Q2 S1 Earthquake and Faults PDF

 Subject content 1. Earthquakes and Faults 2. Understanding Typhoons 3. Other Members of the Solar System  Summary of Summative Assessment Learning Tasks Written Works Performance Tasks WW 2.1: Quiz 1 PETA 2.1: Scinag Beats WW 2.2: Debunking...

 Subject content 1. Earthquakes and Faults 2. Understanding Typhoons 3. Other Members of the Solar System  Summary of Summative Assessment Learning Tasks Written Works Performance Tasks WW 2.1: Quiz 1 PETA 2.1: Scinag Beats WW 2.2: Debunking PETA 2.2: Fault Model Superstitions and Exploring PETA 2.3: Family the Solar System Emergency Plan WW 2.3: Quiz 2 PETA 2.4: Simulating Collision of Asteroids, Comets, and Meteorites on Earth’s Surface  Classroom Rules 1. Respect others Listen to your teacher and classmates when they are talking. 2. No using of Phones No using of phone inside the classroom.  Classroom Rules 3. Raise your hand Raise your hand if you have questions and you want to speak. 4. Keep your hands, feet, and objects to your self. Stay in your designated seat. No transferring of seats.  Classroom Rules 5. Clean, Healthy, Safe, Friendly Environment (CHSF) Please keep our classroom neat and clean. 6. Participate in all activities. Work hard and do your best. CHSF/ TIME Pics in a Word RING OF FIRE SEISMOGRAPH EPICENTER EARTHQUAKE Earthquake and Faults  OBJECTIVES enumerate the topics, written works, and performance tasks for the second quarter; differentiate epicenter and focus of an earthquake, and the intensity of an earthquake from its magnitude; differentiate between active and inactive faults; explain why the Philippine archipelago is prone to earthquakes; express appreciation for knowing how an earthquake occurs. ✓The outermost layer of the Earth. ✓This is the part where we and other organisms live.  oceanic crust continental crust ✓Weathering ✓Erosion ✓Plate tectonics / Plate movements. process that involves the breaking down of rocks and minerals found on the surface of Earth. process that involves the breaking down of rocks and minerals found on the surface of Earth. process in which soil, rock, and other surface materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind and water. scientific theory that tells that Earth’s crust is divided into several plates that move or slide over the mantle. the ductile part of Earth that is approximately 100 km to 700 km deep from the crust ❑also known as Moho ❑boundary between the lower crust and the upper mantle ❑approximately 700 km thick  Mantle ✓ 84% of Earth’s volume. ✓ composed of peridotite ✓ Peridotite is an igneous rock that is usually dark- colored and coarse- grained rock; it sometimes contains diamonds. ❑ The Gutenberg discontinuity separates the core and the mantle of the earth. ❑ The Gutenberg discontinuity was named after Beno Guttenberg. ✓the central part of Earth ❑the outer core ❑the inner core ✓only liquid layer of Earth ✓responsible for Earth’s magnetic field ✓can be found approximately 2550 km ✓ temperature in this layer ranges from 4500 °C to 5500 °C ✓discovered by Inge Lehmann ✓diameter of the inner core is approximately 1220 km ❑Located between the liquid outer core and the solid inner core.  Did you know that, in 1692 Edmond Halley proposed that Earth is hollow? Aside from the mentioned discontinuity regions, the D” layer is believed to be the layer where the plumes from the deep mantle possibly originate and where subducting slabs terminate.  The depth of the inner core from the Earth’s surface makes it inaccessible for analysis and studying. This is why seismic waves from earthquakes are the primary sources of data to study the core. Earthquake in Bohol in 2013 7.2 magnitude Earthquake in Bohol in 2013 Mindoro earthquake (1994) Luzon earthquake (1990) Moro Gulf earthquake (1976) South Cotabato earthquake in 2019  Earthquake Sudden shaking of the ground that often occurs along geologic faults. The sudden shaking of the ground release of energy to Earth’s lithosphere. approximately 40,000 kilometers ❑Seventy-five percent of Earth’s volcanoes ❑Ninety percent of Earth’s earthquakes ❑Seventy-five percent of Earth’s volcanoes ❑Ninety percent of Earth’s earthquakes Hanging wall vs. Footwall  Classification of Faults Active faults- seismic activity is evident during the last 10000 years. Inactive faults- do not show seismic activities for millions of years.  CLASSIFICATION of DIP-SLIP FAULTS NORMAL FAULTS: Dip-slip faults on which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall Place younger rocks on older rocks Form in regions of lateral extension  EXAMPLES OF NORMAL FAULTS Outcrop scale normal faults Conjugate Normal Faults, Normal Fault Scarps, Turkey Canyonlands National Park www.msnucleus.org/.../pt/hazards/4/pth4_1a.html darkwing.uoregon.edu/~millerm/conjN1.html  CLASSIFICATION of DIP-SLIP FAULTS THRUST or REVERSE FAULTS: Dip-slip faults on which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall Place older rocks on younger rocks Form in regions of lateral compression  EXAMPLES OF THRUST FAULTS Outcrop scale thrust faults www.pitt.edu/.../7Structures/ReverseFaults.html Thrust Fault in Concrete from 1964 Quake, Anchorage, Alaska Thrust Fault in Sediments www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/.../alaska/0709log.html www001.upp.so-net.ne.jp/fl-fg/05-01.htm  CLASSIFICATION of STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS RIGHT-LATERAL (DEXTRAL) FAULTS: Strike-slip faults across which the block moves to the right.  