Module 3: Family - NCM 104 Lecture Notes PDF

COLLEGE OF NURSING, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS NURSING PROGRAM NCM 104: COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING (INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY) Module 3: FAMILY Module Contents: A. Family as Basic Unit of the Society B. Types Family as a Client Family...

COLLEGE OF NURSING, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS NURSING PROGRAM NCM 104: COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING (INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY) Module 3: FAMILY Module Contents: A. Family as Basic Unit of the Society B. Types Family as a Client Family as a System C. Functions Developmental Stages D. Family Health task E. Characteristics of a Healthy Family FAMILY AS BASIC UNIT OF SOCIETY ✓ Genetic transmission unit ✓ Matrix of personality of development and the most intimate emotional unit of society ✓ Enduring social form in which a person is incorporated ✓ Lifelong involvement ✓ Shared attributes ✓ Genetics – physical and psychological ✓ Developmental – shared home, lifestyle, social activities ✓ Sense of belonging ✓ Security/defense against a potentially hostile environment ✓ Companionship ✓ Societal expectations ✓ Sense of responsibility towards members & others ✓ Basis of affection/care ✓ Built-in problems ✓ Generation gap ✓ Dependence of members ✓ Emotional attachment/involvement ✓ The family endures despite problems ✓ Resource utilization ✓ Authority ✓ Individual sense of responsibility Classification according to structure Nuclear family A father and mother with/without children living together but apart from both sets of parents and relatives 120 YEARS OF AUGUSTINIAN EXCELLENCE IN VIRTUS ET SCIENTIA Contact No.: 0939-278-9080 |Fax No.: (033) 337-4403 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.usa.edu.ph  COLLEGE OF NURSING, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS NURSING PROGRAM Separate dwelling not shared with members of the family of origin / orientation of either spouse Economically independent Extended family Two or more nuclear families economically and socially related to each other Unilaterally/ bilaterally extended Includes 3 generations Lives together as a group Single Parent Family Children < 17 years of age, living in a family unit with a single parent, another relative or non-relative May result from: Loss of spouse by death, divorce, separation Out of wedlock birth of a child From adoption Migration (OFWs) Blended/ Reconstituted family Includes step-parents and step-children Caused by divorce, annulment with remarriage and separation Compound family One woman/ man with several spouses Communal family Grouping of individuals which are formed for specific ideological or societal purposes Considered as an alternative lifestyle for people who feel alienated from the economically privileged society Vary within social context Cohabitation/ Live-in Unmarried couple living together No-kin A group of at least two people sharing a relationship and exchange support who have no legal or blood tie to each other Foster Substitute family for children whose parents are unable to care for them 120 YEARS OF AUGUSTINIAN EXCELLENCE IN VIRTUS ET SCIENTIA Contact No.: 0939-278-9080 |Fax No.: (033) 337-4403 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.usa.edu.ph  COLLEGE OF NURSING, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS NURSING PROGRAM Gay/ lesbian Homosexual couple living together with/without children Classification According to Function Family of Procreation- refers to the family you yourself created. Family of Orientation-refers to the family where you came Family as a Unit of Care The family is considered the natural and fundamental unit of society. The family as a group generates, prevents, tolerates and corrects health problems within its membership. The health problems of the family members are interlocking. The family is the most frequent focus of health decisions and action in personal care. The family is an effective and available channel for much of the effort of the health worker. TYPES OF FAMILY Family as a Client The family is the foreground and individuals are in the background The focus is concentrated on each and every individual as they affect the whole family The focus is concentrated on how the family as a whole is reacting to an event when a family member experiences a health issue Characteristics of Family as a Client 1. The family is a product of time and place ▪ A family is different from other family who lives in another location in many ways. ▪ A family who lived in the past is different from another family who lives at present in many ways. 2. The family develops its own lifestyle ▪ Develop its own patterns of behavior and its own style in life. ▪ Develops their own power system which either be: ▪ Balance-the parents and children have their own areas of decisions and control. ▪ Strongly Bias-one member gains dominance over the others. 3. The family operates as a group ▪ A family is a unit in which the action of any member may set of a whole series of reaction within a group, and entity whose inner strength may be its 120 YEARS OF AUGUSTINIAN EXCELLENCE IN VIRTUS ET SCIENTIA Contact No.: 0939-278-9080 |Fax No.: (033) 337-4403 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.usa.edu.ph  COLLEGE OF NURSING, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS NURSING PROGRAM greatest single supportive factor when one of its members is stricken with illness or death. 4. The family accommodates the needs of the individual members. ▪ An individual is unique human being who needs to assert his or herself in a way that allows him to grow and develop. ▪ Sometimes, individual needs and group needs seem to find a natural balance; 1. The need for self-expression does not overshadow consideration for others. 2. Power is equitably distributed. 