Readings in Visual Art Course Pack (EA & H) PDF

Document Number HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE Revision Number Sta. Ana...

Document Number HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE Revision Number Sta. Ana Avenue corner C. De Guzman Street 00 Barangay 14-B, Davao City Philippines Effectivity Date October 3, 2023 Course PACK in READING VISUAL ARTS (EA & H) This is a property of Holy Cross of Davao College. No part of this course pack may be reproduced or photocopied without a written consent from authorized school administrators. HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Course Information 1 Module1 – Understanding Visual Arts Concepts 3 Lesson 1: Basic Components of Arts 4 Lesson 2: Elements of Arts and Principles of Design Painting 7 Lesson 3: Painting 11 Module Assessment 18 Module 2 – Analysis of Arts 21 Lesson 1: Photography 22 Lesson 2: Sculpture 28 Module Assessment 35 Module 3 – Architecture 38 Lesson 1: Architecture as an Art 39 Lesson 2: Architectural Forms 43 Lesson 3: Architectural Style 48 Module Assessment 59 Module 4 – Stage and Craft 63 Lesson 1: Elements of Stage and Craft 64 Lesson 2: Filipino Artist on International Stage 68 Module Assessment 78 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  COURSE INFORMATION Document Title: Course pack in EA & H Subject Title: Readings in Visual Art Course Code: EA & H Units: 3 Course Prerequisites: NONE Number of Hours: 3 hrs. Course Description: Readings in Visual Arts is a course designed to deepen learners' knowledge of art appreciation and aesthetics, including critical analysis. It aims to build upon students' prior experiences with art across various fields, transforming their exposure into a refined skill. The course also fosters an appreciation for diverse cultures and artistic perspectives, bridging the gap between classic and contemporary art forms. By cultivating values and developing attitudes aligned with future career goals, this course empowers learners to become well-rounded individuals. To achieve these objectives, the course is structured in a specific manner. Module 1: Understanding Visual Arts Concepts Module 2: Analysis of Arts Module 3: Architecture Module 4: Stage and Craft Course Outline: Module Module Title Lessons Week Coverage 1 Understanding Visual Arts Basic Components of Arts 1-4 (Prelim) Concepts Elements of Arts and Principles of Design Painting 2 Analysis of Arts Photography 5-7 (Midterm) Sculpture 3 Architecture Architecture as an Art 8-12 (SemiFinal) Architectural Forms Architectural Style 4 Stage and Craft Elements of Stage and Craft 13-16 (Final) Filipino Artist on International Stage Learning Outcomes: At the end of the subject, students will be able to: Analyze the different forms of arts in their context, content, and perspective. Evaluate the various visual arts in line with the different elements of understanding arts. Appraise the different manners and methods of the other form of art. Justify the art pieces presented in connecting the idea piece created. Follow the different manner, methods, and techniques discussed in art pieces. Page 4 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Explore the different skills and techniques in creating other arts in various mediums. Demonstrate the ability to apply different manners, methods, and techniques. Create a masterpiece that is of their concept relating to their experiences in life. Manifest creativity in line with the guidelines and that standard set in a task. Convey a message out of the art piece which relates to the community in general. Determine the contribution and the impact of arts on society. Develop concepts in the field of arts that can be used in your future career. Course Output: 1. Oral/Written Reports 2. Quizzes 3. Exams 4. Practical Demonstration of making art pieces in different forms of art. 5. Art presentation 6. Art Museum Field Trip (Optional) Grading System: Prelim Grade Quizzes, Recitation, Journal, Assignment etc. 50% Prelim Exam 25% Midterm Exam 25% 100% Tentative Final Grade Quizzes, Recitation, Assignment etc. 50% Semi Final Exam 25% Final Exam 25% 100% Midterm Grade + Tentative Final Grade 2 Guidelines: You are encouraged to complete each module and actively participate in each lesson's specially prepared activities. Doing this will maximize your learning and improve your skills in the target areas. Feel free to connect with your friends while working through the self-paced materials. If you need clarification, please don't hesitate to contact your teacher. We wish you all the best and good luck! Page 5 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  MODULE 3: ARCHITECTURE Module Overview: In this subject, you will learn the elements, different forms, and styles of Architecture. Knowing the concepts of architecture and history and how they developed as art will help you look at the other aspects of architecture as an art. You will have fun exploring these topics with its wonders, and it will help you see must-visit buildings outside and inside the country. Module Objectives/ Outcomes: If you complete this module, you are expected to: Name the elements of architecture Recognize the elements of architecture Describe the different forms of architecture To name examples of architectural form To identify different features of architectural styles To locate churches based on their architectural styles To value the importance of different churches in the Philippines Lessons in the Modules Lesson 1 Architecture as an Art Lesson 2 Architectural Forms Lesson 3 Architectural Style Page 6 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Lesson 1 Architecture as an Art ______________________________________________________________________________ Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you can: 1. Name the elements of architecture 2. Recognize the elements of architecture ______________________________________________________________________________ 0Introduction I am sure that you will enjoy reading this lesson, for it will serve as your first lesson in understanding Architecture. So test your skills as you answer the activity below. Go, go, go! Picture Critiquing What can you say about the building shown above? Will you consider this a good building? Page 7 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 How will you critique a building? Explain the things that you would consider in evaluating a structure. In your own opinion, what is the essence of studying the elements of architecture? Explain your answer. Architecture is more than just buildings constructed by engineers and architects. It can be considered an art form as it is a visual expression. But what defines it as art? According to Roger Scruton, architecture is both the art and technique of design and construction, distinct from mere construction skills. It fulfills practical and expressive purposes, serving both utilitarian and aesthetic goals. Beyond its definition, architecture has a specific function, ranging from basic shelter to complex urban infrastructure. Creating a building requires careful consideration of aesthetics and informed decisions. To delve deeper, let's examine the elements of architecture and their interplay. Architecture comprises seven essential elements: materials, line, color, shape, mass, texture, and space. We will explore each in detail. Materials- have evolved significantly with advancements in technology. As the foundation of any building, material selection is paramount in determining the final product's quality. Careful consideration and materials analysis are essential for ensuring the building's longevity. Materials serve as the backbone, influencing the design's structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. Line- is a fundamental element present in all art forms. It is the building block for defining shape, form, and volume in architectural design. Lines create rhythm and flow within a composition. Horizontal lines evoke a sense of stability and groundedness, anchoring a structure to the earth. Conversely, vertical lines convey height and aspiration, reaching upward to balance the composition. Color- is a strategic tool in architecture that enhances a building's character and identity. It can accentuate forms, materials, and spatial divisions within a design. Color choices must be carefully considered to achieve the desired effect. Page 8 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Value – transmits to the depth of hue contained, defined as light or dark. Hue – transmits to the pure state of color, its essence. Intensity – relates to the saturation of color: chroma. This characteristic defines the final color's purity relative to its original state. Shape- in architecture, is the two-dimensional representation of a form. The building's outline or silhouette is its most easily recognizable shape. It's crucial to remember that shape evokes emotional responses in viewers, creating the initial impression of a structure. There are various types of shapes, including: Geometric shape- consists of the basic shapes – square, triangle, and circle. The natural shape- consists of designs replicating or imitating items in our natural environment. Abstract shape- This type utilizes the natural shape interpretation of form and then alters or abstracts it to diminish the shape to its apparent essence. Non-objective shape- breaks from the previous three types to create a shape unrelated to the natural or geometric world. Mass. The mass of an architectural design solution is the three-dimensional aspect of the shapes. We have two types of mass, namely: Primary mass (a form of a structure; the bulk of the building) Secondary mass (smaller components: floor, walls, ceilings) Texture- refers to the surface quality of a material. As a crucial element in architectural design, texture establishes a building's initial aesthetic appeal. It is perceived through both sight and touch. Space- is a fundamental concept in architecture. It involves transforming undefined areas into functional and usable spaces to meet specific needs. To effectively discuss space in architecture, we must first understand the distinction between these concepts. Claustrophobia- is a psychological condition brought on by the fear of enclosure – the absence of space. Agoraphobia is a psychological condition caused by the lack of enclosure – the fear of exposure in open spaces. A designer should consider several factors when discussing a project with clients. These factors will inform the building's design. In architecture, space is categorized into two primary types: positive and negative. Positive space- presents the enclosure, the solid form. It contains a measured volume of visual and tangible enclosure and reflects light from the surfaces. Negative space- these are the voids enclosed by the form, and it allows light to pass through uninterrupted as there is no surface to reflect it. Page 9 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  In conclusion, creating a building is a complex process requiring careful consideration by designers, architects, and engineers. Understanding the fundamental elements of architecture, such as those discussed, provides a solid foundation for appreciating the art and science involved in building design. Now, it's your time to apply what you have learned in this lesson. I want you to examine and take a picture of your chosen public building in your locality, both the