Module 9_ Canadian Industries (2).pdf

MODULE 9(2) CANADIAN INDUSTRIES 1 OUR AGENDA 01 Breakout 03 Impact of Activity Recap Industries 02 Industry 04 Levels 2 LEARNING GOALS By the end of this module, I will be ab...

MODULE 9(2) CANADIAN INDUSTRIES 1 OUR AGENDA 01 Breakout 03 Impact of Activity Recap Industries 02 Industry 04 Levels 2 LEARNING GOALS By the end of this module, I will be able to: Assess the value of various industrial sectors in Canada. Describe Canada’s major exports and imports, and assess some of 3 the environmental, economic, social, and political implications of Canada’s current export and import patterns. Assess the economic, environmental, social, and political significance of a specific industry for their local area or another area of their choice.  TOPICS Industries Economy 4 GDP  MINDS ON: What do you think we import and export the most? How important is a certain industry to your 5 area? How could you assess the importance of a local industry?  BREAKOUT ACTIVITY RECAP 6 BREAKOUT ACTIVITY 1. Canadian Tire Cashier 2. Nickel Miner 3. Cancer Research Scientist 4. Dairy Farmer 5. Car Factory Worker 6. Salmon Fisherperson 7. Truck Driver 8. Teacher 7 9. Doctor 10. Carpenter 11. Environmental Consultant 12. GIS Technician 13. Oil Refinery Worker 14. Subway Employee 15. Dishwasher 16. Facebook Data Analyst Document here! 17. Kimberly-Clark factory worker 18. Taxi Driver 19. Professional Hockey Player 8 Canadian Industries Among developed nations, Canada is an anomaly because of the importance of our primary industries. 9 Amongst those, forestry and oil are particularly important. We also have an important manufacturing sector in the automobile and aircraft industries - both based in Central Canada. INDUSTRY LEVELS 11 PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY, & QUATERNARY 1 PRIMARY INDUSTRY EXTRACTING MATERIALS, RESOURCES, AND GOODS Primary Industry An industry involved in the extraction and collection of natural resources, such as copper and timber, as well as by activities such as farming and fishing. A company in a primary industry can also be involved in turning natural resources into products – very little processing however 13 (e.g. lumber). Primary industry tends to make up a larger portion of the economy of developing countries than they do for developed countries. Examples of Primary Industries Extraction of raw materials Fishing Agriculture Forestry 14 Mining Trapping Fuel and energy SNAPSHOT OF FORESTRY Canada’s forest industry varies across the country: Eastern Canada - pulp and paper product manufacturing. Western Canada - wood product manufacturing. Quebec , Ontario , and British Columbia have the greatest numbers of forest workers. 15 Top three regions in Canada that depend on forestry: - The Atlantic Provinces - Quebec - British Columbia These are the most forest-dependent regions, with a large share of their economy based on the sector. 2 SECONDARY INDUSTRY PROCESSING AND CREATING GOODS AND PRODUCTS Secondary Industry Manufacturing of products from raw material. “Value-added” industry. In fishing , canning tuna or salmon for instance. In forestry , converting logs to flooring, furniture, pulp and 18 paper, etc. In mining , turning minerals into stones. Secondary Industry Importing versus exporting. 2 types of secondary industry 1. Manufacturing - the making of goods by hand or by machine that 19 upon completion the business sells to a customer. 2. Construction - residential, heavy industrial, institutional and commercial, and engineering. Where are the vast majority of products produced today? Why is that? 3 TERTIARY INDUSTRY PROVIDING SERVICES AND GOVERNMENT Tertiary Industry The tertiary industry provides services rather than goods. Although, some of those services sell goods (like grocery stores!) What are the three sectors of the tertiary industry?! 21 Three sectors of tertiary 1. Retail 2. Government 3. Transportation Tertiary Industry Basic facts ○ Unlike primary and secondary, no goods produced. ○ Largest sector of Canadian economy. ○ 70% of Canadian workers are found in this sector of the economy. ○ Generally require less skills and training = lower wages. 22 3 Reasons for Canada’s shift into tertiary 1. Technology 2. Change in societal values 3. Urbanization Tertiary Industry Why is there such a rise in tertiary employment?! Change in societal values = primary is considered dirty, hard, manual work. Many people want to use brain instead of body. 23 Urbanization requires more service industry. Also primary industries not located near urban areas as a rule. Tertiary Industry - Government In Canada, we have three levels of government and each level employs quite a few people! What are our 3 levels of government? 