MODULE 4- MINERALS AND ROCKS.pdf

   natural occurring inorganic solids crystalline structures (atoms are arranged in an orderly manner) definite chemical composition solid NOW I CAN DEFINE MINERALS! CHEMICAl PHYSICAL  SOLUBILITY  MELTING POINT 1. COLOR 2. DENSITY 3. EXTERNAL CRYSTAL FORM 4. CLEAVAGE 5....

   natural occurring inorganic solids crystalline structures (atoms are arranged in an orderly manner) definite chemical composition solid NOW I CAN DEFINE MINERALS! CHEMICAl PHYSICAL  SOLUBILITY  MELTING POINT 1. COLOR 2. DENSITY 3. EXTERNAL CRYSTAL FORM 4. CLEAVAGE 5. FRACTURE 6. LUSTER 7. TRASPARENCY 8. STREAK 9. TENACITY 10.SPECIFIC GRAVITY 11.HARDNESS  Used to identify minerals easily NOT used in identifying translucent to transparent minerals Least reliable means of identifying minerals  Color of mineral in powder form Most reliable in identifying the color of the rocks by streaking or rubbing  measure the mineral’s resistance to scratching Determine the type of mineral Mohs scale is used (developed by Frederick Mohs) 1 is softest and 10 is hardest  It is the tendency to break It refers to the rough irregular surfaces of a mineral. along the planes of weak Break in a mineral that is not along a cleavage plane, atomic bonding which is not determined but the structure of the mineral.   extent of light that can pass through the minerals  degree may depend on the thickness of the mineral  Used to define the weight or density of a given liquid  Substances that are denser have a higher specific gravity  Can determined by dividing the mineral’s weight by the weight of an equal volume of water level of resistance or reaction of minerals to stress  refers to the reaction of a mineral to light determines how brilliant or dull the mineral is  distinct smell of a mineral usually released from a chemical reaction when subjected to heat, water, air, or friction Suppose that you brought two mineral samples and tried to compare the two of them. How can the properties of minerals help you distinguish one mineral sample from the other?  The most common rock- forming minerals  the most common rock- forming minerals hard, glasslike substance with white streaks Has Moh’s hardness of 7 Which of the following is a white-colored minerals, but it can also appear as light shades of red and green with a glassy luster?  Usually a white-colored minerals, but it can also appear as light shades of red and green with a glassy luster has a Mohs hardness of 6 Which of the following is easily identified by its cleavage?  Easily identified by its cleavage It has Mohs hardness of 2-2.5 (it is soft) Which of the following are dark colored materials with a glasslike luster?  dark colored materials with a glasslike luster Has a Mohs scale of 5-6  natural substances consisting of aggregate minerals clumped together with other earth materials through natural processes. products of natural cyclic processes  IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Latin word “ignis” means fire root word sediments meta means “change” and “remaining particles” morph means “form” -cooling and solidification come from preexisting rocks or pieces of dead organisms that have been cemented  MAFIC ROCKS s FELSIC ROCKS C l a s s i f i c a t i o n INTERMEDIATE ROCKS o f ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS b a s e d o n APHANISTIC ROCKS C o m p o s i t i o n PHANERTIC ROCKS PORPHYRITIC ROCKS GLASSY ROCKS s  SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Classic Formed from pre-existing rocks or organic materials sedimentary (dead organisms) Formed from sediments of rocks rocks that have undergone Organic rocks weathering. Chemical rocks  METAMORPHIC ROCKS Types: foliated and non-foliated Formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to pressure, heat, and volatiles. Form new minerals metamorphoses Regional Metamorphism Contact Metamorphism Dynamic Metamorphism Found deep below the Thermal metamorphism Known as cataclasis surface Subjected to extreme Forms in narrow zones Involves a large area or temperature adjacent to faults or thrusts region of Earth Formed usually fine grained Composed of very fine- compress to form and may not present signs of grained, granulated, or mountains and other strong deformation powdered rocks topographical features of Earth.  Attributed to James Hutton Revolves particularly on the changes in the physical and chemical compositions of he rocks. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks, and elements make up minerals. Never ending cycling of elements with the aid of weathering and erosion