Module 10 210-250 Aviation Standards PDF

Part 23 This code prescribes Airworthiness Standards for the issue of TCs and for changes to those certificates for aeroplanes in the following categories: Normal Utility Aerobatic Commuter. Ai...

Part 23 This code prescribes Airworthiness Standards for the issue of TCs and for changes to those certificates for aeroplanes in the following categories: Normal Utility Aerobatic Commuter. Aircraft Cessna 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 210 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Normal Category Aircraft Normal category applies to aeroplanes which are intended for non-aerobatic operation, having a seating configuration (excluding pilot seats) of nine seats or less, and a Maximum Take-off Weight (MTOW) of 5700 kg or less. Normal category aircraft must meet the airworthiness standards of CASR Part 23 (for aeroplanes) or Part 27 (for rotorcraft), or be automatically accepted from a CASA-recognised country or comply with the predecessors or equivalents of these standards. Note that normal category aeroplanes which have been type-certificated under the CS – Very Light Aircraft (VLA; EASA) design requirements carry more design restrictions than the broad category specified above: Single, non-turbine engine only Two seats or less MTOW of 750 kg or less Stall speed of 45 kt or less, in the landing configuration. A very light aircraft must have two seats or less Operating restrictions are also placed on JAR-VLA types fitted with an engine certificated under CASR Part 32. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 211 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Notwithstanding the nine-seat maximum limitation expressed, the Normal category includes aircraft certificated under Special Federal Aviation Regulations SFAR 41 and SFAR 23 (with weight and seating limitation extensions). Non-aerobatic operation includes: Any manoeuvre incidental to normal flying Stalls, other than flick stalls Lazy eights, chandelles and steep turns in which the angle of bank does not exceed 60°. Example of a normal category aircraft—A Cessna 172 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 212 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Utility Category Aircraft The utility category applies to aeroplanes, gliders and powered sailplanes which can be used for limited aerobatic operations, having a seating configuration (excluding pilot seats) of nine seats or less and an MTOW of 5700 kg or less. Utility category aircraft can be considered Normal category ‘plus’ aircraft and can thus, for example, provide more operational flexibility as basic training aircraft. Utility category aircraft must meet the design requirements of CASR Part 22 or 23, be automatically accepted from a CASA-recognised country, or comply with the predecessors or equivalents of these standards. Design requirements additional to those required for the Normal category include increased structural load and design dive speed factors. Limited aerobatic operation includes: Spins (if approved for the particular type) Lazy eights, chandelles and steep turns, or similar manoeuvres in which the angle of bank is more than 60° but not more than 90°. steuccio79/stock.adobe.com used with permission Utility category aircraft 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 213 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Aerobatic Category Aircraft Aerobatic category applies to aeroplanes, gliders and powered sailplanes which can be used for aerobatic operations, having a seating configuration (excluding pilot seats) of nine seats or less and a MTOW of 5700 kg or less. Aerobatic aircraft can be flown without restrictions, other than those shown to be necessary as a result of certification flight testing. Aerobatic category aircraft must meet the design requirements of CASR Parts 22 or 23, be automatically accepted from a CASA-recognised country, or comply with the predecessors or equivalents of these standards. realstock1/stock.adobe.com used with permission Aerobatic aircraft 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 214 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Commuter Category Aircraft The commuter category applies to aircraft which are intended for non-aerobatic operation and which are multi-engine, propeller-driven aeroplanes having a seating configuration (excluding pilot seats) of 19 seats or less and a MTOW of 8618 kg or less. Commuter category aircraft must meet the design requirements of CASR Part 23 or be automatically accepted from a CASA-recognised country. The design code calls for a number of design requirements for the Commuter category, additional to those specified for the Normal category, in areas such as performance, structural, control and powerplant certification, and thus confers a higher level of safety than is intrinsic to the Normal category. Example of a Commuter Category Aircraft: A Beechcraft C-12 Huron 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 215 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 27 CASR Part 27 was developed to specify the Airworthiness Standards for Normal category rotorcraft. These are rotorcraft with a MTOW up to 3175 kg and up to nine passenger seats. CASR Part 27 has been based on foreign legislation, specifically the US Federal Aviation Regulations Part 27. Photo by Athena from Pexels Small rotorcraft on a helideck 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 216 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Parts 25 and Part 29 The transport category applies to multi-engine aircraft primarily intended for the Regular Public Transport of passengers and/or cargo for hire or reward. The Transport category generally applies to aircraft with a MTOW in excess of 5700 kg. Such aircraft must meet the Airworthiness Standards of CASR Part 25 (for aeroplanes) or CASR Part 29 (for rotorcraft) or be automatically accepted from a CASA-recognised country or comply with the predecessors or equivalents of these standards. There are some exceptions to the requirements outlined above: Nothing precludes a multi-engine aircraft of less than 5700 kg MTOW being certificated in the Transport Category if that is the election of a manufacturer. However, the aircraft type must still meet CASR Part 25 or Part 29. Commuter category aircraft may be in excess of 5700 kg MTOW. Some normal category types may be in excess of 5700 kg MTOW, e.g. aircraft certificated under Special FAR (SFAR) Part 41. The Australian Airworthiness Standards include a Transport category of aircraft based on FAR Part 23 (Normal) certification if certain minimum design features (such as multi-engine configuration) are met. Example of a helicopter transport category aircraft 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 217 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Certification of Aircraft, Parts and Appliances II (10.5) Learning Objectives 10.5.1.1 Explain the structure and intent of Part 21 of CASR 1998 (Level 2). 10.5.2.3 Explain the purpose and issue of Special Flight Permits (Level 2). 10.5.2.4 Explain Certificates of Registration and the obligations of the registration holder (Level 2). 10.5.2.5 Explain the purpose and issue of Noise Certificates (Level 2). 10.5.2.6 Explain the purpose of Weight Schedules and the obligation operators have for regular aircraft weighing (Level 2). 10.5.2.7 Explain the purpose and issue of Radio Station Licence and Approvals (Level 2). 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 218 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Primary Category Aircraft Part 21 Primary Category CASR Part 21 introduced a new category of aircraft known as Primary category aircraft, which is identical to the FAA Primary category. These aircraft are of simple design and intended for pleasure and personal use only. To be eligible for Primary category certification, the aircraft (aeroplanes, gliders, rotorcraft, manned free balloons, etc.) must meet the description defined in CASR 21.24. The simplified certification procedures allowed under CASR 21.24 should result in less CASA involvement as compared with traditional certification procedures. The intent is to speed up and reduce the cost of Primary category aircraft type certification, with minimum CASA participation in any individual type certification program. Primary category certification is optional. An applicant may certificate an aircraft meeting the description of CASR 21.24 in the Primary category or may choose to use one of the other small aircraft procedures and standards as listed in AC 21.13. A Primary category aircraft cannot have a multiple-category Certificate of Airworthiness (CofA). An applicant’s decision as to the certification category may be influenced by the design of the aircraft to be certificated and by the use and demand the applicant foresees for the aircraft being developed. Example of a helicopter that could be a primary category aircraft 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 219 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Primary Category Type Certificates The applicant is entitled to a TC for an aircraft in the Primary category if the aircraft: is unpowered, or is an aeroplane powered by a single, naturally aspirated engine with 61 kt or less stall speed has a MTOW of not more than 1225 kg or, 1530 kg if the aircraft is a seaplane, and has an unpressurised cabin. OR is a rotorcraft powered by a single, naturally aspirated engine, and has a defined main rotor disc loading limitation. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 220 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Special Flight Permit Issue of Special Flight Permits A Special Flight Permit (SFP) is generally issued when: A CofA is temporarily invalid, for example, as the result of damage or lack of maintenance, or A CofA cannot be issued, for instance, when the aircraft does not comply with the essential requirements for airworthiness, or Compliance with airworthiness requirements has not yet been shown, but the aircraft is nevertheless capable of performing a safe flight. Note: An SFP is not an authorisation to deviate from regulatory requirements for the operation of the aircraft. CASR 21.197 allows CASA or an authorised person to issue SFPs. The following general guidelines indicate the baseline for the regulatory oversight of SFPs: Regulation 21.197 applies to those aircraft that may not currently meet applicable airworthiness requirements, but are capable of safe flight, which may be flown under an SFP. An SFP may be issued for one or more of the following purposes: Flying to a base where repairs, alterations or maintenance are to be carried out or to a point of storage Delivering or exporting the aircraft Production flight testing new production aircraft Evacuating the aircraft from areas of impending danger Conducting customer demonstration flights in new production aircraft Assisting in search and rescue of persons in danger Dealing with a state of emergency. Note: This includes allowing an aircraft fitted with an aeronautical product covered by an Airworthiness Directive (AD) to fly if the AD does not contain a statement to the effect that an SFP must not be issued. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 221 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Aviation Australia CASA Special Flight Permit excerpt This regulation applies to aircraft that meet all the applicable airworthiness requirements except those that cannot be met because of an overweight condition. An SFP under the provisions of this regulation may be issued for any temporary non-commercial operation of an overweight aircraft. Where an SFP is granted for the purposes of a ferry flight for an aircraft exceeding its certificated MTOW, no separate exemption for the flight is required. Specific conditions and limitations relating to the permitted operations are contained in the SFP. The validity of the SFP is not affected by the operation of the aircraft outside Australia as long as it is operated for the intended purpose and within the time frame specified on the permit. An SFP does not authorise flight over countries other than Australia without the permission of those countries. An SFP does not allow commercial operations of the aircraft. Flight tests for the purpose of completion of a maintenance action or assessment flights as detailed in the AMM may be conducted by entering the requirement in the aircraft technical log. No SFP is required. An SFP should not be confused with a special flight authorisation, which allows operation of a foreign registered aircraft in Australia that is operating on an SFP or a special CofA issued by a National Airworthiness Authority (NAA). Application for an SFP is made on CASA Form 725. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 222 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Issue of a Special Flight Permit Prior to the issue of the SFP, CASA or the authorised person may require an inspection of the aircraft. The applicant must facilitate any such request and should understand that such an inspection would only be required to resolve issues associated with the capability of safe flight for the intended purpose(s). The inspection could be carried out by the relevant authorised person, by a CASA inspector or by another entity, e.g. a licensed aircraft maintenance engineer (LAME), as directed by the authorised person or CASA. Subsequent to any inspection, and after consideration of all the facts presented to the authorised person or the CASA inspector, the authorised person will then decide on the conditions, limitations and/or directions which shall be applied, and the SFP issued. Note that an SFP may be sent to an operator (by electronic means), and the sent copy will be considered valid for the aircraft’s operation under the conditions of the SFP. However, the original form must be carried on board the aircraft for any international operation. The regulations allow the authorised person or CASA considerable latitude in exempting certain regulatory requirements which apply to civil aircraft in normal circumstances, as follows: The aircraft can be unregistered only if it is not to be operated in international airspace. The aircraft can be flown without a certified CRS. The aircraft can be flown without nationality or registration marks applied. The aircraft may not have to comply with conditions reflected in a certified CRS. The aircraft can be flown with maintenance, and certification for maintenance, outstanding. The aircraft can be flown without carrying any or all of the documents listed in CAR 139. SFPs provide a qualified exemption to normal airworthiness requirements in order that an unserviceable aircraft may still be operated in an acceptable and safe manner, but not for commercial operations. An SFP is normally issued for a specific duration to allow for the prescribed flight or flights. The certificate will be in force for the specified period or until cancelled, whichever occurs first. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 223 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Image by Herry Sutanto on Unsplash Before issuing a Special Flight Permit, CASA or an authorised person will require an inspection of the aircraft. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 224 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Certificate of Registration Part 47 CASR Part 47 introduces the concepts of Registration Holder and Registered Operator. The Registration Holder must be the legal owner of the aircraft and the Registered Operator will be the person responsible for the continuing airworthiness and maintenance control of the aircraft. Registration Holder To be a Registration Holder, you must be a legal entity and be able to supply proof of this. A legal entity is an individual, an incorporated body, a corporation with an Australian Company Number (ACN), or a government or government agency. An example of the proof required for an individual is a certified true copy of a current driver’s licence or one that expired in the last two years. An organisation must supply its ACN or a certified true copy of a Certificate of Incorporation. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 225 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Registered Operator To be a Registered Operator, you must be an eligible person and be able to supply proof of this. However, you will only need to supply documentary proof of eligibility if notified to do so by CASA. An eligible person is defined as one of the following: A resident of Australia who is: 18 years of age or older, and An Australian citizen or the holder of a permanent visa, A corporation incorporated under the Corporations Act 2001, or A body incorporated under a law (other than the Corporations Act 2001) in force in Australia, the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory, or An agency of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory, or A foreign corporation that is lawfully carrying on business in Australia. Identification for a Registered Operator is a little more complicated for an individual, as they need to prove Australian residency, age and Australian citizenship or permanent visa holder status. This requires, for example, a certified true copy of a current driver’s licence plus a certified true copy of one of the following: A full birth certificate showing your parents’ details An Australian citizenship certificate, or An Australian passport showing your nationality as Australian. An organisation would need to supply its ACN, a certified true copy of a Certificate of Incorporation or, for a foreign corporation, proof that it is lawfully carrying on business in Australia. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 226 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  CASR Part 47 Part 47 covers the registration of aircraft and relates how aircraft are registered and how registration marks are assigned to aircraft. Aircraft exempt from Part 47 regulations include: A foreign registered aircraft An unmanned free balloon or permanently tethered balloon A kite A model aircraft A parachute A rocket An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), other than a large UAV. CASA must keep a register of all registered aircraft, which is called the Australian Civil Aircraft Register, available at https://www.casa.gov.au/. CASA must enter the following information about the aircraft in this register: Registration mark assigned to the aircraft Type of aircraft Manufacturer, model and serial number (refer to the data plate) Country and year of manufacture Name and address of the owner Name and address of the registered operator Day on which it was registered If the registration is for a particular period, the day on which the registration ends. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 227 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Registration of aircraft on CASA website 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 228 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Noise Certification Introduction to Noise Certification Noise certification requirements, including requirements for Primary category aircraft, are addressed in AC 21.13. Noise certification for individual aircraft is required in Australia before the aircraft can legally operate in Australian territory. Aircraft noise is regulated through the Air Navigation (Aircraft Noise) Regulations, introduced under the Air Navigation Act 1920, in 1984. Noise certification, or lack of such certification, has no legal impact on type certification (in some other countries, such as the US, noise certification is an integral part of the type certification program) or individual CofA issue. However, if an individual aircraft does not meet the Australian noise requirements, then it is illegal for that aircraft to operate in Australian territory, even though the aircraft may have a valid CofA. Prior to the processing of the first CofA for the type, the manufacturer/TC holder must complete formal noise testing for long-term operation of the type in Australia. For aircraft not exceeding 450 kg, the requirements are laid down in Subsection 9 of CAO 101.55. Airservices Australia will normally witness or actually carry out normal light aircraft noise testing. This is not necessary for the CAO 101.55 case. However, all results must be passed to the Environment Monitoring Branch of Airservices Australia, which will ultimately issue the noise certificate to the manufacturer/TC holder. If long-term noise certification cannot be granted, Airservices Australia may issue a Permission to Operate at the time of the initial application. This may be given on a limited duration/restricted route basis, and in that sense could be aligned to the terms of the experimental certificate of the test aircraft. Aviation Australia Extract from AC 21.13 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 229 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Weight Schedules Weight and Balance Reports A weight and balance report for Transport aircraft and Commuter category aeroplanes must be based on an actual weighing of the aircraft within the period of 12 months preceding the application for the export airworthiness approval for the aircraft, and after any major repairs or modifications to the aircraft. Any changes in equipment that are made after the actual weighing of the aircraft (except changes classed as major changes) may be accounted for on a computed basis and the report revised accordingly. Manufacturers of new non-Transport-category aeroplanes, Normal category rotorcraft or gliders may include computed weight and balance data in the report instead of the results of an actual weighing of the aircraft if fleet weight control procedures approved by CASA have been established for the aircraft. In this case, the following statement must be included in each report: ‘The weight and balance data shown in this report are computed on the basis of CASA’s approved procedures for establishing fleet weight averages’. A weight and balance report must include an equipment list showing weights and moment arms of all required and optional items of equipment that are included in the certificated empty weight. CAO Section 100.7 refers to the administration and procedure for weight control of aircraft. The order covers procedures for the following: Weighing intervals Weighing procedures Loading data Record of weight alterations Current empty weight. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 230 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Aeroweigh - full wireless weighing scale system Beechcraft King Air weighing 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 231 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Radio Station Licences Radio Station Licence and Approval The purpose of a Radio Station Licence is to licence the aircraft’s radio communication equipment. Airworthiness bulletin AWB 23-001 Issue 2 is applicable to all aircraft equipped with radio communication and radio navigation equipment. Radio equipment installed in an aircraft must be licensed in accordance with the rules of the Commonwealth of Australia. On 18 August 2016, the Australian Communications Media Authority (ACMA) introduced the Aircraft and Aeronautical Mobile Stations Class Licence system. It authorises the operation of a range of aeronautical radiocommunications and radio navigation equipment fixed to or carried onboard all aircraft, including recreational aircraft. Class licencing is an effective and efficient means of spectrum management for services for which a limited set of common frequencies are employed and equipment is operated under a common set of conditions. It also involves minimum licence administration by ACMA. A class licence sets out the conditions under which any person is permitted to operate; it is not issued to an individual user and does not involve licence fees or licence conditions applied to individuals. Class licences authorise users of designated segments of the spectrum to operate on a shared basis. The licences are issued by ACMA by a notice published in the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. The class licence is issued to cover the radio communication and radio navigation equipment normally installed. Aircraft radio 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 232 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Approval of Airborne Radio Systems CAO Section 100.37 specifies the procedures to be followed to obtain approval for installation or changes to airborne radio systems, including portable radio equipment. Prior to the issue of an Australian CofA, or of an SFP being issued, the owner of the aircraft or a person or organisation acting on their behalf, must provide the director with a schedule giving the type or model numbers and a description of the major items of equipment comprising the radio systems in the aircraft. For each proposed new system installation or modification to an existing system, a radio installation data sheet or equivalent document must be prepared for approval by the Director of Aviation Safety or a person authorised to approve the design. The radio installation data sheet or equivalent document must specify the following and must be signed by the person co-ordinating the system design: Name of the organisation responsible for the design, data sheet serial number and date Aircraft registration Proposed installation details and procedures Identification of the installation drawing(s) Any variations made to the procedures and drawings with respect to the particular aircraft Proving tests to be made. Within 28 days of certification being made in a logbook or equivalent document for the installation or modification of a part of a radio system in an aircraft, the owner of the aircraft, or a person or organisation acting on their behalf, must forward to a field office of CASA a schedule giving the type or model number and description of the major items of equipment which were installed in, and/or removed from, the aircraft. These procedures must be implemented before the aircraft can be issued a CofA or SFP. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 233 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 234 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Licensing of Ground Operations Personnel Part 64 of CASR 1998 consolidates the rules governing the licensing of ground operations personnel. It prescribes the privileges and requirements for the grant of an Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate (AROC) and includes a provision to recognise the training and assessment conducted by Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) for the grant of an AROC. © CASR CASR Part 64 under Part 61 covers flight crew licensing Part 64 affects operators of unmanned aircraft and those who do not hold a pilot licence but need to operate an aeronautical radio either in flight or on the ground. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 235 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Eligibility for Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate An aeronautical radio operator is a person trained and assessed against the Part 61 Manual of Standards. The training covers the operation of an aeronautical radio to the standards specified in the Part 61 Manual of Standards. CASA AROC Brochure Aeronautical Radio Operator The person’s eligibility to deliver the training is as follows: A pilot instructor who holds a training endorsement that authorises the instructor to conduct flight training for a pilot licence or flight crew rating A registered training organisation whose scope of registration covers the training The holder of a CASA approval. An assessor to persons requiring the competency standards (specified in the Part 61 MOS) for the operation of an aeronautical radio is as follows: CASA A flight examiner A pilot instructor who holds a training endorsement that authorises the instructor to conduct flight training for a pilot licence or flight crew rating The holder of an approval The holder of an equivalent foreign qualification. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 236 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  A person is eligible for the grant of an AROC if: The person is at least 17 years old The person holds a foreign qualification that is equivalent to: A private pilot licence, commercial pilot licence, multi‑crew pilot licence, air transport pilot licence or flight engineer licence A recreational pilot licence with a flight radio endorsement An aeronautical radio operator certificate, and either: The qualification includes a statement to the effect that the person meets an ICAO English language proficiency standard equivalent to the ICAO level 4, 5 or 6 in aviation English Language Proficiency standard specified in the Part 61 Manual of Standards, or The person has a current aviation English language proficiency assessment. CASA AROC Brochure Aeronautical radio operator requirements 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 237 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Assessor Obligations This applies to a flight examiner, pilot instructor or approval holder (the assessor) who assesses a person requiring the competency standards for the operation of an aeronautical radio. The assessor is committing an offence if they are not satisfied, before conducting the assessment, that the person has completed the training. Application for Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate A person may apply in writing, using CASA Form 64-ROC, to CASA for the grant of an AROC. If the applicant is relying on the training and assessment, the application must be accompanied by evidence of the applicant’s aviation English language proficiency assessment. If the applicant is relying on a foreign qualification, the application must be accompanied by a certified true copy of the qualification. The only exception being is where the qualification includes a statement that the person meets the ICAO level 4, 5 or 6 aviation English language proficiency standard, evidence of the applicant’s ICAO English language proficiency assessment. CASA AROC Brochure CASA 64-ROC Application form excerpt 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 238 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Grant of Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate CASA must grant the certificate if it is satisfied that the applicant is eligible for the grant of the certificate. Holder of Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate May Operate Radio The holder of an AROC is authorised to transmit on a radio frequency used for the purpose of ensuring the safety of air navigation. However, the holder is authorised to make the transmission only if they have a current aviation English language proficiency assessment. A person who does not hold an AROC is authorised to transmit on a radio frequency used for the purpose of ensuring the safety of air navigation if the transmission is made: For the purpose of receiving training or assessment in the use of an aeronautical radio, and Under the direct supervision of a person who is eligible to carry out training and is an approved Assessor. © CASA AROC application form CASA 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 239 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Parts 21 and 42 of CASR 1998 (10.6) Learning Objectives 10.6.1 Describe in detail the structure and intent of Part 21 of CASR 1998 provisions relating to continuing airworthiness (Level 2). 10.6.2 Describe in detail the structure and intent of Part 42 of CASR 1998 (Level 2). 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 240 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 21 of CASR 1998 Part 21 CASR Part 21 has provisions that ensure continuing airworthiness of Australian aircraft. They are the Certification and Airworthiness requirements involving: Type certification Airworthiness certification Production certification, including: Approval of materials, parts, processes and appliances, and Identification of aircraft and aeronautical products. CASR Part 21 Definitions Appliance Appliance means any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, apparatus, accessory, including communication equipment, that is used or intended to be used in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, and is installed in or attached to the aircraft and is not a part of an airframe, engine or propeller. Article Article means a material, part, process or appliance used on civil aircraft. Australian Technical Standard Order Authorisation (ATSOA) ATSOA authorisations are issued on communications and navigation equipment, instruments, generators, wheels and tyres, oxygen systems, mechanical fasteners, seats and seat belts, and a variety of other appliances. Under the ATSOA authorisation system, the manufacturer of these articles, after suitable evaluation and testing, certifies that an article complies with minimum performance standards set forth by a specified ATSOA or TSO. CASA then finds compliance against CASR Part 21 and authorises the production of the article under the ATSOA authorisation system. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 241 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Production Certification and Approval Production Certification Advisory Circulars (ACs) for particular approvals include: AC 21.27 Manufacturing Approval—Overview AC 21.20 Production under Type Certificate Only AC 21.14 Production Certificates (PCs) AC 21.16 Australian Parts Manufacturer Approval (APMA) AC 21.601 Australian Technical Standard Order Authorisation (ATSOA). It is necessary to obtain manufacturing approval under CASR Part 21 to manufacture aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers and all parts therein. There are currently two methods under which approval for the manufacture of aircraft, aircraft engines and propellers can be achieved: Production under a Type Certificate (TC) only (CASR Part 21 Subpart F), and Manufacture under a Production Certificate (PC) (CASR Part 21 Subpart G). Generally, parts other than aircraft, engines and propellers can be manufactured only in Australia under an Australian Parts Manufacturing Approval (APMA) or an Australian Technical Standard Order Authorisation (ATSOA). References to these approvals are: Part 21 Subpart K for APMA, and Part 21 Subpart O for ATSOA. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 242 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Approval of materials, parts, processes and appliances 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 243 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Production Under a Type Certificate Only A manufacturer not holding a PC who has been issued a TC or has a licence agreement to manufacture a Type-Certificated product and wishes to commence manufacturing must, within six months from the date of issue of the TC, establish, and have approved by CASA, a Production Inspection System (PIS). This is to ensure that each example of the product conforms to the Type Design and is in a condition for safe operation. As part of the establishment of the PIS, the manufacturer is required to submit a manual that describes the system and the means of making the determinations in accordance with CASR Part 21. CASA will evaluate the manual to determine whether the contents are adequate to show compliance with Subparts 21.125 through 21.130, as applicable, and verify that it provides a clear and complete description of the tests, procedures, records and forms necessary to maintain the quality system. CASA Airworthiness Inspectors will physically inspect the various areas of the PIS. agnormark/stock.adobe.com used with permission CASA inspectors inspect the various areas of the Product Inspection system 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 244 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Manufacture Under a Production Certificate A manufacturer who is the holder of a Production Certificate (PC) has additional privileges over one who is manufacturing under a TC only; they are not required to submit a Statement of Conformity and are entitled to issue a CofA without further showing. However, the Authority may inspect the aircraft, engine or propeller to determine that it conforms to the Type Design and is in a condition for safe operation. In order to be eligible for the issuance of a PC, the applicant must be the holder of, or have manufacturing rights to, a TC or an STC and satisfy the requirements for a quality system. The existence of an ISO 9000 series Quality Management System will not in itself show compliance with this requirement. The Production Certificate holder must maintain the quality system in conformity with the CASA- approved procedures manual. They must also ensure that each completed product submitted for airworthiness certification/approval conforms to the approved technical data and is in a condition for safe operation. Production Certificate holders are encouraged to set up an independent quality assurance function to monitor compliance with, and adequacy of, the documented procedures of the quality system. This monitoring should include a system of feedback to management to ensure effective review of corrective actions. A manufacturer with a PC has additional privileges than a manufacturer with only a TC 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 245 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Australian Parts Manufacturing Approval An Australian Parts Manufacturing Approval (APMA) will be issued when CASA is satisfied that the design meets the applicable airworthiness requirements and that the Fabrication Inspection System (FIS) requirements have been met. The holder of an APMA must establish and maintain an FIS that ensures each completed part conforms to its design data and is safe for installation on applicable Type-Certificated aircraft, aircraft engines or propellers. An APMA is required for aircraft parts to be sold for installation on aircraft or aeronautical products, other than: ‘Original’ parts produced by the holder of a TC or PC ‘Standard parts’ Parts approved and manufactured under an ATSO or equivalent from a recognised NAA country. Parts Fabricated in The Course of Maintenance (FITCOM) by an Approved Maintenance Organisation. Parts manufactured by an owner or operator for maintaining or altering an aircraft, an aircraft engine or a propeller that has been manufactured by the owner or operator. The approval granted under Subpart K of CASR Part 21 is an engineering approval of the design data combined with a manufacturing approval. The Authority needs