Earthquakes and Faults Module 1 PDF

QUARTER 2 MODULE 1 Earthquakes and Faults HOW DO MOVEMENTS ALONG FAULTS GENERATE EARTHQUAKES Can you locate the Philippines on the globe? There are two ways by which you can describe the location of a certain place on the globe. One is by determining its latitude and longitude. The other is by ide...

QUARTER 2 MODULE 1 Earthquakes and Faults HOW DO MOVEMENTS ALONG FAULTS GENERATE EARTHQUAKES Can you locate the Philippines on the globe? There are two ways by which you can describe the location of a certain place on the globe. One is by determining its latitude and longitude. The other is by identifying the landmasses and bodies of water in the surrounding area. The same process goes on in an earthquake. Stress in the outer layer of the Earth pushes the sides of the fault together. The grinding over the surface of the fault holds the rocks together so they do not slip promptly when pushed sideways. In the long run, enough pressure develops, and the rocks slip suddenly releasing energy in waves that make a travel through the rocks to cause the shaking that we feel during an earthquake. How Do Movements Along Faults Generate Earthquakes Earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere. The energy will eventually be released once the fault overcomes the friction movement. FAULTS are thin zones of crushed blocks of rocks. These are often in centimeters to thousands of kilometers long. Their surfaces can be vertical or horizontal. These can expand into the earth and might possibly reach out up to the earth's surface. These are also breaking in the Earth's crust where rocks on either side of the crack have slid past each other. THREE KINDS OF FAULTS Strike-slip faults are rocks sliding past one another on a horizontal plane, with little to no vertical movement. Examples to these are the San Andreas Fault and the Anatolian Fault. 1906 SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE: FAST MOVEMENT CAUSES OFFSET Offset: amount of RING OF FIRE: TRENCHES AND ASSOCIATED SUBDUCTION ZONES THAT SURROUND THE PACIFIC OCEAN NORMAL FAULTS are two blocks of crust layer pulling apart, extending the crust into a valley thus, creating a space. A normal fault has the upper side or hanging wall appears to have moved downward with respect to the footwall. REVERSE FAULTS are also known as thrust faults, the slide one block of crust on top of another. These faults are normally found in collision zones where tectonic plates push up mountain ranges, for example, the Himalayas and Rocky Mountains.