a negative way. They stand out because their accent is too strong or they use very unnatural expressions, right? So this is how you can use this expression of far cry from. Her outfits are a far cry from the average plain T-shirt and jeans she sees among her colleagues. (1:43:15) And she says her bold style has become a great talking point with them. When something is a talking point is just a a conversational topic. It's something you talk about. That's all that means. So her outfits are a talking point. It's something when she sees her colleagues, they say, oh wow. (1:43:39) Where? Did you get that shirt? Tell me more about it. What generation is it from? Who designed it? That's how it's a talking point. So here's a quote so this because we have these quotation marks here, it means that this woman, what's her name again? Monica, this woman Monica is now saying these words. (1:44:05) So she said having that opportunity to breakdown walls. When you breakdown walls, it just means to eliminate them. So it's a metaphorical wall. It's saying here I am and here my colleague is, and there's a wall between us. So we don't communicate easily. But if we eliminate that wall, if we breakdown that wall, then now I can hi, I can easily communicate with my colleague. (1:44:35) Having that opportunity to breakdown walls with people across different teams by talking about my outfits. This is how she breaks down the walls. So how she initiates conversation with her colleagues about her outfits is pretty awesome, she says. The company I work for is pretty large, and ever since I've been here, my notoriety has been extended through my fashion and what I wear. (1:45:03) Being around people who might not know as much about these designers and catching their eye has always been an icebreaker. So an icebreaker is a way to initiate a conversation with someone. So if you're at a party or a networking event or even a meeting and there are a lot of new people and you've never met those people, you want an icebreaker. (1:45:34) You want a way to initiate a conversation with someone. So at a party, an icebreaker could be a simple question. Oh, so how do you know Jane? If it's Jane's party and you could go up to each person and that's your icebreaker. That's how you initiate conversation. How do you know Jane? How long have you known Jane? And you can talk about the host because both of you know Jane. (1:46:05) So an icebreaker is a way to initiate, which is a way of same start to initiate conversation for the first time. So after you initiate that conversation, then the icebreaker is complete. All right, let's move on. Sally is not the only person pushing back against traditional office wear conventions. (1:46:39) OK? When you push back against something, it means you resist it. You say I don't agree with that. I don't want to do that. So you resist something to resist something. So let's say your office has a new policy that says everyone must wear a suit and a tie to work. But before you wore jeans and AT shirt. (1:47:15) So a lot of people could be upset about the change and they could push back against because against is part of the expression. You push back against something, which means you say, no, I don't want to do that. I don't agree with that. I don't think that's a good idea. That's how you push back against something. (1:47:38) So she's pushing back against your traditional T-shirt and jeans by wearing this very vintage rare clothing that makes her stand out, be very noticeable. So she's not the only person pushing back against traditional office wear conventions with many showing off their unconventional office attire. (1:48:07) Attire is another word for outfit. So you could say office attire or office outfits. Notice here if you have outfit, you need it with an S there because there's more than one their outfits. But a tire does not take a possess of plural form. Sorry. So you just keep it without the S there a tire is inappropriate, but you would have to say their outfits are inappropriate. (1:48:51) Remember, you have to conjugate your verb with whatever the subject is. So here their attire, but because it's singular, it represents it. It is inappropriate. Their outfits because it's plural, it's they, they are inappropriate. OK, but it means the exact same thing, it's just a different word for it. (1:49:16) And remember, an outfit is the totality of your clothing, of what you're wearing. So many are showing off. When you show off, it means that you just make it known to other people. So to show off their attire on social media, Well, how would you show off your attire? You would take a picture of it and you would post it on social media with a headline and a hashtag in an attempt to have it seen by a large number of people. (1:49:56) So that's how you would show it off, it being your attire. Some workers, especially younger ones, are swapping out mundane white shirt, black trouser combos with lux loungewear sets. All right, lots. To review here, so first let's. Talk about our adjectives. We have mundane. This is very ordinary, not interesting. (1:50:29) Could be a little bit boring, right? Because if it's