Science Module 1: Respiratory and Circulatory Systems PDF

9 Science NOT Quarter 1- Module 1: Week 1-2(Respiratory and Circulatory Systems, Working with Other Organ Systems) Department of Education Republic of the Philippines Scie...

9 Science NOT Quarter 1- Module 1: Week 1-2(Respiratory and Circulatory Systems, Working with Other Organ Systems) Department of Education Republic of the Philippines Science- Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1, Wk 1-2 - Module 1: (Respiratory and Circulatory Systems, Working with Other Organ Systems) First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Division of Iligan City Schools Division Superintendent: Roy Angelo L. Gazo, PhD.,CESO V Development Team of the Module Authors: Anna Teresa P. Maglinte and Sampaguita G. Mansueto Content and Language Evaluators: Sheila J. Paragoso, Mary Ann E. Canoy and Sheryl Jane P. Silang Illustrator and Layout Artist: Chris T. Sagarino Management Team Chairperson: Roy Angelo E. Gazo, PhD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Co-Chairpersons: Nimfa R. Lago,PhD, CESE Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD Members Henry B. Abueva OIC-CID Chief Ann Q. Solijon, EPS-Science Sherlita L. Daguisonan, LRMS Manager Meriam S. Otarra, PDO II Charlotte D. Quidlat, Librarian II Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Division of Iligan City Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City Telefax: (063)221-6069 E-mail Address: [email protected]  9 Science Quarter 1- Module 1: (Respiratory and Circulatory Systems,Working with Other Organ Systems) This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by select teachers, school heads, Education Program Supervisor in Science of the Department of Education-Division of Iligan City. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education-Iligan City Division at [email protected]. We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education Republic of the Philippines This page is intentionally blank  Table of Contents What This Module is About........................................................................................................................ i What I Need to Know................................................................................................................................... ii How to Learn from this Module................................................................................................................iii Icons of this Module.................................................................................................................................... iii What I Know..................................................................................................................................................iv Lesson 1: (Parts of the Human Respiratory System)........................................................................................... 1 What I Need to Know............................................................................................ 1 What’s New............................................................................................................. 1 What Is It................................................................................................................. 1 What’s More............................................................................................................ 2 What I Have Learned …………………………………………………………. 4 What I Can Do…………………………………………………………………….4 Lesson 2: (Functions of the Human Respiratory System)…………………………………….…………. 5 What’s In..................................................................................................................5 What I Need to Know.............................................................................................5 What’s New..............................................................................................................5 What Is It..................................................................................................................7 What’s More............................................................................................................ 7 What I Have Learned ………………………………………………………….. 8 What I Can Do…………………………………………………………………….8 Lesson 3: (Breathing Mechanism in Humans).............................................................................................. 9 What’s In................................................................................................................. 9 What I Need to Know............................................................................................ 10 What’s New........................................................................................................... 10 What Is It............................................................................................................... 10 What’s More.......................................................................................................... 12 What I Have Learned …………………………………………………………...12 What I Can Do…………………………………………………………………… 13 Lesson 4: (Parts and Functions of the Human Circulatory System).......................................................... 