CLASSIFICATION of STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS LEFT-LATERAL (SINISTRAL) FAULTS: Strike-slip faults across which the block moves to the left  EXAMPLES OF STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS Right Lateral Fault in Asphalt www.uwsp.edu/.../fault_transform_photo.html Right Lateral Slip, Izmit, Turkey, 1999 Quake San Andreas Fault, CA http://www.geo.uib.no/jordskjelv/ http://education.usgs.gov/california/ index.php?topic=earthquakes&lang=en pp1515/chapter2/fig2-21.jpg Seismograph- instruments used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake. Seismogram- recording of the ground shaking at the specific location of the instrument. Epicenter Epicenter  Seismic waves are waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. Seismic Wave Body waves Surface waves  Body Waves P Waves (compression wave) ❖fastest kind of seismic wave. ❖can move through solid rock and fluids ❖It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air.  Body Waves S wave (transverse wave) ❖An S wave is slower than a P wave. ❖This wave moves rock up and down, or side-to-side.  Surface Waves Love Waves ❖The first kind of surface wave is called a Love wave, named after Augustus Edward Hough Love. ❖It's the fastest surface wave and moves the ground from side- to-side.  Surface Waves R-waves (Rayleigh waves) ❖John William Strutt & 3rd Baron Rayleigh ❖Slowest among seismic waves ❖They may be generated by large earthquakes moving the ground up and down and side-to-side or in a rolling motion. Tsunami  The Tsunami ❑Also called seismic sea wave ❑Generated by an undersea geologic event, such as a great earthquake, volcanic explosion, or underwater landslide, and meteorite impacts ❑“Tsunami” in Japanese means “harbor wave” “big wave in the port” ❑Tsunamis are not “tidal waves”  Subduction Zone Earthquake Oceanic crust collides with continental crust and is forced downward Compression forces build until rock fractures and an earthquake occurs  Generation of the Tsunami During the earthquake, the seafloor moves upward, creating a water wave that spreads outward.  Generation of the Tsunami During the earthquake, the seafloor moves upward, creating a water wave that spreads outward. Undersea Landslide or Slump Body of sediment slumps downward along a continental shelf Can be triggered by an earthquake Water drops at the head of the slump, and rises at the toe to create a wave Wave moves outward as a tsunami  Volcanic Explosion The explosive eruption of Krakatau in August 1883 created a tsunami that claimed more than 36,000 lives  Volcanic Explosion The explosive eruption of Krakatau in August 1883 created a tsunami that claimed more than 36,000 lives  The Tsunami Wave ❑The tsunami wave has a wavelength of 100–200 km with a deep water height of 1 m or less ❑Travels as fast as 970 kph in open ocean ❑As it approaches the shore, it slows, steepens, and rises in height Deep ocean Shoaling Effects of tsunami ❑ loss lives ❑Destruction of property ❑Risk of getting diseases due to contaminated and stagnant water Intensity and Magnitude  Intensity Magnitude measures the strength of trembling produced by an indicates the amount of earthquake at a certain place. energy released at the epicenter It is determined from the effects brought on people, measured by the open- buildings and, the ended Richter scale. environment. measured by the Modified Mercalli Scale How should we prepare for earthquakes?  Tsunamis are mistakenly called tidal waves and are mistakenly associated with storm surges. Every year, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) conducts the Nationwide Earthquake drill, which is participated by various schools, establishments, and other offices all over the Philippines.  Types of earthquakes ✓ Tectonic Earthquake ✓ Volcanic Earthquake ✓ Collapse Earthquake ✓ Explosion Earthquake  Tectonic Earthquake occurs when Earths crust breaks or moves due to geological forces.  Volcanic Earthquake results from tectonic forces related to volcanic activities.  Collapse usually occurs in Earthquake underground mines that are usually caused by seismic waves from rock explosions on Earth’s surface.  Explosion Earthquake occurs from the detonation of any nuclear or chemical device. Answer pages pages 204-206. 1-15  3-minute pause I changed my attitude about… I became aware of… I was surprised about… Bring the following materials for the Performance Task. 1. Long bond paper 2. Pencil 3. Eraser 4. Ruler 5. Coloring material My Family Emergency Plan Construct an emergency plan for your family. Include the following information in your evacuation plan. 1. Floor plan of your house 2. Proper exit routes 3. Correct emergency hotlines/ contact details 4. Plan where to meet if you get separated  EMERGENCY HOTLINES/NUMBERS EVACUATION AREA Name: Date: Score: Grade & Section: PETA 2.1: My Family Emergency Plan