very ordinary, very ordinary, not interesting. So that really probably represents boring. So a white shirt, black trousers, that's pretty mundane. Everybody wears that. So it's a little bit boring. It doesn't stand out, but you probably fit in pretty easily wearing that. (1:50:56) OK, so that's mundane. Now, Combos is short for combination. Combination, so you can shorten it to combo. You see this a lot in fast food restaurants. McDonald's, you could have a burger with fries and a drink. That's a combo. It's a combination of three different items into one meal. A combo. (1:51:24) OK, And then lux is short form for luxury. But in this case, we're using it as an adjective. So what do we need? Luxurious Notice the pronunciation. Luxurious. Luxurious. So this as you can see, we have our Lux and we just take. The short form. It's not the most common to be honest. I would personally say luxurious or luxury. (1:51:58) I wouldn't shorten it to lux but that's what they did here. OK now our phrasal verb to swap out. Now you swap out one thing for another thing, which means you just replace one thing for another thing. So first I had my mundane white T-shirt, but I swapped it out for this flower shirt so I stand out. (1:52:29) OK, so you replace one thing with another thing. Are swapping out. Replace, I'll just say replace A with B. So white T-shirt is A and then these luxurious loungewear sets, that's B. So you swap it out and that's the end of the article. So perhaps if you want to stand out at work, you can consider wearing vintage clothing. (1:53:00) That's the moral of the story here. So now what I'll do is I'll read the article from start to finish, and this time you can focus on my pronunciation, the young workers dressing to stand out. Traditional thinking has generally been to dress to fit into the workplace, but in the pandemic era, these rules are going by the wayside for some employees. (1:53:25) Monica Saleh doesn't wear your average business casual clothing at the office. Instead, the 31 year old software marketing manager has become well known for her love of rare vintage fashion at the large tech firm where she works in Indianapolis, US. Her outfits are a far cry from the average plain T-shirt and jeans she sees among her colleagues, and she says her bold style has become a great talking point with them. (1:53:58) Having that opportunity to break down walls with people across different teams by talking about my outfits is pretty awesome, she says. The company I work for is pretty large and ever since I've been here, my notoriety has been extended through my fashion and what I wear. Being around people who might not know as much about these designers and catching their eye has always been an icebreaker. (1:54:26) Sally is not the only person pushing back against traditional office wear conventions, with many showing off their unconventional office attire on social and media. Some workers, especially younger ones, are swapping out mundane white shirt and black trouser combos for lux loungewear sets. Amazing job. (1:54:48) Do you want me to make another master class? If you do, put master class master class, put master class in the comments. And of course, make sure you like this lesson, share it with your friends and subscribe so you're notified every time I post a new lesson. And you can get this free speaking guide where I share 6 tips on how to speak English fluently and confidently. (1:55:09) You can click here to download it or look for the link in the description. And I have another class I know you'll love. Make sure you watch it right now.(11) Harris vs Trump Presidential Debate 🇺🇸 Learn English with the News - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6ObkYtq6EE Transcript: (00:00) Today, we're going to review a news article about the 2024 presidential debate between Kamala Harris and Donald Trump. And from this, you are going to improve all areas of your fluency. Welcome back to JForrest English. Of course, I'm Jennifer. Now let's get started. First, I'll read the headline Who won the Harris Trump presidential debate? On the left we have Kamala Harris and on the right we have Donald Trump. (00:30) Donald Trump and Kamala Harris met for the first time on the presidential debate stage in Philadelphia on Tuesday night. Now, of course here notice the importance of saying for the first time, this means that prior to the debate, for before the debate, these two people had not met in person. Most likely they had phone calls with each other, but they had not seen each other in person. (00:58) So that's meant for the first time. Let's review these sentences. I'm meeting my boss tonight so you can meet. The verb is meet is in the present continuous because it's a planned action in the near future. I'm meeting my boss tonight, but you can use this for social purposes as well. (01:21) I'm meeting my friends tonight, so you can use the verb to meet someone in a professional or social context, but let's review this one. I have a meeting notice here. What do you notice about this word compared to this word? A meeting. This is a noun. And you know it's a noun because you have an article, a meeting, and the main verb is have I have a meeting with my boss tonight. (01:58) You don't have to specify with my boss, which is why this is in parentheses. It's optional. You could simply say I have a meeting tonight. And then someone might ask you, oh, who are you meeting with? Who are you meeting? But notice that this is not used in social situations. If you have a meeting, it's for a professional purpose. (02:23) So you can only use this in professional situations. On meeting the noun. But you can use the verb meet in both social and professional situations. Don't worry about taking these notes because I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF. You can find the link in the description. So they met for the first time on the presidential debate stage in Philadelphia on Tuesday night. (02:50) Always pay attention to prepositions because notice we have on and then day of the week on Tuesday night. If it included a time, what preposition would you use with the time? The preposition is at at 8:00 PM Eastern Time. In a situation like this where there's a global audience, it's important and helpful to include the time zone, which is usually just an initial ET Eastern Time. (03:21) They may have shaken hands, but they did not hit it off. This is a very clever thing to say. Do you understand the meaning of this? Do you understand what is being communicated here? So they may have shaken hands. This means they shook hands. So although they used the modal verb may, which is often used for possibility, it may rain. (03:48) In this case it isn't a possibility they shook hands. So shaken is the third form of the verb. The past simple is shook. So when you go like this with someone, you shake hands. So Kamala Harris and Donald Trump shook hands, but they did not hit it off. Do you understand the meaning of to hit it off? To hit it off is an idiom. (04:17) It means to quickly have a good connection or bond with someone that you met. So you might say my new Co worker is awesome. We really hit it off. So you met your new Co worker for the first time and very quickly you felt a close connection to that Co worker. You felt like you had a lot in common or this is a person you can easily, we talk to, spend a lot of time with. (04:47) Basically you like that person, you hit it off. We really hit it off. So as an idiom, we just use hit it off the IT represents your relationship with each other. So hopefully you think Jennifer and I hit it off. Jennifer and I hit it off. Now I know we haven't met each other in person, but we can still have a good relationship or a close connection. (05:15) And hopefully you felt that way when you first started watching my videos. If so, you can say Jennifer and I hit it off. If you agree with that, that we hit it off, put that's right. That's right. I certainly hope you feel that way. Put that's right in the comments. Are you enjoying this lesson? If you are, then I want to tell you about the finally fluent Academy. (05:39) This is my premium training program where we study native English speakers from TV, the movies, YouTube and the news. So you can improve your listening skills of fast English, expand your vocabulary with natural expressions, and learn advanced grammar easily. Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach. (06:01) You can look in the for the link to learn more, or you can go to my website and click on finally fluent Academy. Now let's continue with our lesson in a fiery 90 minutes. Harris frequently rattled the former president with personal attacks that threw him off message First, let's look at fiery fiery. (06:26) This sounds like it was an intense, energetic, fiery. So this is an adjective. You could say we had a fiery conversation, you had a conversation with someone, but it was intense, full of energy, and it could also be very passionate as well. So it makes sense they would use this adjective to describe the debate in a fiery 90 minutes. (06:54) 90 minutes being the length of the debate in a fiery 90 minutes. Harris frequently so adverb of frequency. It means it happened a lot more than it didn't happen. Harris frequently rattled. Do you know what this means to rattle someone? This is a verb to rattle, rattle. This means to make someone feel nervous, unsettled, or confused. (07:26) Now notice the sentence structure here. Harris rattled the former president, the former president being Donald Trump. So Harris rattled Donald Trump. Harris made Donald Trump feel nervous, unsettled, or confused. This is commonly used in the passive voice. For example, the presenter. The person presenting the presenter was rattled by the unexpected question. (07:54) So they received the question and they became nervous or unsettled. They lost their ability to communicate because of this unexpected question. But you can use it in the active voice and say the unexpected question. This is the subject rattled the presenter. So your verb is rattle, and you need to conjugate that. (08:17) It's very likely that you could get rattled in a job interview or Nils exam or anytime you're speaking in English. And that's why I'm here to help. So again, put that's