14 What’s In................................................................................................................. 14  What I Need to Know............................................................................................ 14 What’s New........................................................................................................... 15 What Is It............................................................................................................... 16 What’s More.......................................................................................................... 18 What I Have Learned …………………………………………………………. 20 What I Can Do…………………………………………………………………… 21 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 22 Assessment: (Post-Test) …………………………………………………………………….. 23 Key to Answers............................................................................................................................ 25 References.................................................................................................................................... 29 This page is intentionally blank What This Module is About In the previous years, you were introduced to the parts of the human digestive system and how each part functions as well as the process on how the digestive system breaks down food to nourish your whole body. You also learned that the human body is composed of several organ systems, which work together to keep us alive. In this module, you will learn the parts and functions of the respiratory and circulatory systems. Furthermore, this module will give you an understanding of how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport nutrients, gases, and molecules to and from the different parts of the body and value the importance of proper care of your body. To help you understand the lessons you will be doing the following activities: I. Parts of the Human Respiratory System  Name Me  What a Bunch of Grapes! II. Functions of the Human Respiratory System  Complete Me III. Breathing Mechanism in Humans  Bottled Balloons  Just One Breath IV. Parts and Functions of the Human Circulatory System  Crossword Puzzle: Circulatory System  The Human Heart  Coronary Circulation  Organize Me! i  What I Need to Know This module will make you realize that the different parts of your body are wonderfully created so that each part can perform its function and keep you alive. This module is divided into four lessons namely: Lesson 1 – Parts of the Human Respiratory System Lesson 2 - Functions of the Human Respiratory System Lesson 3 – Breathing Mechanism in Humans Lesson 4 - Parts and Functions of the Human Circulatory System At the end of this module, you should be able to: Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport nutrients, gases, and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body. Specifically, the activities in this module will enable you to:  Name the main parts of the human respiratory system;  Describe the function of each part of the human respiratory system;  Explain how the lungs work;  Describe how the movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in and out of the lungs;  Identify the parts and functions of the circulatory system;  Explain the different types of circulation on how they work together with respiratory system to transport nutrients, gases and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body ii How to Learn from this Module To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following: Take your time reading the lessons carefully. Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently. Answer all the given tests and exercises. Icons of this Module What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that Know are set for you to learn as you go along the module. What I know This is an assessment as to your level of knowledge to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to gauge prior related knowledge What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of the current one. What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through various activities, before it will be presented to you What is It These are discussions of the activities as a way to deepen your discovery and under- standing of the concept. What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in- tended for you to practice further in order to master the competencies. What I Have Activities designed to process what you Learned have learned from the lesson What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case your skills and knowledge gained, and applied into real-life concerns and situations. iii  What I Know (Pretest) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before each number. ______1.Which of the following is the function of the respiratory system? a. absorption of nutrients c. gas exchange b. transport of oxygen d. skeletal support ______2. Which of the following statements describes the function of the diaphragm? a. It contracts and relaxes during respiration to change the volume of the chest cavity b. It serves as the passage of air into the lungs c. It carries blood throughout the body d. It is the site of gas exchange ______3.The lungs bring ______ into the body, and eliminates _____ from the body. a. carbon monoxide, oxygen c. carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide b. oxygen, carbon dioxide d. oxygen , carbon monoxide ______4. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory system? a. Alveoli b. Bronchus c. Heart d. Trachea ______5. A baby swallows her food and accidentally, it does not enter the esophagus. What structure does not function properly and diverted the food into the respiratory tract instead of the esophagus? a. trachea b. epiglottis c. larynx d. bronchus ______6.Which of the following statements is NOT part of exhalation? a. The ribcage contracts inward b. The volume of the chest cavity decreases c. The diaphragm contracts and pulls downward d. The pressure within the chest cavity increases ______ 7. At what structures in the lungs do the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place? a. Bronchi b. Alveoli c. Bronchioles d. Trachea ______ 8. What happens to the pressure in your chest cavity when you inhale? a. Air pressure remains the same c. Air pressure is increased b. Air pressure is reduced d. Air pressure changes ______9.What organ in the circulatory system is responsible for pumping the blood throughout the body? a. Heart b. Blood vessels c. Blood d. Arteries _____10. Which of the following blood vessels is responsible in carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart? a. Arteries b. Veins c. Capillaries d. All of the above _____11. What is the main function of the blood in circulatory system? a. Carries the gases, nutrients and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body. b. Pumps the blood throughout the body c. Where the exchange of gases and nutrients take place. d. Where the carbon dioxide is absorb. iv ______12.Which type of circuit/ circulation is responsible for the movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the body, excluding the lungs? a. Pulmonary Circulation c. Systemic Circulation b. Coronary Circulation d. Both a and c _____13. How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body? a. Air moves in and out of the lungs through the trachea , bronchi, and bronchioles. b. Blood moves in and out of the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and veins that connect to the heart. c. Both a and b. d. Neither a nor b _____14. All of the following are true about human circulatory system except _____ a. Heart rate changes in response to our physical activity. b. White blood cells help fight microbes that may cause diseases. c. Veins have thinner walls than arteries. d. The atria pump blood out of the heart. _____15. Which structures of the heart receive blood from the lower and upper parts of the body? a. Arteries b. Veins c. Atria d. Ventricles v This page is intentionally blank  Parts of the Human Lesson Respiratory System 1 What I Need to Know At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: Name the main parts of the human respiratory system. What’s New Can you live without water for a few days and without food for a week? How about if you stop breathing for more than a few minutes? Yes! You will die immediately if you stop breathing for more than a few minutes. Remember, you can survive for several days without water and survive for a month without food, but you cannot survive for more than 5 minutes without oxygen. It is a part of the air that we breathe. Without this constant intake of air, the cells of your body would die quickly. Our cells need a continuous supply of oxygen to support its activity which supplies energy to the body. As a result of this energy-producing process, the cells perform all the vital tasks and keep you alive. The human respiratory system consists of organs in the body that help us to breath. Respiration is linked to breathing. The respiratory system does two very important things: it brings oxygen into our bodies, and gets rid of carbon dioxide. What Is It The Human Respiratory System Breathe in and out. Can you hear the quiet sounds of breathing in and out? The air that you breathe moves to the different parts of the respiratory system. These are the nose, nasal passageways/nasal cavity, pharynx (throat), larynx(“voice box” or “Adam’s Apple”), and trachea (windpipe) which divides into two tubes called bronchi. These tubes carry air into each lung. Inside the lungs, the bronchi divide into tiny tubes called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are hundreds of tiny air balloons called air sacs or alveoli. A large 1 dome-shaped muscle called the diaphragm is also found under the lungs. Perform this simple activity to name the parts of the human respiratory system. ACTIVITY 1: Name Me Objective:  Name the parts of the human respiratory system. Directions. Observe the drawing of the respiratory system in figure 1. Label the parts with the given words inside the box. Write your answer on the blank. diaphragm nose nasal cavity pharynx lungs mouth larynx trachea What’s More ACTIVITY 2. What a Bunch of Grapes! Objective: Name the parts of the lungs using the bunch of grapes model of the respiratory system. Materials : bunch of grapes or any fruits and vegetables that demonstrate bunching like lanzones, niyog-niyogan, lato, cauliflower, malunggay leaves or even tree branches 2 Procedure: ( Note: Aplastic/real bunch of grapes is used as a model) 1. Hold up the bunch of grapes. Let the bunch of grapes represent the respiratory or breathing system. 2. Locate the parts of the respiratory system as represented by the plastic/real bunch of grapes model in figure 2. 3. One by one gently take out some of the grapes to expose more of the branching stems. Observe its structure. 