3. Independence is permitted to flourish Family as a System The focus is on the family as a client Viewed as an international system in which the whole is greater than the sum of its parts Focuses on the individual and family members become the target for nursing interventions FUNCTIONS & DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES Functions of a Family Biologic ✓ Reproduction ✓ Child-rearing/Caring ✓ Nutrition ✓ Health maintenance ✓ Recreation Economic ✓ Provision of adequate financial resources ✓ Resource allocation ✓ Ensure financial security Educational ✓ Teach skills, attitudes and skills relating to other functions Psychological/ Affection ✓ Promotes the natural development of personalities ✓ Offer optimum psychological protection ✓ Promotes ability to form relationships with people within the family circle 120 YEARS OF AUGUSTINIAN EXCELLENCE IN VIRTUS ET SCIENTIA Contact No.: 0939-278-9080 |Fax No.: (033) 337-4403 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.usa.edu.ph  COLLEGE OF NURSING, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS NURSING PROGRAM Socio-cultural ✓ Socialization of children ✓ Promotion of status and legitimacy Developmental Stages/ Family Life Cycle Assess a patient and family developmental concerns Identifies stages of family development that reflect the biological functions of raising children As the family system moves together through time, the individual life cycles intertwines with the life cycles of other family members Families go through different stages for which specific developmental tasks must be accomplished Families who are not able to accomplish these tasks may develop difficulties with subsequent family development. 1. Beginning Family ❖ Beginning Family: The couple establishes their home but do not yet have children. ❖ Involves merging of values brought into the relationship from the families of orientation. ❖ Includes adjustments to each other’s routines (sleeping, eating, chores, etc.), sexual and economic aspects. ❖ Members work to achieve 3 separate identifiable tasks: 1. Establish a mutually satisfying relationship 2. Learn to relate well to their families of orientation 3. If applicable, engage in reproductive life planning 2. Childbearing Family ❖ From the birth of the first child until that child is 2 1/2 years old. ❖ Developmental Tasks: Adjusting to increased family size Caring for an infant Providing a positive developmental environment 3. Family with Preschoolers ❖ When the oldest child is between the ages of 2 1/2 and 6. ❖ Developmental Tasks: ▪ Satisfying the needs and interests of preschool children ▪ Coping with demands on energy and attention with less privacy at home. 4. Family with School Age Children ❖ When the oldest child is between the ages of 6 and 13. ❖ Developmental Tasks: 120 YEARS OF AUGUSTINIAN EXCELLENCE IN VIRTUS ET SCIENTIA Contact No.: 0939-278-9080 |Fax No.: (033) 337-4403 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.usa.edu.ph  COLLEGE OF NURSING, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS NURSING PROGRAM ▪ Promoting educational achievement ▪ Fitting in with the community of families with school-age children. 5. Family with Teenagers ❖ When the oldest child is between the ages of 13 and 20. ❖ Developmental Tasks: ▪ Allowing and helping children to become more independent ▪ Coping with their independence ▪ Developing new interests beyond child care. 6. Launching ❖ From the time the oldest child leaves the family for independent adult life till the time the last child leaves. ❖ Developmental Tasks: ▪ Releasing young adults and accepting new ways of relating to them ▪ Maintaining a supportive home base ▪ Adapting to new living circumstances. 7. Empty nest ❖ From the time the children are gone till the marital couple retires from employment. ❖ Developmental Tasks ▪ Renewing and redefining the marriage relationship ▪ Maintaining ties with children and their families ▪ Preparing for retirement years. 8. Aging family ❖ From retirement till the death of the surviving marriage partner. ❖ Developmental Tasks: ▪ Adjusting to retirement ▪ Coping with the death of the marriage partner and life alone. FAMILY HEALTH TASK Health task differ in degrees from family to family TASK- is a function, but with work or labor overtures assigned or demanded of the person Family Health Tasks (Duvall & Niller) 1. Physical maintenance- provides food, shelter, clothing, and health care to its members being certain that a family has ample resources to provide 2. Socialization of Family- involves preparation of children to live in the community and 120 YEARS OF AUGUSTINIAN EXCELLENCE IN VIRTUS ET SCIENTIA Contact No.: 0939-278-9080 |Fax No.: (033) 337-4403 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.usa.edu.ph  COLLEGE OF NURSING, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS NURSING PROGRAM interact with people outside the family. 3. Allocation of Resources- determines which family needs will be met and their order of priority. 4. Maintenance of Order- task includes opening an effective means of communication between family members, integrating family values and enforcing common regulations for all family members. 5. Division of Labor – who will fulfill certain roles e.g., family provider, home manager, children’s caregiver 6. Reproduction, Recruitment, and Release of family member 7. Placement of members into larger society –consists of selecting community activities such as church, school, politics that correlate with the family beliefs and values 8. Maintenance of motivation and morale- created when members serve as support people to each other Family Health Tasks (Maglaya) 1. Recognizing interruptions of health development 2. Making decisions about seeking health care/ to take action 3. Dealing effectively health and non-health situations 4. Providing care to all members of the family 5. Maintaining a home environment conducive to health maintenance CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILY 1. Able to provide for physical, emotional and spiritual needs of family members 2. Able to be sensitive to the needs of the family members 3. Able to communicate thoughts and feelings effectively 4. Able to provide support, security and encouragement 5. Able to initiate and maintain growth producing relationship 6. Maintain and create constructive and responsible community relationships 7. Able to grow with and through children 8. Ability to perform family roles flexibly 9. Able to help oneself and to accept help when appropriate 10. Demonstrate mutual respect for the individuality of family members 11. Ability to use a crisis experience as a means of growth 12. Demonstrate concern of family unity, loyalty and interfamily cooperation 120 YEARS OF AUGUSTINIAN EXCELLENCE IN VIRTUS ET SCIENTIA Contact No.: 0939-278-9080 |Fax No.: (033) 337-4403 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.usa.edu.ph  COLLEGE OF NURSING, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS NURSING PROGRAM References: 1. Famorca, Z.V., Nies, M.A. & Mcewan, M. (2013) Nursing Care of the Community a Comprehensive Test on Community & Public Health Nursing in the Philippines, 1st edition, Elsevier 2. https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/community-health-nursing notes/family-health-nursing/ 3. Maglaya, A. (2007) Nursing Practice in the Community; 5th ed., Argonauta Corp., Marikina City. 120 YEARS OF AUGUSTINIAN EXCELLENCE IN VIRTUS ET SCIENTIA Contact No.: 0939-278-9080 |Fax No.: (033) 337-4403 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.usa.edu.ph