right, that's right in the comments. Harris frequently rattled the former president with personal attacks. So this is how she made him feel nervous or unsettled or confused. (08:43) It was with personal attacks that threw him off message here. This threw him off message means that the personal attacks made him become off message. Now off message represents that in a debate Trump has prepared just like you would prepare for a job interview or you're IELTS. He knows what he wants to say on a specific issue, let's say the economy. (09:15) He has the specific points he wants to make, but because he was rattled, he didn't talk about those specific points, which were his message. He talked about other points which were not his message. So that is off message when he talked about things that he shouldn't have been talking about at that moment in time. (09:44) Let's continue. Her pointed digs on the size of his rally crowns his conduct during the capital riot and on the officials who served in his administration who have since become outspoken and critics of his campaign. Repeatedly left Trump on the back foot. This isn't the most common expression, to be honest, But repeatedly left Trump on the back foot. (10:12) You can think of it as repeatedly rattled Trump, repeatedly threw him off message words that we already reviewed. You could replace that here. Repeatedly made him defensive. You could think of as well, and you might be wondering what pointed digs means. To be honest, this also is not that commonly used, but the replacement words are. (10:39) So criticism would represent digs. Her digs on the size, her criticism on the size. So criticism is a noun form. Criticize is the verb to criticize. So when you criticize someone or something, you talk about it negatively. So if you say Jennifer, this video was not good, you criticized my video, you said something negative about it. (11:10) So that is criticism. So I could say, wow, that criticism, it hurt my feelings, but I will use it to make my videos better. Now pointed means direct. So you can indirectly criticize someone. You might say, well, Jennifer, you your other videos were better than this one. So you're indirectly saying you didn't like this video. (11:38) So indirect, your other videos were better direct. This video is not good. So she was directly criticizing Trump, her pointed digs. This is the noun form. But again, I think using the word criticism or criticize as the verb and using direct or indirect would be more common. Although now you know what this means if you see it in the future. (12:06) So her criticism and then this is what she was criticizing him on. You criticize someone on something. That's the preposition. Let's continue the pattern for much of this debate was Harris provoking her Republican rival into making extended defenses of his past conduct and comments. So this extended defenses of his past conduct and comments, you could say provoking her Republican rival, this is Donald Trump, provoking Donald Trump into the back foot, which would be into this defensive stance. (12:51) But again, it would probably be more common just to say the word defensive to become defensive. Let's review these two words because they are very commonly used in both professional and social everyday situations. So to provoke, this is a verb and this means to deliberately, deliberately means on purpose to deliberately cause a negative reaction in someone. (13:19) This is something that siblings do with each other when they're young and even when they're old. Friends do this, Co workers do this. It exists in both professional and social situations. So a parent might say stop provoking your sister. So stop doing things on purpose to make your sister angry, upset, annoyed or frustrated. (13:45) Some sort of negative reaction. Now here defenses. This is a noun, but the verb form is to be defensive, to be defensive. So the verb is be, and then defensive is the adjective. You can have the verb to defend like a soldier or even a mother defends her children, an animal defends their territory, for example. (14:18) But to be defensive, this is defensive is an adjective. And this is when you protect yourself from criticism or attack, usually by justifying your actions or behaviors. So remember, you criticized my video, and you said you directly criticized my video and said, Jennifer, this video is not good. Now, maybe you were trying to provoke me. (14:45) Maybe you said this on purpose to make me angry or upset for whatever reason. But regardless, maybe I become defensive and I tried to justify this video and say, well, you don't know what you're talking about. You don't understand what a good video is. This video is amazing. You're just an idiot. (15:10) That could be how I'm trying to defend myself and that is being defensive. So that is how 1 can be defensive, which is a common reaction in that situation, which is why I'm sharing it because it's very commonly used in personal and professional situations. Let's move on. He gladly obliged. (15:34) OK, So he gladly obliged if he obliged. Remember, Kamala Harris was trying to provoke him to make defenses about his