4. Trace the pathway of oxygen using the material you have. Adapted from Science – Grade 9 Learner’s Module, 1st Edition, 2014 Figure 2. The bunch of grapes model of the respiratory system Guide Question: 1. What does each part of the plastic/real “Bunch of Grapes” model represent, in relation to the breathing system? Complete the table below. Parts of the “Bunch of Grapes” Parts of the Breathing System 1. main stem 2. two large branching stems 3. little stems 4. individual grapes Note:  The trachea is a hollow tube so as to allow the air to pass through, not like the main stem of the plant you are using.  There are only two large branching stems in the respiratory system.  Unlike the grapes, the alveoli are so numerous that they cannot be counted individually.  Bronchus (singular) and bronchi (plural); alveolus( singular) and alveoli (plural). 3  What I Have Learned MATCHING TYPE. Match column A with B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided before each number. COLUMN A COLUMN B ____ 1. lungs A. ____ 2. trachea B. ____ 3. bronchioles ____ 4. nose C. ____ 5. alveoli ____ 6. bronchus D. ____ 7. diaphragm E. F. G. What I Can Do Listed below are the parts of the human respiratory system. When air enters our nose it passes to different parts before exchange of gases occurs. Arrange the correct sequence through which air passes after it enters your nose or mouth on the blanks below. 4  Functions of the Human Lesson Respiratory System 2 What’s In In our previous discussion, you learned that the parts of the human respiratory system in charge of supplying oxygen are the nose, nasal passageways/nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx , and trachea which divides into two tubes called bronchi. Bronchi carry air into each lung. Inside the lungs, the bronchi divide into bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are the alveoli. Inhaled oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries to the air in the alveoli. Under the lungs is a large dome-shaped muscle called the diaphragm. The lungs are the main organ in the human respiratory system. This time you will describe the function of each part of the human respiratory system. What I Need To Know At the end of the lesson, you will be able to : Describe the function of the parts of the human respiratory system. What’s New The respiratory system consists of different parts that allow air to reach the lungs. But before the air reaches the lungs, it must first be processed. Each part of the respiratory system performs a specific function. To learn the functions of each part of the respiratory system, do activity number 3. 5 ACTIVITY 3: Complete Me Objective:  Describe the function of each part of the respiratory system. Procedure: 1. Identify the letter that labels the part of the respiratory system. Write each part with its corresponding function in the table provided below. Adapted from Science - Grade 9 Learner’s Module, 1st Edition, 2014 Figure 3. The human respiratory system Parts of the Respiratory System Function A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Guide Question : 1. What will happen if one part of the system fails to carry out its function properly? 6  What Is It Have you experienced having colds and you have clogged nose? What organ should you use in breathing? Yes, it’s the mouth! Is this organ part of the respiratory system? The mouth also known as the oral cavity, is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. Normally, we breathe through the nasal cavity, but the mouth can also be used if we have problems with the nasal cavity. The following are the functions of each part of the respiratory system:  Nose --------------- the entrance of air into the body  Nasal cavity------ it is where the air is filtered, moistened and warmed  Pharynx ---------- controls the passage of air to the lungs and food (from digestion) to the esophagus  Larynx ------------ connects the pharynx to the trachea and contains the vocal cord. It prevents the passage of food into the lungs. It controls the flow of air to the lungs  Trachea ---------- main passageway of air into the lungs  Bronchi(bronchus)--- carry air into each lung  Lungs ------------- They help oxygen we breathe enter the red blood cells and get rid of carbon dioxide when we breathe out.  Bronchioles ------ tiny tubes that connect the bronchi to the alveoli.  Alveoli (alveolus)------- the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.  Diaphragm ----------- controls the breathing process What’s More As the air enters from the nose to the nasal cavity, then to the pharynx, air moves to the larynx. However, food has to be kept out of the larynx and this function is carried out by the epiglottis which is a flap of tissue located at the upper end of the larynx. When you swallow, the epiglottis partly closes the larynx where food and water move down the esophagus. Let us check how much you have learned from our lesson. Complete each statement using the terms from the list below. Write your answer on the space provided. bronchi epiglottis bronchioles larynx nose 1. We inhale air through our __________where it is warmed, moistened, and filtered. 2. The __________ which is also called the “voice box” connects the pharynx to the trachea in the neck.. 3. The trachea divides into two tubes called ________ which carry air into the lungs. 4. In the lungs, the tubes divide again until they become tiny tubes called _____. 