Module 1 - The Universe and Beyond (PDF)

1 THE BEGINNING OF LESSON THE UNIVERSE THE MYSTERY AND BEYOND Prepared by: Ms. Shahibah C. Macatanong At the end of this module, students are expected to: a. Describe the structure and composition of the uni...

1 THE BEGINNING OF LESSON THE UNIVERSE THE MYSTERY AND BEYOND Prepared by: Ms. Shahibah C. Macatanong At the end of this module, students are expected to: a. Describe the structure and composition of the universe b. Discuss the redshift and how it is used as proof of an expanding universe c. state the different hypotheses that preceeded the big bang theory d. describe the big bang theory FEW NON- SCIENTIFIC 1 Ancient Egypt THOUGHTS REGARDING THE 2 The Kuba BEGINNING OF THE 1 people of UNIVERSE Central Africa 3 India 4 Philippines ANCIENT EGYPT Ptah creator-god patron of craftsmen & sculptors they believed he created the universe by manifesting his imagined realities into words KUBA PEOPLE OF CENTRAL AFRICA Mbob pallid god (giant god) create the universe out o spontaneity due to feeling nauseous , he vomit out the sun, stars and moons the Sun evaporated some water , forming the clouds and the land INDIA HINDUS believed that: BRAHMA- created the universe out of his own image VISHNU- the preserver of all things. SHIVA- believed to have destroyed the universe to recreate it. Philippines Manguayan – Sea God Lidagat – sea goddess Kaptan - sky god Lihangin- the wind god Hypotheses on the Beginning of the Universe  Alexander Alexandrovich Oscillating Friedman (1898-1925) presents a combination of Theory the big bang and the big crunch as part of the (cyclic theory) indefinite cyclical event self-sustained This theory states that the universe begun with a big bang event and went through a series of stages of expansion and inflation, eventually back to the big  Proposed by Si Hermann Bondi & Thomas Gold and Astrophysicist Sir Fred Hoyle STEADY COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE - STATE states that the galaxies and stars may change bt the THEORY universe was uniform in space and unchanging in time. violates the Law of Conservation of Matter  BIG BANG THEORY George Lemaitre (1920)- Belgian priest He theorized that the universe began from a single primordial atom 13.8 billion years ago, the universe went through a huge explosion followed by a great expansion and cooling rise of the building blocks of matter- What elements are the most abundant in the universe? HYDROGEN AND HELIUM Image Credit: NASA/David Cantillo Click on the next video to watch a Solar Eclipse animation -- no safety gear needed!  PIECES OF EVIDENCE THAT SUPPORT THE BIG BANG THEORY. Other mentions & sightings: EDWIN HUBBLE - American astronomer discovered the redshifts of galaxies He concluded that the discovery explains that the galaxies are moving far away from Earth. Spectroscope - used to split light from the space into spectrum HUBBLE’S LAW Cosmic Background Radiation Other mentions Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson & sightings: accidentally detected a disturbance while studying the sky’s microwave “noise”.  Other ROBERT DICKE mentions american astronomer and physicist & sightings: independently thought of the CBR and correctly interpreted it as radiation about three Kelvin. He theorized the observation as remnants of the big bang. recieved Nobel Prize when signals are converted to images. Composition of Universe universe cmprises of all matter and energy composed of 4.6% baryonic matter (consist of protons and neutrons)  constitues of 24% of DARK the universe non-baryonic matter MATTER? does not emit light, so it detected merely through its gravitational effects. HOW ABOUT THE 71.4% OF THE UNIVERSE?  source of anti-gravity not directly observed DARK ENERGY used to explain the observed accelerating expansion of the universe insicating that there is a possible invisible extra energy at work.  In this session, you will... 1 2 3 Understand why Discover the Learn what an eclipse eclipses happen and differences between is and its brief history how often they solar and lunar occur eclipses