to be satisfied that the manufacturer has sufficient manufacturing capability to carry out the fabrication in accordance with the design data and has in place an FIS that ensures the product conforms to that data and is safe for installation on a type-certificated product. The circumstances that involve an APMA include the following: A parts manufacturer producing a part that is a replacement part for one manufactured by a TC or STC holder and which is identical to the TC or STC part A parts manufacturer producing a part that can be used in lieu of a TC or STC holder’s part but is not identical, in which case full substantiation of the design must be shown with the applicable airworthiness requirements of the CASRs (i.e. a replacement part that in effect is a modification) A parts manufacturer producing a part under licence to a TC or STC holder but not using the TC holder’s inspection or quality system. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 246 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Australian Technical Standard Order Authorisation Advisory Circular (AC) 21 - 601 explains the requirements for the issue of Australian Technical Standard Order Authorisation (ATSOA) and the rules governing the holders of these authorisations. It describes acceptable, but not the sole means of compliance with the requirements. This AC provides information and guidance with respect to the ATSOA system. The ATSOA system is one method of obtaining CASA approval for specific articles used on Australian aircraft. An article manufactured under an ATSOA or a design approval is an approved part or appliance for the purpose of meeting the provisions of the regulations that require the article to be approved. ©Aviation Australia AC 21-601 Australian Technical Standard Order authorisation - Cover Page 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 247 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Identification of Aircraft and Aeronautical Products An applicant for a CofA for an aircraft must show that the aircraft is identified. An Aircraft Manufacturer’s Data Plate is used to identify the aircraft, aircraft engine and propeller. Manufacturer's Data Plate The manufacturer of an aircraft must attach to it a fireproof manufacturer’s data plate bearing the following information: The name of the manufacturer The identification number of the aircraft’s Type Certificate (if any) The identification number of the Production Certificate (if any) under which the aircraft is manufactured The aircraft’s model designation The aircraft’s serial number. The data plate must be attached in a way that ensures it is not likely to be defaced or removed during normal service, nor lost or destroyed in an accident. The plate must be in an accessible location near an entrance and may be either external or internal. It is considered acceptable when it is visible to a person who is at, or within the entrance of the aircraft. For an aircraft with more than one door, the entrance most used by the flight crew would be considered the most appropriate location for the identification plate. Aviation Australia Manufacturer data plate 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 248 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Regulations set out the requirements for attaching a manufacturer’s data plate to an aircraft engine. The regulations apply to the holder of the Type Certificate or Production Certificate under which such an aircraft engine is manufactured. The holder of the Type Certificate or Production Certificate must attach to the engine a fireproof manufacturer’s data plate bearing the following information: The manufacturer’s name The identification number of the engine’s Type Certificate (if any) The identification number of the Production Certificate (if any) under which the engine is manufactured The engine’s model designation The serial number If its rating is stated in its Type Certificate, that rating. Identification of aircraft and aeronautical products The data plate must be attached to the engine: In a place where a person carrying out maintenance on the engine can read it, and In a way that ensures the plate is not likely to be defaced or become detached from the engine during normal service, nor to be lost or destroyed in an accident. Similarly, aircraft propellers, blades and hubs must carry identification marks. The information is the same as listed above for an aircraft. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 249 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  The holder of the Type Certificate or Production Certificate under which such a propeller, blade or hub is manufactured must: Legibly mark the information on it by a fireproof method, or Attach to it a manufacturer’s data plate on which that information is legibly marked by a fireproof method, and If information is marked on a propeller, blade or hub, it must be marked in a way that ensures it is not likely to be defaced. If a manufacturer’s data plate is attached to a propeller, blade or hub, the plate must be attached to a non‑critical surface in a way that ensures the plate is not likely to be defaced or become detached during normal service, nor to be lost in an accident. Propeller identification A person must not remove or alter a manufacturer’s data plate from an aircraft propeller, propeller blade or propeller hub if the person does not have CASA’s written approval to do so. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 250 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only