5. A flap of tissue at the upper end of the larynx known as _________closes when you swallow food and water and sending them to the esophagus. (optional) Watch the video on how respiratory system works from this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTR1IsX55dc 7  What I Have Learned RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WORDSEARCH PUZZLE Directions. Find and encircle the vocabulary words in the puzzle below. Look for them in all directions including backwards and diagonally and use the encircled words to answer the statements that follow. T A P B R O N C H I I D A R D I H X L U N G S L I L A A B R A A X N Y R A L V C M S O N R R T L K O G E H S M N P T Y H T U O M O E E W S O E C N S Z D A L A A N B K S H N X E K M I Y X O Y N N E G Y X O S U D I A P H R A G M G L T I E B R O N C H I O L E S Y __________ 1. It is a passage for both food (from digestion) and air. __________ 2. It contains the vocal cord that produces sound. __________ 3. It is also called the oral cavity that replaces the nasal cavity’s function when needed. __________ 4. It is known as windpipe which is the main passageway of air into the lungs. __________ 5. The main organs of the respiratory system that help oxygen we breathe enter the red blood cells and get rid of carbon dioxide as we breathe out. __________ 6. A dome-shaped muscle that controls breathing. __________ 7. They carry air into each lung. __________ 8. It is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place __________ 9. Entrance of air into our body. __________10. These are tiny tubes that connect the bronchi to the alveoli. What I Can Do Directions. Describe the function of the following parts of the human respiratory system as the air enters through them. 1. Nasal cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx 4. Bronchi 5. Alveoli 8  Breathing Mechanism in Lesson Humans 3 What’s In In our previous discussion, you already learned about the essential parts and functions of the human respiratory system. This time, you will learn the mechanism and activities of the lungs and diaphragm. As a review describe the path of oxygen through the respiratory system by filling in the map. The Oxygen Treasure Map Write the path of oxygen from outside of the body to the blood stream. Place the given list of words below inside the box. Larynx ,Trachea , Alveoli, Nasal Cavity , Capillary, Pharynx , Bronchi, Bronchioles. Outside the body 1 2 3. 6 5 4 7 8 Blood stream 9  What I Need to Know At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:  Explain how the lungs work;  Describe how the movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in and out of the lungs What’s New When Does Breathing Happens Have you been in a crowded place like in the gym watching intramural games? or inside a crowded bus? You are in a hurry to get out and find a place where there are few people so you can move freely. This situation is similar to the process that makes air move in and out of the lungs. Put your hands on your chest and breathe in deeply. You will feel your chest getting bigger. Now breathe out the air, and feel your chest return to its original size. Why does your chest move when you breathe? As you breathe in (inhalation), your diaphragm muscle contracts and flattens out, causing it to move downward and the rib muscles pull upward causing air to fill up the lungs. Why is that so? When the diaphragm moves down and lifts the rib cage up causing the chest to expand, they provide more room for air to rush in and fills your lungs. This also reduces the force in your lungs so the air will move in from the outside. When it’s time to exhale(breathe out), everything happens in reverse. Your diaphragm relaxes and the ribs and lungs push in, causing the air out of the lungs. What Is It In this activity, you will be able to explain how lungs work, and describe how the movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in and out of the lungs. ACTIVITY 4: Bottled Balloons Objectives:  Explain how the lungs work  Describe how the movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in and out of the lungs 10 Study the diagram below. Complete the table and answer the questions that follow. Illustration by Eda J. Paragoso Figure 4.The human breathing mechanism model Guide Questions: 1. What does each part of the illustrated lung model represent in relation to the human breathing system? Parts of the lung model Parts of the human breathing system 1. straw inserted on top of the bottle 2. plastic bottle 3. 2 small straws 4. 2 small balloons 5. big balloon at the bottom 2. What happens to the two small balloons inside as you pull down the big balloon at the bottom of the model? 3. What happens to the two small balloons as you push up the big balloon at the bottom? 4. How does the movement of the diaphragm cause the air go in and out of the lungs? 5. What might happen if you make a hole using a pointed object to any of the two small balloons? 