MODULE 2 PPT.pdf

SOURCES in HISTORY Jericho M. Beltran CLSU Department of Social Sciences HISTORICAL SOURCE Sources are our way of peering into the past, but the various kinds all present their own benefits and difficulties. This are any evidence that can be utilize in creating a narrative of the pa...

SOURCES in HISTORY Jericho M. Beltran CLSU Department of Social Sciences HISTORICAL SOURCE Sources are our way of peering into the past, but the various kinds all present their own benefits and difficulties. This are any evidence that can be utilize in creating a narrative of the past. SOURCES IN HISTORY Primary Source – a source that came and produced from the historical period that is being studied. Secondary Source – a source that was written or made through the use of a primary sources and other secondary sources. PRIMARY SOURCES The basic “raw material” of history, a material that came from the period being studied. It is the “eyewitness” of something or somebody at the events which it tells. CATEGORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES The remains or relics of a given historical period -- photographs, coins, skeletons, fossils, tools, weapons, utensils, furniture, buildings and pieces of art and culture CATEGORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES Those objects that have a direct physical relationship with the events being reconstructed --documents such as laws, files, letters, wills manuscripts, charters, memoranda, newspapers, magazines, journals, maps, minutes of meetings, inscriptions, transcriptions EVALUATING PRIMARY SOURCES As a student of history, you will want to ask: What can I know of the past based on this material? How can I be sure about it? How do I know these things? EVALUATING PRIMARY SOURCES Purpose and motives of the author Argument and strategy she or he uses to achieve those goals Presuppositions and values (in the text, and our own) Epistemology (evaluating truth content) Relate to other texts (compare and contrast) WRITTEN SOURCES It is the materials recorded by man through the use of their ability to write. Most typical sources utilize in historical study. ORAL SOURCES It relies on the memory of the people. Recounting the people’s community story to the historian. First coined by Joseph Gould by writing “An Oral History of Our Time” in NY. ARTIFACTS man-made things of archaeological interest, often from a cultural context. materials that came from the past that are utilized by man. EPIGRAPHY study of inscriptions engraved upon various surfaces, which may vary hugely in length from mere abbreviated words and administrative tablets to depicting entire official decrees. SECONDARY SOURCES An analysis, interpretation or a restatement of primary sources and are considered to be persuasive. It includes generalization, synthesis, interpretation, commentary or evaluation in an attempt to convince the reader of the creator's argument. SECONDARY SOURCES An analysis, interpretation or a restatement of primary sources and are considered to be persuasive. It includes generalization, synthesis, interpretation, commentary or evaluation in an attempt to convince the reader of the creator's argument.  SOURCES: JOSE RIZAL’S LIFE Rizal’s Diary “Diarios y memorias” Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr by Austin Coates SOURCES: N. ECIJA AGRICULTURE Talavera Irrigation System, A Historical Evaluation of the Emergence of Nueva Ecija as the Rice Granary of the established in 1924 Philippines by Fernando A. Santiago, Jr., Ph.D SOURCES: N. ECIJA AGRICULTURE Talavera Irrigation System, A Historical Evaluation of the Emergence of Nueva Ecija as the Rice Granary of the established in 1924 Philippines by Fernando A. Santiago, Jr., Ph.D SOURCES: WRITINGS OF 1970s Dekada 70 by Lualhati Bautista Dekada '70 (film) directed by Chito Rono SOURCES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Libraries – Sources where books, articles, newspapers and others can find. Archives – primary sources and documents stored on more complicated way The Internet – an unlimited source of information with have websites and online collections. SOURCES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Major Philippine History publications Emma Blair and James Robinson’s Philippine Islands Agoncillo books like Revolt of Masses, Malolos Crisis of the Republic, Fateful Years Reynaldo Ileto’s Pasyon at Rebolusyon SOURCES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Accounts by Filipino scholars of regional history Isabelo Delos Reyes’ Historia de Ilocos Domingo Abella’s Bikol Annals John Larkin’s The Pampangans Samuel K. Tan’s Sulu under American Rule Cesar Baroman’s Nueva Ecija, 1896-1946 SOURCES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY “Scraps of evidences” can be located on books and archival documents. Archival documents such as Military records (PRR, US Military, Guerilla) Religious missionary/church accounts Old cartographical materials Daily records/proceedings SOURCES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Online websites and resources such as National Memory Project Google Books Project Gutenburg NLP TechnoAklatan Internet Archive/University Collections SOURCES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Additional sources includes: Historical Data Papers (NLP Website) Maps Buildings/Monuments Local newspapers School/Municipal records SOURCES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Additional sources includes: News telecasts Videos and Footages Photographs Digital blogs and commentaries CHALLENGES ON SOURCES Transmission of information Authors may not be reliable Lack of sources itself CRITICISM IN HISTORY External Criticism – establish the authenticity of the primary source Internal Criticism – analyze the content of the primary source  “WE ONLY GET A FRAGMENTARY, DISTORTED VIEW; IT IS LIKE TRYING TO COMPLETE A PUZZLE WITH A LOT OF ODDLY SHAPED & MISSING PIECES.” – from World History Encyclopedia