24 Federal - Justin Trudeau (prime minister) Provincial - Doug Ford (premier) Municipal - Jamie Schmale (CKL MP) Erin O’toole (Durham MP) Tertiary Industry - Transportation What our modes of transportation? Rail Road Ship 25 Air 4 QUATERNARY SECTOR RESEARCHING AND DEVELOPING INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY Quaternary Industry Information and technology Research and Development Financial services (banks, trust companies, credit unions, 27 stock brokerages, etc.) Growing in importance due to automation in nearly every industry. Quaternary Industry Composed of these sectors of our economy: 1. Information 2. Decision-making 3. Technology 28 Stockbrokers, financial analysts, and computer experts are examples of people who work in this type of industry in Canada. What about our geography drives our need for better communications technology? Quaternary Industry From reading the financial news you may have been under the strong impression that Canada's GDP is dominated by the commodities including particularly oil, gas, and various minerals. You may have also heard that manufacturing is no longer such an important component of Canada's economy. (And that therefore we should not worry much about any manufacturing job losses that we hear about). The actual figures show that "Real estate and rental and leasing" is the largest segment of Canada's 29 economy. Manufacturing, while it may be lower than in years past, is still a very large portion of GDP and is the second largest component at 11%. (We understand that manufacturing includes refining industries). Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction is third at 8% of GDP. Overall, goods producing industries account for 30% of GDP while services account for 70%.  IMPACT OF INDUSTRIES 30 ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL  Populations & tourism unit What is the value of tourism in Canada? coming soon! NRTT = National Round Table on Travel 31 and Tourism Data is from 2013 Tar Sands / Oil Sands Tar sands (also known as oil sands) are a mixture of mostly sand, clay, water, and a thick, molasses-like substance called bitumen. Bitumen is made of hydrocarbons—the same molecules in liquid oil—and is used to produce gasoline and other petroleum products. Extracting bitumen from tar sands—and refining it into products like gasoline—is significantly costlier and more difficult than extracting and refining liquid oil. Value of Tar Sands How would you decide the value of an industry, such as Alberta’s oil sands industry, that has large economic 33 benefits but also high environmental and social costs? That is, how important are the oil sands given their environmental and social costs? Tar sands also bring in a lot of foreign money to Canada as 34 we export our oil... Social Costs Alcohol & substance abuse Violence & 35 crime Why? Click here! What influences how we view an industry? People have different perspectives of industries for a variety of reasons. We are most commonly concerned with: 1. Environmental 36 a. Land, water, air pollution 2. Employment a. Economy and income 3. Social costs a. Crime and substance use  CONSOLIDATION: Let’s discuss some questions to consolidate our thinking! 37 Consolidation Questions In which service and knowledge-based industries is Canada known as a global leader? Why might this be important? Telecommunications and entertainment software https://www.randstad.ca/employers/workplace-insights/job-market-in-canada/canadas-tech-industry-is-growing-up-where-were-headed-next/ 38 What other industries does the forestry industry supply or support? Solid wood product manufacturing Pulp and paper product manufacturing Forestry and logging Consolidation Questions What is Canada’s largest category of exports? Energy production (oil, natural gas and other) at 23% of total exports. Who do we trade with the most? 39 Canadians and Americans can together claim bragging rights for the world’s largest bilateral merchandise trade relationship. No two countries in the world trade more than Canada and the United States! Of course this relationship has come under strain due to the protectionism strategy of the current US administration. For example the implementation of steel tariffs against Canada (and other countries) by the US. Consolidation Questions How do your choices as a consumer affect Canadian imports? Pricing - being very price conscious encourages the demand for cheaper products. Think Walmart! With this comes 40 the demand for cheap imports. Think China! Think Amazon! Consolidation Questions How might the development of the rich mineral resources of northern Ontario’s ring of fire region affect First Nations communities in the area? This wetland landscape houses the area now known as the Ring of Fire, 400 kilometres northeast of Thunder Bay and 300 kilometres from the 41 nearest paved road. Here, mineral exploration has uncovered some of the largest discoveries in Canadian history. With the potential to yield $60 billion worth of nickel, chromite and other minerals, the deposits are substantial enough to support mining operations for a hundred years. The Ontario government has pledged $1 billion toward infrastructure — mainly in the form of a road to the area — to encourage the mining industry. 42