Lecture 1.1 Introduction To Globalization PDF

Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas LECTURE 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION INSTRUCTRESS : JIEZEL MAALA, LCB GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, I...

Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas LECTURE 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION INSTRUCTRESS : JIEZEL MAALA, LCB GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Globalization Concepts, Meanings, Features, and Dimensions Globalization is the process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout the world, spurring more interaction and integration between the world's cultures, governments and economies. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well- being in societies around the world. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Globalization is about growing worldwide connectivity. One principal driver of globalization is technology. Economic life is dramatically transformed by advancement in information technology. All sorts of individual economic actors like consumers, investors, and businesses which are valuable new tools for identifying and pursuing economic opportunities, including faster and more informed analyses of economic trends around the world, easy transfers of assets, and collaboration with far-flung partners are provided by information technologies. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), globalization is the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows and also through the more rapid and wide diffusion of technology. Globalization is an expansion, and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world time and world space. It is about growing worldwide connectivity according to Steger. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Further, globalization is considered a multi- dimensional process involving economic, political, technological, cultural, religious and ecological dimensions. It suggests a dynamic process of change that results in either positive or negative development. It leads to the creation of something new; it involves the multiplication of social connections and various activities that transgress traditional and political, economic, cultural and geographical lines. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Globalization has four characteristics or qualities. These are: 1. It involves both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional, political, economic, cultural, and geographical boundaries. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 2. Globalization is reflected in the expansion and the stretching of social relations, activities, and connections. 3. Globalization involves the intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 4. Globalization processes do not occur merely or an objective, material level but they also involve the subjective plane of human consciousness. Without erasing local and national attachments, the compression of the world into a single place has increasingly made global the frame of reference for human thought and action. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 1. The Prehistoric Period (10000 BCE-3500 BCE) In this earliest phase of globalization, contacts among hunters and gatherers–who were spread around the world – were geographically limited. In this period due to absence of advanced forms of technology, globalization was severely limited. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 2. The Pre-modern Period (3500 BCE- 1500 CE) In this period the invention of writing and the wheel were great social and technological boosts that moved globalization to a new level. The invention of wheel in addition to roads made the transportation of people and goods more efficient. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas On the other hand writing facilitated the spread of ideas and inventions. 3. The Early Modern Period (1500-1750) It is the period between the Enlightenment and the Renaissance. In this period, European Enlightenment project tried to achieve a universal form of morality and law. This with the emergence of European metropolitan centers and unlimited material accumulation which led to the capitalist world system helped to strengthen globalization. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 4. The Modern Period (1750-1970) Innovations in transportation and communication technology, population explosion, and increase in migration led to more cultural exchanges and transformation in traditional social patterns. Process of industrialization also accelerated. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 5. The Contemporary Period (from 1970 to present) The creation, expansion, and acceleration of worldwide interdependencies occurred in a dramatic way and it was a kind of leap in the history of globalization GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Globalization means -establishment “global village” (media, facebook has connected the world) -“shrinking world” (breaking boundaries) - cultural imperialism (Better Culture) -borderless world -adoption of other cultures (KPOP) GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 1. Globalization occurs worldwide 2.Intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities 3. Expansion and stretching of social relations 4. Various forms of connectivity GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas A. Globalization occurs worldwide (Every person is a global citizen because he or she thinks about the issues of the world) - Think about the world - Associate ourselves with global trends - Sense of responsibility GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas B. Globalization Intensification & acceleration of social exchanges and activities - Door-to-door mail delivery to FB messages - IG, Snapchat, Twitter- Live - TV telecast -Travel capacities brought about by low airfares GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas C. Globalization Expansion & stretching of social relations -Regional and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Humanitarian Institution -Government associations -multinational companies GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas D. Globalization has Various forms of connectivity They are diverse (economic, political, c ultural, etc.) GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Appadurai (1996) five dimensions of global cultural flow. 1. Ethnoscape- global movement of people 2. Mediascape- flow of culture 3.Technoscape circulation of mechanical goods and software 4. Finacescape- global circulation of money 5. Ideoscape- realm of political ideas GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas There are six dimensions in globalization. These include: economic, political, technological, cultural, religious and ecological dimensions. 1. Economic Dimension This refers to the extensive development of economic relations across the globe as a result of technology and the enormous flow of capital that has stimulated trade in both sources and goods. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Major players in the current century’s global economic order: 1. Huge international corporations (General Motors, Walmart, Mitsubishi) 2. International Economic Institutions (IMF, World Bank, The World Trade Organization) 3. Trading Systems 4. The result of these powerful forces resulted in the wide gap between the rich and the poor countries. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Major players in the current century’s global economic order: Economic institutions have decisive influence on investment in physical and human capital, technology, and industrial productions. It is also important for resource distribution. 2. Political Dimension This refers to an enlargement and strengthening of political interrelations across the globe. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Political Issues that Surface in this Dimension 1. The principle of state sovereignty 2. Increasing impact of various intergovernmental organization 3. Future shapes of regional and global governance GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 3. Cultural Dimension This refers to the increase in the amount of cultural flows across the globe. Cultural interconnections are at the foundations of contemporary globalization. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Individualism and consumerism which are the dominant cultural characteristics of our age and the drive for economic success stimulated by the internet and other technological devices circulate much more easily than they did in earlier periods. In the dissemination of popular culture, transactional media corporations play a major role which brought a sharp rise in homogenized popular culture that is manifested in the dominance of fast food restaurant on more aspects of life throughout the world. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Cultural diversity often results hybridization- a constructive interaction process between global and local characteristics which is often visible in food, music, dance, film, fashion, and language. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas As a result there is a scarcely any society in the world that expresses itself in its own self-contained and authentic culture. Media empires generated and directed the extensive flow of culture. Examples of these are Yahoo, Google, Microsoft, and Disney. Advertisement plays an important role in this cultural flow by featuring various celebrities in the television aside from transforming newscast into entertainment shows. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 4. Religious Dimension Religion is a personal or institutionalized set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices relating to or manifesting faithful devotion to an acknowledged ultimate reality or deity. It is the most important defining element of any civilization as contrasted with race, language, or way of life. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 4. Religious Dimension As such, it is also portrayed as a defining element in future conflicts. Whether the root cause of a particular conflict or merely a vehicle for the mobilization of nationalist or ethnic passions, religion is certainly central to much of the strife currently taking place around the globe. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Roman Catholic Teaching of Globalization There are eight (8) principles that summarize the Roman Catholic Teachings(15). 1. Commitment to universal human rights 2. Commitment to the social nature of the human person 3. Commitment to the common good GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Roman Catholic Teaching of Globalization There are eight (8) principles that summarize the Roman Catholic Teachings(15). 4. Solidarity (The principle of Solidarity affirms that membership in thehumanfamily means that all bear responsibility for one another.) GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Roman Catholic Teaching of Globalization There are eight (8) principles that summarize the Roman Catholic Teachings(15). 5. Preferential option of the poor (In the Theology of the Incarnation- Christ God became poor for us so as to enrich us by his poverty. The poor are susceptible to the effects of environmental irresponsibility because they live in countries where cheap building materials and cheap labor are readily available. They regularly work in farming, fishing, and forestry, areas which suffer environmental damage). GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Roman Catholic Teaching of Globalization There are eight (8) principles that summarize the Roman Catholic Teachings(15). 6. Subsidiary (The Catholic Church teaches that decisions should be made at the lowest level in order to achieve the common good. 7. Justice 8. Integral Humanism- is concerned with whole person GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Justice is divided in three (3) categories: 1. Commutative justice - this aims at fulfilling the terms of contracts and other promises on both personal and social level. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Justice is divided in three (3) categories: 2. Distributive justice - This ensures a basic equity in how both the burden and the goods of society are distributed and that ensures that every person enjoys a basically equal moral and legal standing apart from differences in wealth, privilege, talent and achievements GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Justice is divided in three (3) categories: 3. Social justice - this refers to the creation of the conditions in which the first two categories of justice can be realized and the common good identified and defended. According to catholic teaching, a just society is one which these forms of justice are assured because they are required by human dignity. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 5. Ideological Dimensions Ideology is a system of widely shared ideas, beliefs, norms and values among a group of people. It is often used to legitimize certain political interests or to defend dominant power structures. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 5. Ideological Dimensions Ideology connects human actions with some generalized claims. Globalization is a social process of intensifying global interdependence while globalism is an ideology that gives the concept of neo-liberal values and meanings to globalization. GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Globalization means -fast speed of trade (importing and exporting are done in just a millisecond through technology) -global economic organizations International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB),World Trade Organization (WTO). International Labor Organization (ILO), ASEAN, etc.- multinational and; GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Globalization means -transnational corporations- free trade (governments not to restrict the importation of products and the exportation of local products GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Thank you!!! GE 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD