Module-5 (1).pdf

Module 5 DRUG EDUCATION LESSON 1. General Orientation on the Nature of Drugs and on Drug-related Laws Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: explain...

Module 5 DRUG EDUCATION LESSON 1. General Orientation on the Nature of Drugs and on Drug-related Laws Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: explain the nature of drugs and its various kinds and effects; enumerate and discuss the relevant Philippine laws on dangerous drugs; and apply the points of learning gained on drug awareness and prevention to their lives as students and as members of their family and community. Activity: Reflect about the Drug Situation in the Country RELEVANT FACTS ON DRUG ABUSE IN THE PHILIPPINES According to statistics, around 1.8 million people use dangerous drugs in the Philippines, while 4.8 million Filipinos have use dangerous drugs at one point in their lives. Based on the latter figure, 91% of these are adults, 87% are males, 80% have high school education, and 67% are employed. Methamphetamine, also called “poor man’s cocaine” or shabu, is the most used illegal; drug in the country (DDB, 2020). The country has the most users of methamphetamine in East Asia, and 2.2% of 16 to 64-year-old Filipinos use the said dangerous drug (Simbulan, Estacio, Dioquino-Maligaso, Herbosa, & Withers, 2019). Based on the aforementioned data, now with knowledge on the various concepts on drug education, give your opinion/s on the following questions: 1. Why do millions of Filipinos use drugs? Explain your answer. 2. Why are the most of these users are male adults who have reached high school? 3. Despite being employed, why do 67% of Filipinos use drugs? Analysis Answer the following questions: What is the importance of drug education to you as a student? What can you do as an NSTP student to prevent drug abuse? What is the importance of dangerous drug laws specifically to the NSTP Student and community in general?  Abstraction I. Drug related terms and components a. Nature: i. Drug - Any chemical agent that alters the biochemical or physiological processes of tissues of organisms. ii. Medicine - A drug with curative properties b. Use: i. Misuse - Use of a medicine for a purpose that is not consistent with medical guidelines (not following the doctor’s prescription) 1. Signs: a. Taking too much b. Taking for reasons other than the reason they were prescribed c. Stopping a medication d. Accepting prescription medication from a friend. ii. Abuse - Use of a medicine that is not prescribed to “feel high” or to chase euphoric feeling. 1. Sign: Ongoing and compulsive use despite negative consequences c. Drug Dependence: i. Drug Addiction – refers to the psycho-behavioral condition where an individual’s need to obtain and to use (especially self- administration) drugs become a strong fixation. ii. Drug Habituation – merely a psychical craving for the drug with little or no tendency to increase drug dosage. II. Drug classifications Classification Sub-category Characteristics Negative Effects Narcotic Heroin These are drugs The negative Analgesics created from the plant effects of these opium poppy and its are depression, families. They relieve irrational pain, induce euphoria, thinking, slow and create mood thought changes in the user. process, and Some examples of delirium. these are opium, morphine, and fentanyl. Central Barbiturates These are drugs that Overdose of Nervous have sedative-hypnotic this could alter System (CNS) effects. They lower mood, induce depressants down the operations of coma, and lead  the brain and the body. to confusion These are commonly and used to induce sleep. disorientation. CNS Amphetamines These are synthetic The negative Stimulants stimulants that usually effects of this have the effect of drug are increased energy and aggressiveness, sensitivity to irregular stimulation. Although breathing, some types of hallucination, amphetamines are nausea, seizure legally prescribed by and confusion. doctors, illegal possession of these criminal offense. One popular type of amphetamine is methampethamine, which is also known as “crystal meth or shabu” Cocaine It is a stimulant drug Negative effects acquired from coca include plants. It boosts increased alertness and gives the anxiety, illusion of having paranoia, and increased physical agitation. skills, athletic performance, and sexuality. Hallucinogens Lysergic acid This is a drug that The negative diethylamide causes such effect as effects of LSD (LSD) seeing and hearing are extreme things that seem real fear, anxiety, but are actually not. depression, This is also known as panic, and “acid” psychotic episodes. Phencyclidine Originally developed as Negative effects (PCP) an anesthetic, this drug include has the effect of mind aggression, alteration and the paranoia, feeling of being feelings of detached from one’s isolation, body. This also known increased heart as “angel dust” rate, and jerky  eye movements. Cannabis This is a drug derived The negative from the plant effects of cannabis. It contains cannabis are mind-altering impaired compounds that affect judgment, the brain and the body. confusion, and The active ingredient in paranoia, and cannabis is delta-9 detachment tetrahydrocannabinol from reality. or THC. It is also known as marijuana, ganja, or hemp. It is also important to note that in some countries, cannabis is already legalized for medicinal and recreational purposes. Others Inhalants These include a wide Some of their variety of breathable negative effects substances that are hypoxia or a produce mind-altering lack of oxygen, results and effects. pneumonia, Some of their common cardia failure, street names are liver and kidney touene, plastic cement, damage, paint, gasoline, paint Parkinson’s thinners, hair sprays, disease, and and various anesthetic death (fields, gases. 