Earth and Life Science: Minerals and Rocks PDF
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This document is a lesson on minerals and rocks, covering different types of rocks, the rock cycle, and the properties of various minerals. It provides fundamental information about these topics.
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Earth and Life Science Lesson 2: Minerals and Rocks The Earth’s crust is made up of two things: MINERALS AND ROCKS Gneiss Coal Rocks are c...
Earth and Life Science Lesson 2: Minerals and Rocks The Earth’s crust is made up of two things: MINERALS AND ROCKS Gneiss Coal Rocks are combinations Minerals are of minerals. There are different individual crystals minerals in every of all the same single rock Scoria thing ROCKS naturally occurring materials made up of minerals. * It can be classified as Igneous, Metamorphic and Rocks are classified Sedimentary rocks. according to their form * Rock cycle shows what type of rock is formed after they undergo the process. Next IGNEOUS ROCKS FORMED FROM SOLIDIFIED MAGMA OR LAVA Its name came from latin word “ignis”, meaning fire. This a make sense because these rocks are formed by volcanic activity. - As magma cools, it solidifies. - Si, O, Al, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe MELTING AND COOLING Next IGNEOUS ROCKS CRYSTALLIZATION REFERS TO THE FORMATION AND GROWTH OF A CRYSTALLINE SOLID FROM MOLTEN ROCK. This may occur below the ground or on the surface after a volcanic eruption. Next IGNEOUS ROCKS Types of Igneous Rock: a. According to the Origin of Formation 1. Extrusive Igneous Rocks or Volcanic Rocks- type of Igneous rocks wherein molten rocks solidify at the surface. 2. Intrusive Igneous Rock or Plutonic Rocks- a type of igneous rocks formed at the depth. Next IGNEOUS ROCKS Types of Igneous Rock: According to Texture 1. Coarsed-Grained- grains(crystals)- can be seen with bare eyes. Intrusive igneous rocks are under this. 2. Medium-grained- grains can only be seen through hand lens. 3. Fine-grained- grains can only be seen through the microscope. Next IGNEOUS ROCKS COARSE-GRAINED FINE-GRAINED GLASSY The crystals of When molten rock intrusive rocks are The crystals of is ejected into the large enough to be extrusive rocks are atmosphere, it seen by unaided microscopic. cools more rapidly. eye. Next IGNEOUS ROCKS Types of Igneous Rock: According to Silica Content a. FELSIC: also called granitic; >65% silica, generally light-colored b. INTERMEDIATE: also called andesitic; 55-65% silica; generally medium colored (medium gray) c. MAFIC: also called basaltic; 45-55% silica; generally dark colored d. ULTRAMAFIC:
