Module 1 Questions Part 4 PDF

**Section 1: Platelet Plug Formation and Coagulation** 1. **What is the primary function of clotting factors?**\ a) Transport oxygen to tissues\ b) Facilitate blood flow\ c) Regulate the process of clot formation\ d) Prevent clot formation\ e) Convert fibrin into fibrinogen\...

**Section 1: Platelet Plug Formation and Coagulation** 1. **What is the primary function of clotting factors?**\ a) Transport oxygen to tissues\ b) Facilitate blood flow\ c) Regulate the process of clot formation\ d) Prevent clot formation\ e) Convert fibrin into fibrinogen\ **Answer: c) Regulate the process of clot formation** 2. **Which protein forms the network in a blood clot?**\ a) Albumin\ b) Hemoglobin\ c) Fibrin\ d) Globulin\ e) Collagen\ **Answer: c) Fibrin** 3. **Which vitamin is essential for clotting factor production?**\ a) Vitamin A\ b) Vitamin C\ c) Vitamin D\ d) Vitamin E\ e) Vitamin K\ **Answer: e) Vitamin K** 4. **The extrinsic clotting pathway begins with\...**\ a) Exposure of blood to collagen\ b) Release of tissue factor (TF) from damaged tissues\ c) Activation of factor IX\ d) Activation of plasminogen\ e) Platelet adhesion to fibrinogen\ **Answer: b) Release of tissue factor (TF) from damaged tissues** 5. **What enzyme converts fibrinogen into fibrin?**\ a) Plasmin\ b) Thrombin\ c) Prothrombinase\ d) Antithrombin\ e) Factor XIII\ **Answer: b) Thrombin** 6. **The intrinsic clotting pathway is initiated by\...**\ a) Damage to tissues outside the blood vessel\ b) Activation of factor XII upon contact with exposed collagen\ c) Platelet aggregation\ d) Release of thrombin from platelets\ e) Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin\ **Answer: b) Activation of factor XII upon contact with exposed collagen** **Section 2: Clot Retraction and Dissolution** 7. **What process dissolves a blood clot?**\ a) Hemostasis\ b) Fibrinolysis\ c) Coagulation\ d) Platelet aggregation\ e) Thrombosis\ **Answer: b) Fibrinolysis** 8. **Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fibrin in clots?**\ a) Thrombin\ b) Antithrombin\ c) Plasmin\ d) Heparin\ e) Prothrombinase\ **Answer: c) Plasmin** 9. **What is the role of anticoagulants like heparin?**\ a) Stimulate platelet aggregation\ b) Prevent blood clot formation\ c) Activate clotting factors\ d) Convert fibrinogen to fibrin\ e) Dissolve existing clots\ **Answer: b) Prevent blood clot formation** 10. **Which anticoagulant is produced by basophils?**\ a) Thrombin\ b) Plasmin\ c) Heparin\ d) Antithrombin\ e) Prostacyclin\ **Answer: c) Heparin** **Section 3: Blood Groups and Rh Factor** 11. **What determines a person's ABO blood type?**\ a) The number of platelets in blood\ b) The presence of antigens on red blood cells\ c) The plasma protein composition\ d) The amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells\ e) The number of leukocytes\ **Answer: b) The presence of antigens on red blood cells** 12. **Type A blood contains which plasma antibodies?**\ a) Anti-A\ b) Anti-B\ c) Both anti-A and anti-B\ d) Neither anti-A nor anti-B\ e) Anti-Rh\ **Answer: b) Anti-B** 13. **What occurs in an agglutination reaction?**\ a) Red blood cells rupture\ b) Red blood cells clump together\ c) Hemoglobin is released into plasma\ d) Antibodies are destroyed\ e) Platelets aggregate\ **Answer: b) Red blood cells clump together** 14. **What does the Rh-positive blood type indicate?**\ a) Presence of Rh antigens on red blood cells\ b) Absence of Rh antigens on red blood cells\ c) Presence of anti-Rh antibodies in plasma\ d) Absence of anti-Rh antibodies in plasma\ e) Increased clotting factor levels\ **Answer: a) Presence of Rh antigens on red blood cells** 15. **Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when\...**\ a) A Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus\ b) A Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus\ c) Type O blood is transfused into a Type AB individual\ d) The mother and fetus have different ABO blood types\ e) The fetus produces anti-Rh antibodies\ **Answer: a) A Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus** **Section 4: Diagnostic Blood Tests** 16. **Which test measures the percentage of red blood cells in blood?**\ a) Hemoglobin measurement\ b) White blood cell count\ c) Hematocrit\ d) Platelet count\ e) Prothrombin time\ **Answer: c) Hematocrit** 17. **What is the normal hemoglobin range for males?**\ a) 10--12 g/100 mL\ b) 12--14 g/100 mL\ c) 14--18 g/100 mL\ d) 18--22 g/100 mL\ e) 22--26 g/100 mL\ **Answer: c) 14--18 g/100 mL** 18. **What does a differential white blood cell count measure?**\ a) Total red blood cell number\ b) The types and percentages of white blood cells\ c) The concentration of hemoglobin\ d) Platelet adhesion levels\ e) Prothrombin activity\ **Answer: b) The types and percentages of white blood cells** 19. **Which white blood cell is most abundant in a differential count?**\ a) Lymphocytes\ b) Monocytes\ c) Eosinophils\ d) Neutrophils\ e) Basophils\ **Answer: d) Neutrophils** 20. **What does the prothrombin time test measure?**\ a) The percentage of hemoglobin in red blood cells\ b) The rate of red blood cell destruction\ c) The time it takes for blood to clot\ d) The oxygen-carrying capacity of blood\ e) The ability of white blood cells to fight infection\ **Answer: c) The time it takes for blood to clot** **Section 5: Hemostasis** 21. **What is the first step of hemostasis?**\ a) Platelet plug formation\ b) Clot retraction\ c) Vascular spasm\ d) Coagulation\ e) Fibrinolysis\ **Answer: c) Vascular spasm** 22. **Platelet plugs form by platelets adhering to\...**\ a) Fibrinogen in plasma\ b) Collagen in damaged blood vessels\ c) Hemoglobin in red blood cells\ d) Basophils in the blood\ e) Plasma proteins\ **Answer: b) Collagen in damaged blood vessels** 23. **What triggers the extrinsic clotting pathway?**\ a) Release of tissue factor (TF) from damaged tissues\ b) Platelet aggregation in the bloodstream\ c) Activation of factor XII by exposed collagen\ d) Formation of fibrin meshwork\ e) Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin\ **Answer: a) Release of tissue factor (TF) from damaged tissues** 24. **What prevents blood clots from forming throughout the body?**\ a) High fibrinogen levels\ b) Anticoagulants like antithrombin and heparin\ c) Platelet activation inhibitors\ d) Prothrombin activation inhibitors\ e) Increased vitamin K levels\ **Answer: b) Anticoagulants like antithrombin and heparin** 25. **What is the role of thrombin in the clotting process?**\ a) Converts fibrin into fibrinogen\ b) Activates fibrinogen into fibrin\ c) Activates platelets to form plugs\ d) Inhibits plasminogen activation\ e) Converts factor X to prothrombinase\ **Answer: b) Activates fibrinogen into fibrin** 26. **What stabilizes the fibrin clot during the final stage of coagulation?**\ a) Platelets\ b) Thrombin\ c) Factor XIII\ d) Vitamin K\ e) Prothrombin\ **Answer: c) Factor XIII** 27. **What is the process by which serum is squeezed out of the clot to condense it?**\ a) Coagulation\ b) Clot retraction\ c) Fibrinolysis\ d) Platelet aggregation\ e) Hemolysis\ **Answer: b) Clot retraction** 28. **What happens to plasminogen during fibrinolysis?**\ a) It forms fibrin\ b) It is activated to plasmin\ c) It promotes platelet aggregation\ d) It inhibits thrombin production\ e) It stabilizes the clot\ **Answer: b) It is activated to plasmin** **Section 6: Blood Groups and Rh Factor** 29. **Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cells?**\ a) Type A\ b) Type B\ c) Type AB\ d) Type O\ e) Rh-positive\ **Answer: d) Type O** 30. **Which blood type has no antibodies in the plasma?**\ a) Type A\ b) Type B\ c) Type AB\ d) Type O\ e) Rh-negative\ **Answer: c) Type AB** 31. **What happens if a person with Type A blood receives Type B blood?**\ a) Agglutination occurs\ b) Platelet count increases\ c) Oxygen transport improves\ d) Blood flow increases\ e) Hemoglobin levels drop immediately\ **Answer: a) Agglutination occurs** 32. **What is the main risk for an Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive fetus?**\ a) Increased clot formation\ b) Hemolytic disease of the newborn\ c) Fetal growth abnormalities\ d) Maternal hemoglobin breakdown\ e) Antibody suppression\ **Answer: b) Hemolytic disease of the newborn** 33. **How does RhoGAM prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn?**\ a) Neutralizes Rh antigens in the fetus\ b) Stimulates maternal antibody production\ c) Blocks maternal immune response to fetal Rh antigens\ d) Increases maternal red blood cell count\ e) Enhances fetal oxygenation\ **Answer: c) Blocks maternal immune response to fetal Rh antigens** **Section 7: Diagnostic Blood Tests** 34. **Which test determines ABO and Rh blood types?**\ a) Complete blood count\ b) Prothrombin time test\ c) Hematocrit measurement\ d) Blood typing\ e) Differential white blood cell count\ **Answer: d) Blood typing** 35. **What is measured in a platelet count test?**\ a) Total hemoglobin in the blood\ b) Number of red blood cells per microliter\ c) Number of platelets per microliter\ d) Percentage of plasma in blood\ e) Fibrinogen levels in plasma\ **Answer: c) Number of platelets per microliter** 36. **What is the normal range for a white blood cell count?**\ a) 2,000--4,000/microliter\ b) 5,000--10,000/microliter\ c) 15,000--20,000/microliter\ d) 25,000--30,000/microliter\ e) 40,000--50,000/microliter\ **Answer: b) 5,000--10,000/microliter** 37. **What does a hematocrit measurement reflect?**\ a) Total plasma protein levels\ b) Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin\ c) Percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells\ d) Clotting time in seconds\ e) Platelet adhesion capacity\ **Answer: c) Percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells** **Section 8: Hemoglobin and Gas Transport** 38. **What is the primary function of hemoglobin?**\ a) Regulate blood clotting\ b) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide\ c) Maintain plasma protein balance\ d) Activate immune responses\ e) Break down fibrin clots\ **Answer: b) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide** 39. **What type of hemoglobin binds to carbon dioxide for transport?**\ a) Oxyhemoglobin\ b) Carbaminohemoglobin\ c) Deoxyhemoglobin\ d) Methemoglobin\ e) Hematin\ **Answer: b) Carbaminohemoglobin** 40. **What increases iron absorption for hemoglobin production?**\ a) Vitamin A\ b) Vitamin B12\ c) Vitamin C and stomach acid\ d) Vitamin D and calcium\ e) Vitamin K and phosphorus\ **Answer: c) Vitamin C and stomach acid**