MODULE 1 UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.pdf

UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM Module 1: Our Solar System SCI103 – Earth Science OBJECTIVES Describe the historical development of theories that explain the origin of the universe Describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life  Webb’s First Deep F...

UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM Module 1: Our Solar System SCI103 – Earth Science OBJECTIVES Describe the historical development of theories that explain the origin of the universe Describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life  Webb’s First Deep Field image of galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 Source: https://www.nasa.gov/webbfirstimages Stephan’s Quintet compact group of galaxies, located in the constellation Pegasus Source: https://www.nasa.gov/webbfirstimages  HOW DID THE UNIVERSE BEGIN? universe (n.) – from Latin unus; versus, vertere; universum, universus – from Old French univers “the whole world, cosmos, the totality of existing things” cosmos (n.) – Greek kosmos “order” “world” “the universe, the world” “an orderly harmonious systematic universe” The Big Bang Edwin Hubble, 1929 – observed that all galaxies were moving away from one another By plotting these motions, he surmised a common starting point and time Expanded – creating the universe, space, time, matter, and energy Calculating back from the galaxies, we get a starting point in time of 13.7 bya MAIN OBJECTS IN THE UNIVERSE Stars Stellar Systems Galaxy  MAIN OBJECTS IN THE UNIVERSE Stars - any massive self-luminous celestial body of gas that shines by radiation derived from its internal energy sources Source: https://byjus.com/physics/life-cycle-of-stars/ MAIN OBJECTS IN THE UNIVERSE Solar Systems - a star and other objects such as planets and/or other stars and other materials that orbit it. Source: https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/solar-system-gm482954331-13391001 MAIN OBJECTS IN THE UNIVERSE Galaxy - any of the systems of stars and interstellar matter that make up the universe TYPES OF GALAXIES 1. Spiral Galaxy 2. Elliptical Galaxy 3. Irregular Galaxy Source: https://hubblesite.org/science/galaxies  True or False EARTH IS THE ONLY PLANET NOT NAMED AFTER A GOD.  True or False JUPITER, THE BIGGEST PLANET IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM, IS THE DENSEST AMONG ALL THE PLANETS.  True or False SATURN HAS THE MOST MOONS AMONG ALL THE PLANETS IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. Facts About the Earth The planet is recycled There’s uneven gravity Coral reefs are the largest living structures There was once a supercontinent Trees are breathing giants  Gas giants terrestrial planets TERRESTRIAL PLANETS (4 inner planets) GAS GIANTS How old is our Solar System? approximately 9 billion years after the formation of the universe, or 4.6 billion years before the present HOW WAS OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED?  Solar Nebula Theory Modern Laplacian Theory Modern accepted theory of the Origin of the Solar System A combination of the work of different scientists in order to explain solar formation, planetary formation, and planetary orbits. Answered the original Laplacian Model’s angular momentum problem by introducing drag created by dust particles in the protoplanetary disk. Supported by the discovery of apparently young stars that were surrounded by disks of cool dust Further supported by the observation of excess infrared radiation in many stars that indicate the presence of disks of cooler material orbiting around those stars. What Is a Nebula? (2019, June 28). Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/nebula/en/  Solar Nebula Theory Modern Laplacian Theory Nebular Collapse 1. Temperatures continued to increase 2. The solar nebula spun faster and faster 3. The solar nebula disk flattened Orderly motions of the solar system direct result of the solar system’s beginnings in a spinning, flattened cloud of gas and dust What Is a Nebula? (2019, June 28). Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/nebula/en/  Williams, M. (2016, July 19). How Was the Solar System Formed? - The Nebular Hypothesis. Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://www.universetoday.com/38118/how-was-the-solar-system-formed/ FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1. A gravitational collapse occurs at the center of the cloud. 2. From this collapse, pockets of dust and gas began to collect into denser regions. 3. As the denser regions pulled in more and more matter, conservation of momentum caused it to begin rotating, while increasing pressure caused it to heat up. 4. Most of the material ended up in a ball at the center while the rest of the matter flattened out into disk that circled around it.  Williams, M. (2016, July 19). How Was the Solar System Formed? - The Nebular Hypothesis. Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://www.universetoday.com/38118/how-was-the-solar-system-formed/ FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM While the ball at the center formed the Sun, the rest of the material would form into the protoplanetary disc or accretion disk. The planets formed by accretion from this disc, in which dust and gas gravitated together and coalesced to form ever larger bodies. Questions?  Additional reference links https://www.britannica.com/science/star-astronomy https://www.coursehero.com/study-guides/atd-fscj-introastronomy/basic- objects-in-the-universe/ https://www.britannica.com/science/galaxy https://www.livescience.com/19102-amazing-facts-earth/5.html THANK YOU! Supplementary Activity - Cengage PBT1 Consultation Next Meeting Reminder: Make it a habit to read ☺ https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp- content/uploads/sites/326/2022/08/50489833002_107cb9e661_o_0-1024x796.jpg