MODULE-2-Part-1-METHODS-OF-PHILOSOPHIZING-Students-Copy (1).pptx

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZIN G QUARTER 1 MODULES 2: LESSON 4 GIBBS D.M. VERTUDEZ  OBJECTIVES 1 Differentiate truth from 2 opinion. Discuss the processes of acquiring knowledge 3 Explain the natur...

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZIN G QUARTER 1 MODULES 2: LESSON 4 GIBBS D.M. VERTUDEZ  OBJECTIVES 1 Differentiate truth from 2 opinion. Discuss the processes of acquiring knowledge 3 Explain the nature of knowledge through rationalism and empiricism ANY THOUGHTS? OPINION, FACT, TRUTH How each is the same and different from one another? Statements that can be proven through observation, experience or research. A statement of fact has objective content and is well-supported by the available evidence. On the other hand, a statement of opinion is one whose content is either subjective or not well supported by the available evidence (Corvino, 2015). In short, an opinion refers to what a person thinks about something but is lacking evidence. In this sense, the criterion of objectivity, which is a necessary condition of facts, is what separates an opinion from a fact. FACTS CAN BE TRUE OR FALSE BUT MUST BE ABLE TO BE PROVEN  INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZIN G QUARTER 1 MODULES 2: LESSON 5 GIBBS D.M. VERTUDEZ  OBJECTIVES 1 Identify the famous rationalists and 2 empiricists Discuss the different processes of acquiring and validating 3 Explain knowledge. the different theories of truth. RATIONALISTS It considers reason as the source of knowledge. It believes in innate knowledge. EMPIRICISTS It considers sensory experience as the source of knowledge. It does not believe in innate knowledge JOHN LOCKE Sir Francis Bacon is credited as the Father of Empiricism with establishing and popularizing the “scientific method” of inquiry into natural phenomena.  INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZIN G QUARTER 1 MODULES 2: LESSON 7 GIBBS D.M. VERTUDEZ  OBJECTIVES 1 Distinguish doing philosophy from philosophizing 2 Discus and apply the different philosophizing methods to their own philosophical inquiries. Dialego meaning to debate or discu  DIALECTIC vs SOCRATIC Dialectic is a method of philosophical discussion that involves opposing viewpoints to arrive at a logical conclusion. The Socratic dialogue is a specific form of dialectic that involves questioning and examining beliefs to arrive at a deeper understanding.  PRAGMATIC METHOD PASCAL’s WAGER: Pascal thought that evidence cannot settle the question of whether God exists, so he proposes that you should bet, or wager, on God because of what’s at stake: you have lots to gain and not much to lose. If God exists and I believe in God, I’ll go to heaven, which is infinitely good. If God exists and I don’t believe in God, I may go to hell, which is infinitely bad. If God does not exist, then whether I believe in God or not, whatever I’d gain or lose would be finite. So, I should believe in God.  PRAGMATIC METHOD PASCAL’s WAGER: Pascal thought that evidence cannot settle the question of whether God exists, so he proposes that you should bet, or wager, on God because of what’s at stake: you have lots to gain and not much to lose.  PRAGMATIC METHOD It is a philosophical movement that includes those who claim that an ideology or proposition is true if it works satisfactorily, that the meaning of a proposition is to be found in the practical consequences of accepting it, and that unpractical ideas are to be rejected. Phainomenon meaning appearance  PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD Phenomenology is a philosophy of experience. the ultimate source For phenomenology of all meaning and value is the lived experience of human beings. All philosophical systems, scientific theories, or aesthetic judgments have the status of abstractions from the ebb and flow of the lived world.  PRIMARY & SECONDARY REFLECTION Primary reflection dissolves the unity of experience, event, thing, etc. and analyzes the parts. Secondary reflection puts together what has been broken apart; locates it in the bigger scheme of things.  ANALYTIC METHOD The aim of the analytic approach is to clarify examining philosophical problems by and clarifying the language used to express them.