21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World (Module 2) PDF

ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES AICS Bldg. Commonwealth Ave. Brgy. Holy Spirit Quezon City SUBJECT ST 21 CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD TOPIC: AN O...

ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES AICS Bldg. Commonwealth Ave. Brgy. Holy Spirit Quezon City SUBJECT ST 21 CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD TOPIC: AN OVERVIEW OF PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY (MODULE 2) Lesson 1 AN OVERVIEW OF PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY Literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines, written in both Indigenous, and Hispanic languages. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and other native Philippine languages. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and other native Philippine languages. We designate as the body of work called “Philippine Literature” envolved in relation to our historical experience, emergence of the JOSE RIZAL’s Noli MeTangere as a reaction to the colonial oppression during Spanish Period. Let’s talk about Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo Y Realonda!  Fullname: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realondra  Birthdate: June 19, 1816 (Calamba, Laguna)  He died on December 30, 1896 (Bagumbayan)  35-year-old when he died.  Segunda Katigbak (1st Love)  Leonor Rivera (Greatest Love)  Josephine Bracken (Common Law-Wife) Dr. Jose P. Rizal wrote the novel to open the eyes of our countrymen, to let them truly see all the oppression our country was going through and that it was time to fight back. And he did such act fantastically. The novel was not heavy or dreading nor was it sugar coated. It was raw and real. It showcased abuse of power, sorrow, and greed. It showcased the truth. It showed us how the Spaniards twisted and turned the truth into something that would benefit them. It showed the inner clockworks of their selfishness and abuse. But despite the dark themes, it described love, not entirely romantic love, but more importantly love of country and family. Despite all the hardships and pain Ibarra went through, he kept on knocking down doors, he kept on trying to help. And in the sense of family love, we can all point to the commonly parodied Sisa. She did everything in her power to find her children, and despite the fact that she did not live to see the day where she finds her boys, she loved them until the last inch of her heart. Senor Ibarra also had a deep love for his father. PREPARED BY: MS. DE ASIS, PRINCESS JHAYCARL C.  This is supported by the fact that he let Padre Damaso‟s insults pass but when the priest tried to pick on his father, it took less than a beat for Ibarra to rise to his father‟s defense. The story also presented forgiveness. Ibarra was a very forgiving man. He forgave the man who tried to kill him at the placing of the cornerstone of the school he wanted to build. And since the man who attempted to murder him died in the placing of the cornerstone, Ibarra even offered to pay for the burial of the man. Sacrifice also was an important theme in the novel. If Elias did not sacrifice himself, then Ibarra would not have lived and the uprisings in the sequel of Noli Me Tangere would most likely not take place. There are 2 overall themes (themes that are carried on in to El Filibusterismo) is that war does not necessarily have to end through means of violence, it could always be ended peacefully, through words and maybe even forgiveness. And the second being that there will always be evil people in this world, but there will always be good people as well. And that when you think all the world is left to is violence and hatred, you are very much wrong because 1) Words are far stronger than any gun and 2) Good will always prevail. The Noli Me Tangere, realism is reflation on the origin and spread of nationalism, of how novel’s mode of narration enables its readers to imagine themselves as member of united community, never mind that they will never meet all of its other members. And in this study, we can figure out the roots of nationalism as an ideology, poses that the nation emerged as an imagined political community. This symbolic or ideological membership is precisely what the form of novel enacts. The novel, as exemplified by the Noli, presents a cast of characters who share a common past, present and future. IDEOLOGY it is a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy. Also known as a fundamental belief of a group and its members. work comes from the influences of the philosophy of Enlightenment. The political and social reforms that he espoused embodies general ideas of tolerance, more liberty, and the need for civil government. Lesson 2: 2 WAY RELATIONSHIP OF LITERATURE AND HISTORY Literature and history are closely related, in discovering the history of a race, feelings, aspirations customs and traditions of a people are surely to be included and these feelings, aspirations, customs, and traditions, that are written is literature. The history of literature is the historical developments of writings in prose and poetry which attempts to provide Entertainment, enlighten, or instruction to the reader/listener/observer. Here are some literary compositions that have influenced the world: 1. The Bible or the sacred heart 