exterior and interior design. On the box, paste a clear picture. Then, answer the following question in the space provided below. Then identify the elements that were used in the building. Put the building details in the space provided. Closure Way to go! Now that you‘re done in this lesson brace yourself as we move on to the next lesson- Sculpture. May the force be with you! Page 10 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Lesson 2 Architectural Forms ______________________________________________________________________________ Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you can: 1. Describe the different forms of architecture 2. To name examples of architectural form ______________________________________________________________________________ Introduction In this lesson, you will learn about Architectural Forms. Enjoy and have fun learning this topic. I hope this lesson will give you practical learning. God Bless and keep on fighting! Identification: Identify the following pictures and where it is located. Page 11 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 What do you think is the value of studying architecture? Explain your answer. Do architectural forms play a vital role in architecture? Why? Now that you've answered the activity, let's proceed to the lesson properly. The image provided earlier illustrates architecture as an art form. Buildings vary in form and design, but have you considered that these aesthetic designs can be categorized? Today, we'll delve into architectural forms. As defined by Phoebe Crisman, architectural form refers to a shape or configuration. Form and its counterpart, space, are fundamental to architecture. Given architecture's purpose of creating enclosed environments for humans, the relationship between form and space is crucial. During the design process, both form and space are defined. Edmund N. Bacon emphasized that "Architectural form is the point of contact between mass and space... Architectural forms, textures, materials, modulation of light and shade, and color combine to inject a quality or spirit that expresses space. The value of architecture hinges on the designer's skill." While form might not be the primary function of architecture, it's undeniably the most debated aspect. It encompasses more than a building's shape or layout, including points, lines, planes, and volumes. Consequently, it can involve various texts, textures, or images within a design. Let's explore different examples and their characteristics to understand architectural forms better. First, let's discuss regular forms. Regular forms -are typically characterized by evenly distributed design elements arranged in a logical order. This creates a precise and calm appearance. An example of a building with a regular form is depicted in the image below. Page 12 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Image credit: Ellicott Square Building Irregular forms- are characterized by components or elements that vary significantly from one another. This creates a chaotic appearance for the viewer, contrasting sharply with regular forms. An example of an irregular form is shown in the image below. Image credit: Isidor's Fugue Mix Forms- involve a series of manipulations that transform a building into a unique design. This form typically combines regular and irregular elements, resulting in a more visually appealing structure. Refer to the image below for an example. Image credit: Denton Corker Marshall, Manchester Civil Justice Centre Page 13 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Nature-Inspired Forms- draw inspiration from nature, demonstrating how simplicity can be transformed into innovative design solutions. This approach, also known as "Biomimetic Architecture," focuses on replicating natural forms and understanding the underlying principles that govern them. Rather than copying appearances, it seeks to emulate functions. For example, a bird's nest, with its protective sides enclosing eggs at the center, inspires stadium designs where the main event is central and surrounded by spectators. Image credit: World Stadiums, Beijing National Stadium Finally, we have Unusual Forms. Unlike regular, irregular, or nature-inspired forms, unusual forms are characterized by their unique and unexpected shapes. They often stem from experimentation with materials or the designer's imagination. An example of an unusual form is shown in the image below. Image Credit: The Piano House I hope this lesson has deepened your appreciation for architecture as an art form. Each architectural form, while distinct, possesses unique characteristics and serves a specific purpose within the design process. Page 14 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Now it's your time to apply what you have learned about architectural forms. You must give famous buildings in the Philippines that best represent an example of each item. Paste the five pictures of your chosen building on the boxes provided. Note: Upon pasting photographs, make sure to label them with their names and their location. 1. 2. 3. Regular Form Irregular Form Mix Form 4. 5. Nature-Inspired Unusual Form Building’s name and Location 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Closure Say Hooray for today! Refresh your mind as you proceed to the next lesson. Page 15 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Lesson 3 Architectural Style ______________________________________________________________________________ Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you can: 1. To identify different features of architectural styles 2. To locate churches based on their architectural styles 3. To value the importance of different churches in the Philippines. ______________________________________________________________________________ Introduction Congratulations, we are now at the last topic in this module. Brace yourself for these topics contain a lot of information that you have to remember, but we‘ll have an activity first before starting our lesson. Crossword Puzzle: Identify the following by using the clues given. Down 1. Exaggerated arches and flying buttresses. 3. Also known as Romantic Style 4. Dominant during the Gilded Age in the US. Across 2. Semi-circular arches and thick walls with small stained-glass windows 5. Also known as Late Baroque Page 16 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  What do you think is the connection between the following words to the lesson? Based on your previous knowledge in Humanities, what are your ideas about the word you’ve decoded? Explain your answer briefly. In our previous lesson, we explored architectural forms. Now, let's differentiate between architectural form and architectural style. Architectural form primarily focuses on the shape of a structure. Dictated by function, it is less concerned with aesthetics. Architectural style, on the other hand, emphasizes aesthetic ideals and effects. It involves the design elements that make a building unique and recognizable. Style is concerned with appearance and aims to impress. Having established this distinction, let's delve into specific architectural styles. We will examine eight styles: Gothic, Romanesque, Beaux Art, Neoclassical, Rococo, Neo-Mudejar, East Asian, and Contemporary. Alongside these styles, we will explore examples of their buildings and their historical significance. Different Architectural Style Gothic architecture- is a European style characterized by height and intricate, delicate details. Initially termed "Opus Francigenum" or "French Work," it was later renamed "Gothic" in the Page 17 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  16th century. Influenced by Romanesque architecture, the Gothic style features exaggerated arches, expansive vaulting, large windows, and slender walls, often supported by flying buttresses. The Philippines boasts the Paoay Church, located in Ilocos Norte, as a prime example of a blend of Gothic and Baroque architectural styles. Also known as St. Augustine Church, it was constructed by Augustinian friars, beginning in 1694 and completed in 1710 under the supervision of Fr. Antonio Estavillo. The church's exterior showcases Gothic influences, while its interior exhibits Baroque design elements. To withstand the destructive power of earthquakes, which damaged the church in 1885 and 1865, it was reinforced with 24 massive buttresses. Beyond its architectural significance, the church's belfry was crucial in Philippine history. It served as an observation post for the Katipuneros during the 1896 revolution against Spain and later for Filipino guerrillas during World War II. Page 18 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Romanesque architecture- flourished in Europe during the late medieval era (800-1200). Characterized by semicircular arches, thick walls, vaulted ceilings, and small stained glass windows, it evolved through three distinct periods: Pre-Romanesque (800-1000) Early Romanesque (11th Century) Mature Romanesque (1070-1170) Given the influence of Romanesque architecture on the Gothic style, let's examine how Gothic architecture evolved to introduce improvements. The San Francisco de Asis Church, also known as the General Trias Church, is located in Town Square Plaza, General Trias, Cavite. Renowned for its Romanesque architectural style, the church has a rich history. Initially established by Franciscans in 1611, it was transferred to the Jesuits in 1624 before becoming an independent parish. Under the leadership of Doña Maria Josepha de Yrizzari y Ursula, the church was rebuilt in stone in 1769. The church convent holds historical significance as the rehearsal place for the San Francisco de Malabon band, who performed the Philippine National Anthem for the first time during the Declaration of Independence. Emilio Aguinaldo famously waved the Philippine flag as the band played, marking a pivotal moment in the nation's history. Page 19 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Beaux-Arts style- is a prominent subset of Neoclassical and Greek Revival architectural styles. Predominant during the American Gilded Age (1885-1925), it emerged as part of the American Renaissance movement, which blended classical Greek and Roman architecture with Renaissance ideals. Characterized by grandeur and opulence, Beaux-Arts buildings often feature balustrades, balconies, columns, cornices, pilasters, triangular pediments, grand stairways, and lavish ballrooms. El Hogar Filipino, located at the intersection of Juan Luna Street and Muelle de la Industria in Manila's Binondo District, is a prime example of Beaux-Arts architecture. Designed by Ramon Irureta-Goyena and Francisco Perez-Muñoz, the building was constructed in 1914 as a gift to Doña Margarita Zobel de Ayala and Spanish businessman Don Antonio Melian Pavia. The building is a testament to Beaux-Arts grandeur, featuring two garden courtyards, a balcony offering a view of the Pasig River, and a distinctive sculpted mythical griffin staircase. Originally serving as the office of the financing cooperative Sociedad El Hogar Filipino, the building stands as a historic landmark. Page 20 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Neoclassical architecture- is a revival of classical architectural styles that flourished during the 18th and 19th centuries. Inspired by ancient Greece and Rome, Neoclassical buildings often feature clean lines and a predominantly white color palette. While