11  What’s More When you inhale or breathe in, your diaphragm muscle moves down and your chest cavity expands. During inhalation, your ribs also move outward increasing the size of the chest cavity. At this time your lungs have more space and less air pressure. So air from the outside where there is higher air pressure rushes into the lungs. When you breathe out or exhale, your diaphragm muscle moves up and the ribs move inward. Your chest cavity returns to its original size. Your lungs now have less space and greater air pressure so the air rushes outside where there is lower air pressure. (optional)Watch the video “ Mechanics of Respiration” from this link (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY) Directions. Fill up the missing gaps. Use the words inside the box below. carbon dioxide heat oxygen water deeper increases hot When we exercise, our breathing rate 1.___________. We breathe faster and 2.__________. This is to get more 3.___________ to the cells of our body and get rid of 4._______________ and 5.___________. The oxygen we breathe combines with glucose to release energy. This energy can be released as 6._________. This is why we feel 7.______ and sweaty. What I Have Learned The movement of your chest makes your lungs expand and contract. Your chest size changes when you breathe because of the actions of your rib muscles and diaphragm muscles. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. Illustration by Chris T. Sagarino 12 Choose the correct word and write it on the space provided. 1. When you inhale ( see figure A ) a. the ribs move ________________ ( inward OR outward ) b. the diaphragm moves _____________ ( upward OR downward ) c. there is now _______________ ( more OR less ) space in the chest area d. air rushes ________________ ( in OR out ) to fill the space 2. when you exhale ( see figure B ) a. the ribs move _______________ ( inward OR outward ) b. the diaphragm moves _____________ ( upward OR downward ) c. there is now ________________ ( more OR less ) space in the chest area d. because of this pressure air moves ______________ ( in OR out ) of the lungs What I Can Do Do this activity to learn how exercise affects your breathing rate. ACTIVITY 5: Just One Breath Objectives:  Describe what happens to your breathing rate after doing exercise.  Explain why this happens. Materials: Stopwatch/timer Record book/notebook Think of this: What changes take place while you exercise? Write it down in your notebook Procedure: 1. Sit quietly for 30 seconds. 2. Count your resting breathing rate (sitting position) for one minute. 3. Do jumping – jack for 30 seconds 4. Immediately after the jumping jacks, count your breathing rate for one minute. 5. Record your observation on the table below. Activity Breathing rate/minute 1. Sitting position (at rest) 2. After jumping-jack Breathing rate is the number of breaths (inhale and exhale) per minute Guide Questions: 1. What was your recorded resting breathing rate (sitting position)? 2. What was your breathing rate after the exercise? 3. How would you differentiate your breathing rates before and after exercising? 4. When do you breathe faster? Why do you think you breathe faster during more vigorous activities? 5. Other than exercise, what other factors do you think influence breathe/ minute? Why? 13  Lesson Parts and Functions of the 4 Human Circulatory System What’s In Your previous lesson tackled the parts and functions of human respiratory system. In this lesson, you will learn circulatory system and how it works together with respiratory system. Animals, like us humans, are multicellular organisms that need a process for transporting nutrients throughout our bodies and even in removing wastes. The human circulatory system is a complex network of blood vessels that reaches all parts of our body. This network supplies the cells, tissues, and organs with oxygen and nutrients, and eliminates carbon dioxide and waste compounds. The gas exchange between tissues and blood is a very important function of the circulatory system. Your blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the lungs. With this reason, the circulatory and respiratory system, whose function is to obtain oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide, work with each other. Respiratory and circulatory systems work at the same time to supply the body with oxygen and eliminate waste such as carbon dioxide. Moreover, they work together perfectly by coordinating the functions of the many parts of each system. Adapted from the Science 9 Learner’s Module, 1st Edition, 2014 Figure 1. The human circulatory system What I Need to Know At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: 1. identify the major parts and functions of the circulatory system; 2. describe the different types of circulation on how they work together with respiratory system to transport nutrients, gases and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body. 14  What’s New The circulatory system or cardiovascular system is a network consisting of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. Below is an activity which helps you identify the components of the circulatory system. This activity will serve as a spring board in this lesson. Activity 1. Crossword Puzzle: Circulatory System Objective: Identify the components of the circulatory system. Materials: Activity Sheet, Pen Procedure: Complete the crossword puzzle below with the given first letter of each word. 