2. Koran PREPARED BY: MS. DE ASIS, PRINCESS JHAYCARL C. Literature and history, however, also have differences, Literature may be figments of the imagination or events devoid of truth that have been written down, while history is made up of events that really happened. Literature is present during the era of the ancient world. Even without the invention of words and language, literature was already manifested in the earliest human civilizations. Carvings and paintings on walls inside caves of stone give evidence about the lives of prehistoric people. They explain their way of life. Lesson 3. THE SURVIVAL OF PHILIPPINE LITERARY GENRES ARE CONTINGENT TO HISTORY The Pre-Colonial Period This existed before the Spanish occupation in the 1500s. It is oral in nature and is full of lessons and ideas about life, its blessings, and its consequences, it contains ideas from birth to the grave. The oral characteristic of pre-colonial literature gives the possibility for many alterations. In the Philippine context, no matter how it may be considered as altered, pre-colonial literature is still revered to by many Filipinos. The sources are usually the local native town folk. GENRE IN PHILIPPINES a. Riddles f. Songs of Death k. Fables b. Lullabies g. Religious Songs l. Epics c. Proverbs h. Folk Tales d. Drinking Songs i. Myths e. Love Songs j. Legends RIDDLES (MGA BUGTONG) These are statements that contain superficial words, but they function figuratively and as metaphors, and are in the form of questions. PROVERBS (MGA SALAWIKAIN) These are statements that are considered as wise. These are usually given by parents or elders of the community. FOLK SONGS - These are folk lyrics that are usually chanted. These usually contain ideas on aspirations, hopes, everyday life and expressions of love for loved ones. FORMS OF FOLK SONG 1. Lullabies (Oyayi) These is locally known as the Hele. These are sung to put to sleep babies. The content varies, but usually, parents sing these with ideas on how hard life is and how they hope that their child will not experience the hardships of life. 2. Drinking Songs- these are locally known as Tagay and are sung during drinking sessions. PREPARED BY: MS. DE ASIS, PRINCESS JHAYCARL C.  3. Love Songs (Kundiman)- to many Filipinos, these are known as the Harana. It can also be called Courtship Songs and are used by young men to capture the heart of the girl that they love. 4. Religious Songs- are songs or chants that are usually given during exorcisms and thanksgiving during good harvest. 5. Songs of Death- are lamentations that contain the roll of good deeds that the dead has usually done to immortalize his or her good image. FOLK TALES (MGA KWENTONG BAYAN) USUAL THEMES Ceremonies needed to appease the deities. Pre and Post apocalypse Life and Death Gods and Goddesses Heroes and Heroines Supernatural beings Animals MYTHS These tackle the natural to strange occurrences of the earth and how things were created with an aim to give an explanation to things. -There is Bathala for the Tagalogs and the Gueurang for the Bikolanos. - Paradise is known as Maca, while Hell is Kasanaaan. LEGENDS Through legends, the natives understood mysteries around them. These stories usually come with a moral lesson that give credit to supernatural powers, supernatural occurrences, and other out-of- this-world native imagination. FABLES Are short or brief stories that cater the children of the native Filipinos and are usually bounded by good manners and right conduct. These stories use animals as characters that represent a particular value or characteristic. EPICS Are very lengthy narratives that are based on oral tradition. These contain encounters of fighters, stereotypical princes or heroes that save a damsel in distress. SUMMARY: One of the most striking aspects of classical literature is its highly developed sense of genre. Of course, a literary work’s genre remains an important factor today. We too distinguish broad categories of poetry, prose, and drama, but also sub-genres (especially within the novel, now the most popular literary form) such as crime, romantic or historical fiction. We do the same in other creative media, such as film, with thrillers, horrors, westerns, and so on. But classical authors PREPARED BY: MS. DE ASIS, PRINCESS JHAYCARL C. were arguably even more aware than writers of genre fiction are today what forms and conventions applied to the genre they were writing in. All ancient literary texts are written in a particular genre, such as epic, tragedy, or pastoral. But what is a genre? The first thing to observe is that a genre is not a rigid mould which works must fit into, but a group of texts that share certain similarities – whether of form, performance context, or subject matter. For example, all the texts that make up the ancient genre of tragedy share certain ‘family resemblances’ (they are theatrical texts written in a particular poetic language, they reflect on human suffering, they show gods interacting with humans, and so on) that allow us to perceive them as a recognizable group can still be seen in modern literature and film, a genre comes with certain in-built codes, values, and expectations. It creates its own world, helping the author to communicate with the audience, as she deploys or disrupts generic expectations and so creates a variety of effects. PREPARED BY: MS. DE ASIS, PRINCESS JHAYCARL C.