2017; Obembe 2012). III. Relevant Laws on Dangerous Drugs The Republic Act 9165, otherwise known as The “comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002 is the primary law that protects Filipino citizens from the perilous effects of drugs to the body and mind. This law amended the implementing rules and regulations of R.A. 6425 or “The Dangerous Act of 1972.” The other pertinent laws on drugs are executive Order No. 218 (Strengthening the support Mechanism for the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency) and R.A. 10640 (An Act to Further Strengthen the Anti-Drug Campaign of the Government).  Application Perform the following: 1. Search for the Supreme Court decided cases on “People vs Sanchez, et al., GR NO. 205787, Nov. 22, 2017.” 2. Carefully examine its details, First, write a short summary of the case. Then discuss whether or not you agree with the decision of the Supreme Court on this case. LESSON 2. Drug Addiction, Detection, and Prevention Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: explain the concepts of drug addiction, detection, and prevention; and apply the points of learning gained on this lesson as you become a better advocate for drug prevention. Activity: Reflect about the Negative effects of Drug Addiction Write Your answers in the box provided. THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DRUG ADDICTION To Self To My Family To the To My School To my Community Workplace Analysis Perform the following: 1. Based on the previous activity, select a specific setting where the negative effects of drug abuse can be felt. 2. Create a comic strip depicting the symptoms or behaviors of the of the chosen drug.  Abstraction I. Substance Abuse Use of psychoactive substances including tobacco and alcohol, the illegal drugs of abuse, inhalants and other nonmedical use of prescription medications II. Substance Use Disorder A chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive substance seeking and use, despite harmful consequences a. Risk factors: i. Environment – comprises influences found in the surrounding. These may be related to culture, education, and socialization. These may also pertain to social relationships like with family, peers, and coworkers. ii. Genetics (40-60%) - refers to hereditary factors. Some genetic factors may interact with the drug that cause the user to get addicted more quickly. iii. Personality – traits such as risk-taking, sensation-seeking and impulsive iv. Overall health conditions – co morbid or coexisting health problems. b. Risk factors in school i. School failure ii. Low commitment to school iii. Rejection by peers (social isolates) iv. Association with deviant and substance-using peers c. Protective factors i. Self-control ii. Academic competence iii. School-based drug education iv. Strong neighborhood attachments v. Parents’ attitudes and the kind of home they provide vi. Enriched environments vii. Enforcements of limits and discipline, forming strong bonds with children, and monitoring children d. Global Context i. 269 million drug users ii. 5.3% of the global population e. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition Does not use drug addiction or dependence but rather it refers to problematic use of drugs as SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER or a SUBSTANCE-INDUCED DISORDER i. Criteria for substance use disorder: 1. Hazardous use;  2. Social/ interpersonal problems related to use; 3. Neglected major roles to use; 4. Withdrawal; 5. Tolerance; 6. Used larger amounts/ longer; 7. Repeated attempts to quit/ control use; 8. Much time spent using; 9. Physical/ psychological problems related to use; 10. Activities given up to use; 11. Craving ii. Severity 1. Mild: 2-3 criteria 2. Moderate: 4-5 criteria 3. Severe: 6 or more criteria f. General Health Consequences Short-Term Long-Term Changes in appetite Heart or lung disease Wakefulness/ Cancer drowsiness Mental illness Change in respiratory HIV/AIDS and heart rate Hepatitis Change in mood Physical/ psychological Slowed reaction dependence time/reflexes Memory loss Nausea and vomiting Brain damage Hallucination Malnutrition Decrease motor Can lead to substance use coordination disorder g. Cost of Substance Use i. PERSONAL HEALTH – accidents, diseases, mental illness, depression, death ii. RELATIONSHIPS – marital conflict, disrupted friendships, child abuse, violence iii. SOCIAL FUNCTIONONG – dangerous behavior, financial problem, employment difficulty, legal problems h. High Risk periods among the youth i. Elementary to high school ii. Junior to senior high school iii. Senior high school to college/work III. Skills for a substance-free life a. Assertiveness  The OFNR SCRIPT b. Decision-making Use the DECIDE Model i. Determine the problem ii. Explore the alternatives iii. Consider the consequences iv. Identify your values v. Decide vi. Evaluate c. Resistance/refusal Learn how to say, “NO!” i. Maintain eye contact and say no firmly. ii. Match verbal with non-verbal signals in refusing the offer. iii. Use broken record technique. iv. Use the cold shoulder approach. v. Give reasons or excuses. vi. Give healthful alternatives. Application: Create an information and education campaign (IEC) material covering the basic facts, effects, and other relevant information on the drug.