originating in Italy, the style gained prominence in France. Characterized by large-scale structures supported by columns, Neoclassical architecture incorporates three primary column types: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Additionally, these buildings often feature enlarged Renaissance-style domes and colonnades, rotundas, and porticoes for their entrances. Sta. Catalina de Alexandria Church in Dumaguete is a prime example of Neoclassical architecture. Renowned as Negros Island's oldest stone church, it serves as the main Roman Catholic cathedral for Central Visayas and the Diocese of Dumaguete. Construction began in 1754 and was completed in 1776, with subsequent reconstruction in 1885. The church's façade was extended in 1936 to accommodate St. Peter and St. Paul statues. Additionally, statues of St. Matthew, Mark, John, and Luke adorn the four pillars supporting the main entrance. Page 21 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Rococo architecture- emerged in France during the mid-1700s as an evolution of the Baroque style, often referred to as "Late Baroque." Known for its elaborate ornamentation, Rococo is characterized by intricate curves, scrolls, shell-like motifs, and plant-inspired details. This style favors light, pastel colors, and gold accents, contrasting basically with the Neoclassical preference for clean lines and simplicity. The Iglesia de Sta. Monica in Angat, Bulacan, is renowned for its Rococo interior. Founded by an Augustinian priest in 1693, the church boasts painted ceilings that reflect Filipino culture, notably depicting scenes from Simbang Gabi and Flores de Mayo. Inspired by Michelangelo's work on the Sistine Chapel, the ceiling paintings were initiated by Rene Robles in 1998 and completed by his son, Jess Robles, in 2000. The accompanying image showcases the church's interior and exterior architecture. Neo-Mudejar- is a revival of the Mudejar architectural style, which emerged in the 14th century as a fusion of Arab and Christian elements. The term "Neo-Mudejar" signifies this 20th-century resurgence. Characterized by the interplay of lines, intersections, and arches, Neo-Mudejar architecture incorporates calligraphy merged with symbolic or mythological motifs, resulting in a distinctive aesthetic that diverges from traditional Christian and Islamic expressions. Page 22 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  The Iglesia de Sta. Catalina in Carcar, Cebu, is a prime example of Neo-Mudejar style. Constructed between 1860 and 1875 under the supervision of Fr. Antonio Manglano and Fr. Manuel Fernandez Rubio, respectively, the church is renowned for its life-size statues of the twelve Apostles and angels. Its interior is further adorned with painted ceilings. East Asian Style- also known as Tenjiku (meaning "Indian Style" in Japanese), was a dominant architectural style in Japanese Buddhist architecture during the Kamakura period (1192-1333). Interestingly, it emerged as an unintended consequence of the Nara Buddhism revival. This style is characterized by its extensive use of wood, intricate beam bracketing, tiled roofs, and blocks positioned beneath eaves. Rectangular halls are also a defining feature. Page 23 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  The Cebu Taoist Temple, an exemplar of East Asian architecture, is situated in Beverly Hills Subdivision, Lahug. The temple complex comprises two distinct structures constructed in 1972 by Cebu's Chinese community. The Phu Sian Temple is closed to the public, while the Main Temple, elevated 270 meters above sea level, welcomes worshippers and visitors alike. Replicating a section of the Great Wall of China, the temple's entrance leads to a complex featuring a chapel, library, wishing well, souvenir shop, and a spacious balcony. Contemporary design- is a broad architectural style encompassing a wide range of influences. It often incorporates eco-friendly features and utilizes the latest technology and materials. Characterized by expressive forms, an emphasis on aesthetics, and versatile use of concrete, glass, aluminum, and asymmetrical facades, contemporary design can also feature color- shifting elements influenced by sunlight. Iconic examples of this style include the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the Shanghai Tower in China, and the Sydney Opera House. Page 24 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Now that you've completed this chapter, I hope you've gained valuable insights into architecture and developed a newfound appreciation for it as an art form. This lesson aimed to broaden your perspective on buildings, emphasizing that while design is essential, each architectural form serves a specific purpose. Remember, creating a building involves careful consideration and decision-making by professionals. Page 25 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Structural Analysis: Create a structural analysis of the five well-known churches in Davao City. Identify and explain whether what is the architectural style of the building based on the features. Compile and present your analysis in a creative way, like a magazine type. Be guided with the criteria for grading. Creativity 30 Overall Impression 30 Originality 20 Neatness 20 TOTAL 100 Closure Congratulations! You have completed Module 3. We ask you to do the last thing before moving on to the next module to answer the module assessment. Page 26 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  MODULE ASSESSMENT Part I. Identification: On the space provided, give the correct answer that the questions require. ___________1. It is an element that provides direction and emphasis on the integration of structural and decorative design. ___________2. It is an accidental by-product of the revival of Nara Buddhism. ___________3. The oldest stone church in Negros. ___________4. It is also known as St. Augustine Church. ___________5. It is the opposite of the Neoclassical Style ___________6. It is the two-dimensional representation of form. ___________7. The band that sang the National Anthem of the Philippines during the declaration of our first Independence Day. ___________8. An element that defines the shape, form, and volume of design. ___________9. This church is known for having a Sistine-like ceiling that resembles our Filipino Culture. ___________10. The name of the old financing cooperative office. Part II. Multiple Choice: Select the correct answer that corresponds to the given question. 