Industrial Engineering Definition and History Module 1 PDF

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION Module 1 Agenda Introduction Course Policies Industrial Engineering and Brief History of the Profession Objectives At the end of the session, the students are expected to: define Industrial Engineering be familiar with the key ev...

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION Module 1 Agenda Introduction Course Policies Industrial Engineering and Brief History of the Profession Objectives At the end of the session, the students are expected to: define Industrial Engineering be familiar with the key events and key people in the development of the field Introductory Videos on Industrial Engineering What is Industrial Engineering? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ww9hDlwjeF4 What is Industrial Engineering? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5twpa1xmlJ0 What is Industrial Engineering by PIIE NSC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIFXfZcBZmE Note: The videos are supplementary. Offline students may not need to watch the videos listed. Industrial Engineering Definition from Industrial Engineering Institute Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design, to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. ("About IISE", n.d.) Industrial Engineering Other definitions Industrial engineering is the branch of engineering that involves figuring out how to make or do things better. An Industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other things, including bridges, roads, vehicles, and buildings. Industrial Engineering Other definitions Engineering is basically designing, building, and maintaining a system. Mechanical Engineering: mechanical systems Computer Engineering: computing systems (note: look for definition of computing) Civil Engineering: Physical structures for civilians Industrial Engineering: ??? Industrial & Systems Engineering Allied and Integrated Fields Source: Rochester Institute of Technology Industrial Engineering Education an Industrial and Systems Engineering education offers the best of both worlds: an education in both engineering and business. Source: iMechE.org What Industrial Engineers Do Industrial and systems engineering is about CHOICES. Industrial engineers work to ELIMINATE WASTE of time, money, materials, person-hours, machine time, energy and other resources that do not generate value IE’s reduce production costs, increasing efficiency, improving the quality of products and services, ensuring worker health and safety, protecting the environment and complying with government regulations. What Industrial Engineers Do (cont’d) Other engineering disciplines apply skills to very specific areas. IE gives practitioners the opportunity to work in a variety of businesses. The most distinctive aspect of industrial and systems engineering is the flexibility it offers. Whether it's shortening a rollercoaster line, streamlining an operating room in the hospital, distributing products worldwide, or manufacturing superior automobiles, these challenges share the common goal of saving companies money and increasing efficiencies. What Industrial Engineers Do SCOPE The degree of industrial engineering is evidenced by the wide range of such activities as research in biotechnology, development of new concepts of information processing, design of automated factories, and operation of incentive wage plans. What Industrial Engineers Do DIVERSITY Industrial engineering is a diverse (various) discipline concerned with the design, improvement, installation, and management of integrated systems of people, materials, and equipment for all kinds of manufacturing and service operations. Industrial engineering is concerned with performance measures and standards, research of new products and product applications, ways to improve use of scarce (limited) resources and many other problem solving adventures. What Industrial Engineers Do DIVERSITY (cont’d) An Industrial Engineer may be employed in almost any type of industry, business or institution, from retail establishments to manufacturing plants to government offices to hospitals. Because their skills can be used in almost any type of organization, and also industrial engineers are usually distributed among industries than other engineers. For example, industrial engineers work in insurance companies, banks, hospitals, retail organizations, airlines, government agencies, consulting firms, transportation, construction, public utilities, social service, electronics, personnel, sales, facilities design, manufacturing, processing, and warehousing. What Industrial Engineers Do EFFICIENCY Industrial engineers determine the most effective ways for an organization to use the basic factors of production - people, machines, materials, and energy. They are more concerned with people and methods of business organization than engineers in other specialties. To solve organizational, production, and related problems most efficiently, industrial engineers design data processing systems and apply mathematical analysis such as operations research. What Industrial Engineers Do EFFICIENCY (cont’d) They also develop management control systems to help in financial planning and cost analysis, design production planning and control systems to coordinate activities and control product quality, and design or improve systems for the physical distribution of goods and services. Industrial engineers conduct surveys to find plant locations with the best combination of raw materials, and transportation. They also develop wage and salary administration systems and job evaluation programs. What Industrial Engineers Do ACTIVITIES Install data processing, management information, wage incentive systems. Develop performance standards, job evaluation, and wage and salary programs. Research new products and product applications. Improve productivity through application of technology and human factors. Select operating processes and methods to do a task with proper tools and equipment Design facilities, management systems, operating procedures Improve planning and allocation of limited resources What Industrial Engineers Do ACTIVITIES Enhance plant environment and quality of people's working life Evaluate reliability and quality performance Implement office systems, procedures, and policies Analyze complex business problems by operations research Conduct organization studies, plant location surveys, and system effectiveness studies Study potential markets for goods and services, raw material sources, labor supply, energy resources, financing, and taxes. What Industrial Engineers Do CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS Industrial engineers are the “problem solvers” in all organizations. Career