Module 3. Cardiovascular System Disorders Seminar Slides (October 10, 2024) PDF

Module 3 Disorders of the Cardiovascular System October 10, 2024  Overview Time Topic Duration 10:00-10:15 Check in and Module 1 quiz review 15 min 10:15-10:30 Structure and function...

Module 3 Disorders of the Cardiovascular System October 10, 2024  Overview Time Topic Duration 10:00-10:15 Check in and Module 1 quiz review 15 min 10:15-10:30 Structure and function of the heart 15 minutes Stages of Atherosclerosis 10:30-10:50 Clinical consult –Familial Dyslipidemia 15 minutes + 5 min discussion Caren Kristia Adora 10:55-11:15 Clinical consult- Hypertension and ACE Inhibitors 15 minutes + 5 min discussion Stephanie Wood 11:20-11:30 PAD/DVT 10 minutes Congenital Heart Disease 11:30-11:45 Break 11:45-12:05 Clinical Consult- Fetal Heart Development 15 min + 5 min discussion Amanda Rideout 12:10-12:25 Myocardial Ischemia, Necrosis 15 min Heart Failure 12:25-12:50 Practice quiz 15 min 12:50-13:00 Letter of Information and Wrap Up 10 min 2 Module 2 Quiz 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm6RvAuIhEw 8 min  The Heart Sometimes it is easier to describe the heart related to the parts and functions: Mechanical- the structures to keep the blood moving forward (e.g. walls, muscle, valves) Electrical - generating and spreading the heartbeat through the heart Plumbing- the coronary artery circulation that feeds the heart muscle and structures 5  Lecture video slide Blood flow through the heart Diastole refers to the time in the cardiac cycle that represents filling of the blood into a chamber of the heart. Systole refers to the time in the cardiac cycle that represents the ejection of blood from a chamber of the heart (e.g., contraction) Valves open and close to help keep the blood moving forward through the heart From Patton KT, Thibodeau GA. Structure & function of the body, 15th edition. St. Louis: Elsevier; 6 2016. Lecture video slide 7  Lecture video slide Valve problems- some examples Stenotic Valve-the valve Leaky (regurgitant) valve- doesn’t open fully it doesn’t close tightly. 8  Lecture video slide Factors Affecting Cardiac Output Cardiac output, the amount of blood (in liters) ejected by the heart per minute, depends on the heart rate (beats per minute) and stroke volume. Stroke volume, is the volume of blood ejected per beat during systole Preload is the volume and pressure inside the ventricle at the end of diastole Afterload is the resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle. 9  The Frank-Starling Law is the description Frank-Starling Law of cardiac hemodynamics as it relates to myocyte stretch and contractility. The Frank-Starling Law states that the stroke volume of the left ventricle will increase as the left ventricular volume increases due to the myocyte stretch causing a more forceful systolic contraction. Stroke Volume Video explains Frank Starling Curve using an example of a sling shot https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4QdE HIgZzg Preload  Lecture video slide The Wall of the Heart The three layers of the heart wall—the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium—are enclosed in a double-walled membranous sac, the pericardium. The pericardial sac has several functions: provides stability of the heart within the thorax, reduces friction between the heart and the mediastinal structures, limits the size of the heart functions provides a barrier to the spread of infection, and it contains pain receptors and mechanoreceptors that can cause reflex changes in blood pressure and heart rate. The thickest layer of the heart wall, the myocardium, is composed of cardiac muscle 11  Lecture video slide The Electrical System of the Heart An arrythmia is the term used when there is abnormal heart rate or conduction of the electrical impulse through the heart. Some common terms: Normal Sinus Rhythm: the heart rate is between 60-100 beats/minute and is generated from the SA node Tachycardiac- heart rate >100/min Bradycardia- heart rate