1. This building form gives viewers a peaceful vision due to the repeated design and order. What form is being referred to? a. Regular Form b. Irregular Form c. Mixed Form d. Unusual Form 2. What do you call the element that defines the building’s initial aesthetic and can be perceived in two ways? a. Shape b. Material c. Color d. Texture 3. It is an element that can help define distinct divisions in a building. What element is being referred to? a. Shape b. Material c. Color d. Texture 4. What do you call the form that is usually inspired by the materials or is based on the designer’s creativity? a. Regular Form b. Irregular Form c. Mixed Form d. Unusual Form 5. This focuses on the appearance of the buildings and seeks to have an aesthetic ideal or effect. What term is being referred to? a. Architectural Forms b. Architectural Elements c. Architectural Style d. Architecture Page 27 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  6. What do you call the architectural style that was inspired by the classical art of Greece and Rome, and most of the buildings of this type are usually white in color? a. Gothic b. Romanesque c. Rococo d. Neoclassical 7. Which among the following does NOT belong to the group? a. Corinthian b. Doric c. Ionic d. Malthusian 8. Which of the following style below is also known as Indian Style? a. Baroque b. East Asian c. Neo- Mudejar d. Contemporary 9. This style uses unique features like gold and pastel colors. It also uses elaborated curves to make the design more regal. What style is being referred to? a. Gothic b. Romanesque c. Rococo d. Neoclassical 10. It is a type of form where the designer does not just copy the appearance of an object but also copies the function. What architectural form is being referred to? a. Regular b. Irregular c. Biomimetic d. Unusual Page 28 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  MODULE SUMMARY Architecture is the art of designing and constructing a building. We have seven elements in architecture: materials, line, color, shape, mass, texture, and space. Architectural forms refer to the shape or configuration of a building. We have five architectural forms: regular, irregular, mixed, nature-inspired, biomimetic architecture, and unusual. Architectural Style refers to the design and features that make it unique and notable. We have eight architectural styles: Gothic, Romanesque, Beaux Art, Neoclassical, Rococo, Neomudejar, East Asian, and Contemporary Design. References Britannica.com. Gothic Architecture. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/yc4ux5ay Britannica.com. Neoclassical architecture. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/hzux3964 Britannica.com. Rococo. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/mv6y3cnb Britannica.com. Romanesque Architecture. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020 from https://tinyurl.com/mtx9dpj8 Britannica.com. Tenjiku East Asian architectural style. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/2xyx43d2 Crisman, P. Form. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/2ssdvsa7 Cebu City Tour.com. Cebu Taoist Temple. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/2s37sfsd Dimen, Y. Paoay Church: A UNESCO Heritage Site in Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/4axmp8rw Dietrich, K. Architectural Design Elements. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/2f2hyany Dumaguete.com. ST. CATHERINE OF ALEXANDRIA CATHEDRAL. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020 from https://tinyurl.com/3emk2tm3 Estateone.biz. Neomudejar in Madrid. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020 from https://tinyurl.com/bdepta82 Happy, H. St. Francis of Assisi Parish Church (General Trias Church). Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/yh5wux7a Kennedy, R. Architectural Style. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/3xrrhm6h Limpag, M. Santa Catalina de Alejandria Church in Carcar. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/3mpstybs Nafie, C. How to Decorate in Contemporary Style. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/w3me2yje Planndesign.com. In Architecture. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/yps92nyr Rubio, P. El Hogar Filipino Building. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/mvx9h29k Scruton, R. Architecture as an Art. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/4hme4tjn Page 29 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Skyscrapercity.com. Neomudejar Architecture. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/47jmhecy Spacey, J. Function vs. Style. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/3rkmt487 The Art Story.org. BEAUX-ARTS ARCHITECTURE. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/3j96hs8d Triposo.com. Angat, Philippines Santa Monica Parish Church. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/5aswyhwb Page 30 of 30 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01