opportunities for industrial engineering are limitless. A sample list of career opportunities for industrial engineers include: Manufacturing: regardless of the product manufactured, every manufacturing company needs Industrial Engineers to plan the facility, perform economic analyses, plan and control production, manage people, handle safety issues, improve quality, evaluate performance, etc. Health Services: hospitals and clinics need Industrial Engineers to perform cost/benefit analyses, schedule workload, manage people, evaluate safety concerns, design and maintain facilities, etc. What Industrial Engineers Do CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS Transportation: airlines, ground transportation, trucking, and warehousing companies need Industrial Engineers to design the best schedules and routes, perform economic analyses, manage crews, etc. Financial: banks and other savings and lending institutions need Industrial Engineers to design financial plans, perform economic analyses, etc. Government: local and federal governments need Industrial Engineers to design and enforce safety systems, environmental policies, plan for and operate in a number of organizations. Consulting: Industrial Engineers may work as consultants to help design and analyze a variety of systems including information systems, manufacturing and service systems. Preliminary Data Top industries where UPLB IE graduates work Warehousing, logistics and 1. Manufacturing, distribution 43% Info / Communication Construction, real estate 2. and 16% holdings 3. Construction, IT & 5% Telecommunications Semiconductor 4. Real Estate, 5% manufacturing Accommodation / Food, Food, beverage, consumer 5. goods 5% Based on UPLB IE graduate tracer 6. Financial, 5% Automotive studies for graduates 2012 – 2015. Preliminary Data Tasks and Responsibilities of UPLB IE Graduates 1. Planning, Process 33 % Improvement Logistics-related work, 2. Planning and organization 29% Process Logistics Improvement, or supply chain 3. management 28% 4. System DataAnalysis, processing27 % 5. DataSystem Processing, 27 % analysis Project Management, 23 Based on UPLB IE graduate tracer 6. Management % studies for graduates 2012 – 2015.  1440 Venetian Milestones in 1568 Jacques Besson, ships were reconditioned Industrial Engineering illustrated book on iron machinery instead of wood on Pre-1800s an assembly line 1700’s Flying shuttle, Spinning Jenny, mechanized mill for cotton, cotton gin, power loom for mass 1776 James production of textile Watt, steam engine 1622 William 1776 Adam Smith, Oughtred, slide Division of Labor in rule Wealth of Nations 1798 Eli Whitney’s muskets with interchangeable parts Milestones in 1800’s onwards, UK Factory 1829 Charles Babbage Acts starting with Health and designed the analytic Industrial Morals of Apprentice Act of 1802 engine Engineerin 1831 Charles Babbage’s On the g 1856 Henry Bessemer’s Economy of Machines and Manufacturers (machines + 1800s converter for cheap steel production factory management + government role) 1888 Nikola Tesla invented AC induction 1881 Frederick motor, enabling electricity to take over Taylor introduced steam Time Study in Midvale Steel Company 1886 Henry Towne presented The Engineer as Economist 1886 Charles Hall, Paul Herault independently invented cheap way of making aluminum Milestones in Industrial 1892 Frank Gilbreth completed a motion study of bricklaying 1893 Taylor presented A Piece-Rate System to ASME Engineering Late 1800s, 1899 Carl Barth invented a slide rule for Early 1900s calculating metal 1903 Henry Gantt cutting speed developed Gantt Chart 1904 Harrington Emerson executed Sta Fe Railroad betterment work 1911 Taylor published The Principles of Scientific Management 1908 First IE university course in Pennsylvania State College (Penn State)  1921 Gilbreths presented Milestones in 1915 Start of the Time Study process analysis symbols to Industrial Ban on all government contracts ASME Engineering Until 1930’s 1913 Henry Ford’s moving assembly line 1924 onwards, Elton using conveyor Mayo’s Hawthorne belts Studies 1930 Allan Mogensen’s 1912 The Work Simplification Gilbreths presented the concept of 1936 The word therbligs 1931 Walter Shewhart’s automation is first used in Economic Control of the General Motors, with the Quality of Manufactured use of transfer machines to Products carry parts Milestones in Industrial Early 1940s Military Operational Research Engineering during World War II World War II and beyond… 1945 Joseph Quick devised Work Factors Method 1947 George Dantzig developed Simplex for Linear Programming 1948 HB Maynard introduced Methods Time Measurements (MTM) 1980s Six Sigma in Motorola 1960s Shigeo Shingo’s poka- yoke and Single-Minute Exchange of Dies in Toyota Important Persons Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915) 1876: Observed “soldiering” or laziness of workers in Midvale Steel Works 1881: Introduced Time Study in Midvale 1899: Acting as Consulting Engineer in Bethlehem Steel, conducted the Shoveling Experiments (~ 21 lbs is optimal) 1910: served as expert in Eastern Rate Case 1915 – 1948: ban of Time Study for Government Contracts Image Source: www.mtmsolutions.org.br Important Persons Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915) Father of Scientific Management 1911: published Scientific Management: Replace rules-of-thumb with science Scientifically select, train, teach and develop each employee Cooperation with the employees to ensure that the employees follow the scientific approach Division of work and responsibility between the management and the employees Image Source: www.mtmsolutions.org.br Important Persons Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915) With numerous patents related to metal- cutting innovations 1881: A tennis doubles champion in the United States National (eventually the US Open) 1906 – 1907: President of American Society of Mechanical Engineers Image Source: www.mtmsolutions.org.br Important Persons Frank (1868-1924) and Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972) Frank: apprentice in bricklaying works Frank in WWI: assembly and disassembly of arms in the Military Lilian: industrial psychology, fatigue study 1968: introduced the 18 therbligs Motion Study applied to typewriter key layout Inspiration of Cheaper by the Dozen Image Source: www.asme.org Important Persons Frank (1868-1924) and Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972) Image Source: www.asme.org Important Persons Frank (1868-1924) and Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972) Image Source: www.asme.org References About IISE. Retrieved 22 August 2020, from https://www.iise.org/details.aspx?id=282 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING. 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