past conduct and comments comments rather than staying on message. And he obliged, which means he did what she wanted him to do. He gladly obliged, raising his voice. So to raise one's voice means to speak louder at times and shaking his head. (16:11) So what I'm doing now is I'm shaking my head. We commonly do this when we're angry or annoyed. We shake our heads. So you can imagine he's raising his voice and shaking his head, both of which are taking him off message, which is what she wanted to do. If debates are won and lost on which candidate best takes advantage of issues where they are strong and defends or deflects on areas of weakness. (16:45) Tuesday night tilted in favor of the vice president. Let's review the sentence structure for to take advantage of something because this is very commonly used. So of course, your verb is take. That's what you'll conjugate advantage doesn't change and then of and you can have a noun or a gerund verb. (17:08) Here we have a noun issues, but if you have a verb it would be the gerund because you have a preposition of which is part of the expression. The expression expression is to take advantage of something or doing something. And this means to use a situation, the something or doing something to your benefit. (17:32) So for example, he took advantage of. So take is our verb. This is in the past simple. He took advantage of working. So this is the gerund verb of working from home. So he benefited from this situation. The situation is working from home and how did he benefit to spend more time with his family? You don't have to include this part. (17:58) The sentence is complete right here. He took advantage of working from home and it might be obvious how he benefited from that situation, but you can provide the specific reason as well. Now we talked about defend. Let's look at deflect. When you deflect, it means you avoid usually answering a question and you do it on purpose. (18:25) So to purposely avoid. And you might do that by changing the topic. So in a job interview, if they ask you a question but you don't want to answer the question for whatever reason, you could try to change the topic to something else. So that is you deflecting the question. So in this case, deflecting on areas of weakness so to try to avoid talking about your areas of weakness, which seems like a good strategy in a job interview and high health a conversation you're having with your friend or Co worker. (19:10) Any situation you might want to use this tactic of deflecting Tuesday night tilted in favor. So imagine we have these represent the people who are voting. So we have the people voting for Kamala Harris, the people voting for Donald Trump. So if it tilts in her favor, it means that more people support Kamala Harris. (19:38) So it's even, but then it tilts in her favor. But it could be the opposite. It's even and it tilts in Trump's favor. So it means that the more people are supporting or accepting one person over another or 1 issue over another. Let's continue. A snap CNN poll of voters watching said that Harris performed better and betting markets said the same. (20:10) So CNN, this is a different news outlet. The article we're reviewing is from the BBC, but this article from the BBC is referencing a poll from CNN. Let's review Snap because this is commonly used. So this means suddenly or quickly, but so suddenly or quickly that there isn't enough time for careful consideration. (20:39) So it's letting you know that this poll where voters say I think Harris won, I think Trump won, it was a snap. So that is to snap, the verb to snap. And it happens very quickly, right? So it was a snap poll, meaning that the voters didn't have a lot of time to carefully consider who won or who lost. (21:06) Let's review these example sentences because this is commonly used. First impressions are important, so when you meet someone for the first time, how they think of you after their first impression is important because people make snap judgements, so they judge you quickly and suddenly without carefully considering. (21:31) It's a snap judgement. This is also used with decisions. You can make a snap decision, which means you do it careful, quickly or suddenly. Not carefully, quickly or suddenly without careful consideration. I made a snap decision and accepted the job. So you didn't carefully consider it. It was a snap decision. (21:56) Debate watchers said 63% to 37% that Harris turned in a better performance on stage in Philadelphia. So turned in a better performance. I don't think this is the most common way to say this. I would just say that Harris performed better on stage in Philadelphia. I think that's a clearer way. And it's not very common to say I turned in a great performance. (22:25) That isn't an expression I hear too much. You can turn in an assignment, which means you submit an assignment. So if you turn in a presentation, to me that sounds like you submit a presentation for review. So honestly, I wouldn't say this. I would just say performed better. I think that's a lot clearer prior to the debate. (22:54) So notice when you use prior, you need the preposition to. So you have prior to and this means before before the debate. Prior to. This is important because if you have a verb, you need the gerund verb. But the same with before, because before is also a preposition. So you could use a verb and say prior to watching the debate or before watching the debate or before the debate because they mean the same thing. (23:30) Prior to the debate, the same voters were evenly split. So evenly split means like this. So about 5050, not exactly. It could be a little more, a little less, but then remember it tilted in Kamala's favor, so more people supported or favored Kamala as the winner. But prior to the debate, the same voters were evenly split on which candidate would perform more strongly, with 50% saying Harris would do so and 50% that Trump would. (24:09) So that's the split. The vast majority, vast makes it sound stronger. Majority means the biggest part, but that could be 51% to 49 percent. 51 is still the majority because it's bigger, but the vast majority sounds more like 80% or 75%. So it makes it stronger. The vast majority who tuned in, if you tune in to something on TV, YouTube, social media, if you tune in, it means you watch. (24:53) So I could say make sure you tune in to my next lesson. Make sure you watch my next lesson. So the vast majority who watched, who tuned in, said it had no effect on their presidential decision. OK, so the people who watched the debate, even though it tilted in Kamala's favor, more people thought she won. (25:20) It had no effect on their presidential decision. Which means just because they thought she won the debate doesn't mean they're going to vote for her necessarily. Although among the debate watchers, Trump supporters were more likely than Harris supporters to say the event, The debate gave them reason to reconsider. (25:48) OK, so if you reconsider, remember when you add re before a verb and the pronunciation is a long E re reconsider. It means you do the verb again. So this means to consider again. So if you make a snap decision later, you might want to reconsider that decision. You might want to think about it more because in reality, you didn't consider it in the first place because it was a snap decision. (26:27) I wrote that example for you because snap decision, snap judgement is very commonly used so you can get comfortable using it. And that's the end of our article. So what I'll do now is I'll read the article from start to finish, and this time you can focus on my pronunciation. Who won the Harris, Trump presidential debate? Donald Trump and Kamala Harris met for the first time on the presidential debate stage in Philadelphia on Tuesday night. (26:55) They may have shaken hands, but they did not hit it off in a fiery 90 minutes. Harris frequently rattled the former president with personal attacks that threw him off message. Her pointed digs on the size of his rally crowns, his conduct during the capital riot and on the officials who served in his administration who have since become outspoken critics of his campaign, repeatedly left Trump on the back foot. (27:25) The pattern for much of this debate was Harris provoking her Republican rival into making extended defenses of his past conduct and comments. He gladly obliged, raising his voice at times and shaking his head. If debates are won and lost on which candidate best takes advantage of issues where they are strong and defends or deflects on areas of weakness. (27:50) Tuesday night tilted in favor of the vice president. A snap CNN pool of voters watching said that Harris performed better and betting market said the same. Debate watchers said 63% to 37% that Harris turned in a better performance on stage in Philadelphia. Prior to the debate, the same voters were evenly split on which candidate would perform more strongly, with 50% saying Harris would do so and 50% that Trump would. (28:23) The vast majority who tuned in said it had no effect on the presidential decision, although among the debate watchers, Trump supporters were more likely than Harris supporters to say the event gave them reason to reconsider. Do you want me to make more lessons just like this? If you do, then put more, more, more, more, more, more. (28:44) Put more, more, more in the comments below. And, of course, make sure you like this lesson, share it with your friends and subscribe so you're notified every time I post a new lesson. And you can get this free speaking guide where I share 6 tips on how to speak English fluently and confidently. (28:59) You can click here to download it or look for the link in the description. And I have another news review about the 2024 presidential election. You can watch watch it right now.(11) If You Know These 15 Everyday Words, Your English is EXCELLENT! - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8KW7M8vyDk Transcript: (00:00) If you know these 15 words, your English is excellent, but these are not advanced C1 words. These are common everyday words and having them in your vocabulary will help you sound fluent and natural in English. Welcome back to JForrest English. Of course, I'm Jennifer. Now let's get started. Our first word, Rusty.