The Contemporary World Module 1 PDF

THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD PREPARED BY: JOSEPH G. GAYATIN, MAED, LPT  COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME Define the meaning of globalization and differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization. Identify the underlying philosophies and theories of the varying definitions of globalization. Apply the...

THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD PREPARED BY: JOSEPH G. GAYATIN, MAED, LPT  COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME Define the meaning of globalization and differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization. Identify the underlying philosophies and theories of the varying definitions of globalization. Apply the actual concept of globalization in the different aspects of day to day life. TARGETED TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME At the end of the module students be able to: Explain the meaning and concept of globalization. Identify the different theories related to globalization Analyze the concept of globalization through conceptual metaphors; and Apply the concepts of globalization in daily life. Defining Globalization The mass media allow connections among people, communities, and countries all over the globe. globalizatio The process of n world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving closer (Thomas, Larsson, 2001)  colonizatio globalization n Martin Khor, Pres. Of Third World Network  “Globalization is a transplanetary process or a set of process involving increasing liquidity and the growing multidirectional flows of people, objects, and information as well as the structures they encounter and create that are barriers to, or expedite those flows…” (Ritzer, 2015) Difficulty in defining globalization Shifting nature Complex GLOBALIZA and TION multifacet ed Wide- range  Classifications of the definition of globalization:  broad and inclusive - “globalization means the onset of a borderless world” (Ohmae, 1992)  narrow and exclusive -”include the internationalizing of production, the new international division of labor” (Robert Cox, 2000) Globalization: A Working Definition The expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across world-space. (Manfred Steger)  Refers to both the Expansio creation of new social n networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries. Intensificatio n Refers to the expansion, stretching, and acceleration of global networks.  Why spend time studying the concept of globalization? 1. The perspective of the person who defines globalization shapes its definition.  Why spend time studying the concept of globalization? 2. Its reaches are wide and constantly shifting.  Why spend time studying the concept of globalization? 3. Globalization is a reality. Metaphors of Globalizati on SOLID AND LIQUID, STRUCTURES AND FLOWS  Solidity Man-made Barriers that prevent Natural (Great Wall or make of China, (landforms difficult the North and and bodies movement South of water) of things Korean border)  Liquidity Change Increasing quickly and ease of their Movement movement aspects are is difficult of people, in to stop things, and continuous information fluctuation  The metaphor that could best describe globalization is liquidity. flows The movement of people, things, places, and information brought by the growing “porosity” of global limitations. GLOBALIZATI ON THEORIES Homogenei The increasing sameness ty in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government. McDonaldization the process by which Western societies are dominated by the principles of fast food restaurants involving the global spread of rational systems Grobalizati on Process wherein nations and corporations impose themselves on geographic areas in order to gain profits, and power. Heterogen Pertains to the creation eity of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world. Glocalizatio n The interpenetration of the global and local resulting in unique outcomes in different geographic areas (Giulianotti and Robertson, 1997).  World System Theory -CORE: rich & developed states -PERIPHERY: poor & dependent states -SEMI-PERIPHERY: the ‘in-between; semi-industrialised states Pic. Source: http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/ Disparities+and+change Theory of the Global System The model involves TNPs at three levels: -the economic, whose agent is transnational capital; -the political, whose agent is a transnational capitalist class (TCC); -the cultural-ideological, whose agent is  Network Society -”technologistic” approach to globalization or ”Age of information” or “informationalism” -digital connectivity and empowerment of the internet and the World Wide Web -Generation Z or Gen Z (also known as iGeneration or iGen and Post-Millennials LIBERALISMS -Welfare and freedom POLITICAL REALISMS -Power -Importance of sovereign states (balance of power, dominant state at a particular moment; consequent interests) -Stressing the uneven nature of globalization MARXISMS -Class relations/conflict -Production, distribution, (social class) emancipation -Excessive emphasis on class (conflict) CONSTRUCTIVISMS - Transplanetary connectivity due to the importance of symbols, language, interpretation, etc. in constructing the social world Postmodernisms -emphasize relativity or Subjectivism and individuality -critique include universalist notions of objective reality, morality and truth Feminisms -Subordination/marginalization of women -feminization of poverty -According to study (Rios, 2015) women are poorer than men in every state, regardless of education or geographic location. Eclecticism -does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories Origins and History of Globalization - Started when our ancestors walked out from their place to make lives better - Through trade, missionary work, adventures, and conquest (Chanda,2007) Globalization of Religion -Most significant event is the personal decision of the Roman Emperor Constantine to favour Christianity - The spread of Islam expanded rapidly after the death of Muhammad through military conquests and trade European Colonial Conquests The European colonial period was the era from the 15th century to 1914 when countries such as Spain, Portugal, Britain, Russia, Sweden, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and Belgium established colonies outside  Colonialism generally involves settlers as well as much more formal mechanisms of political control than those of imperialism. It often entails the creation by the colonial power in the country that has been colonized of an administrative apparatus to run its internal affairs, including its settlements. Pic. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Flag_map_of_Colonial_Africa_(1945).png European Imperialism -state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion or by gaining political and economic control of other areas.  The Emergence of the United States as the global power -American Century' to describe American dominance throughout the 20th century. The Emergence of Mutinational Corporations or worldwide enterprise -a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country. May God bless