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 O 5 S 6 V 7 H 8 V ACROSS DOWN 3. a system that is made up of the 1. largest artery heart, blood vessels and the blood 2. carries oxygen, nutrients and other 5. movement of blood from the materials throughout the body heart to the rest of the body 3. smallest blood vessels in the body excluding the lungs 4. one of the materials delivered by 6. pumping chambers of the heart blood in the body 7. it pumps the blood throughout 6. they are located between each of the body the atrium and ventricle to prevent 8. carry deoxygenated blood to the blood from flowing backwards heart 15  What is it? The major parts of the circulatory system include the heart, blood vessels, and blood. 1. The Heart The heart is made of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that allows it to act as a pump within the circulatory system. Adapted from the Science 9 Learner’s Module, 1st Edition, 2014 Figure 2.The major divisions of the heart The human heart as seen in figure 2 above is about the size of your fist. It is divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood through the superior vena cava, which drains blood from the head and from the veins that come from the arms. The deoxygenated blood carries more carbon dioxide to be expelled from the body. The inferior vena cava, drains blood from the veins that come from the lower organs and the legs. This deoxygenated blood then passes through the right atrium then to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve, which prevents the backflow of blood. After it is filled, our right ventricle contracts, pumping the blood to the pulmonary veins, through the pulmonary valve then to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary artery. This blood passes through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle where the blood is pumped into the aorta through the aortic valve. The aorta is our largest artery in the body, taking oxygenated blood to the organs and muscles of the body. The oxygenated blood carries more of oxygen to deliver to our body tissues Your heart pumps blood to every corner and small space in your body. The average heart beats approximately 72 times each minute. It weighs nine to eleven ounces in females and just an ounce or two more in males. In your lifetime, your heart will beat approximately 2.5 billion times. Do Activity 2 to widen your understanding on the detailed parts of the human heart. 16 Activity 2: The Human Heart Objective: Identify the parts of the heart. Materials: Activity sheet, pen Procedure: Use the word bank below to label the detailed parts of the heart. Write only the letter of the corresponding part in the box. WORD BANK A. inferior vena cava B. right atrium C. pulmonary artery D. aorta E. tricuspid valve F. pulmonary veins G. left atrium H. left ventricle 19 I. superior vena cava J. right ventricle Illustration by Eda J. Paragoso Figure 3.The detailed parts of the heart Guide Questions: 1. How big is the heart? What is its function? 2. How many chambers does a heart have? What are they? 3. Why are valves important? 4. What is an oxygenated blood? Where does it come from? 5. What about deoxygenated blood? 2. The Blood Vessels Blood vessel, as illustrated in figure 4 is a vessel in the human body in which blood circulates. The arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart. The arterioles are the small branches of arteries. The venules are the small branches that collect the blood from the various organs and parts of the body which unite to form veins, which return the blood to the heart. The capillaries are minute thin-walled vessels that connect the arterioles and venules; it is through the capillaries that nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the blood and body tissues. 17  Illustration by Chris T. Sagarino Figure 4. Blood vessels in the human body 3. The Blood Blood is essential to life. Blood circulates through our body and delivers essential substances like oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells. It also transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. There is no substitute for blood. It cannot be made or manufactured. Generous blood donors are the only source of blood for patients in need of a blood transfusion. There are four basic components that comprise human blood: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. What’s More TYPES OF CIRCULATION 1. Pulmonary circulation is a circuit that provides blood flow from the heart to the lungs; and back to the heart. Adapted from the Science 9 Learner’s Module, 1st Edition, 2014 Figure 5. Pulmonary circulation 2. Systemic circulation is a circuit that allows blood to flow from the heart to the rest of the body; excluding the lungs. Adapted from the Science 9 Learner’s Module, 1st Edition, 2014 Figure 6. Systemic circulation 3. Coronary circulation is a circuit that strictly provides blood to the tissues of the heart. Adapted from the Science 9 Learner’s Module, 1st Edition, 2014 Figure 7. Coronary circulation 18 Activity 3: Coronary Circulation Objectives:1.Trace the flow of blood through the heart. 2.Explain how the lungs and the heart work together to transport nutrients, gases and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body. Materials: Activity sheet and pen. Procedure: Using the heart diagram, label the empty boxes with the correct answers to show the coronary circulation of the blood. Superior Vena Cava Tricuspid Right Atrium Left Atrium Bicuspid Pulmonary Artery Lungs Left Ventricle Aorta Right Ventricle 1. ______________ 3.__________ 4. 2. Inferior vena cava valve Pulmonary valve 5. rest of the body 6. Pulmonary Adapted from Science 9 Learner’s Module 1 Edition, 2014. st veins 10. 7. 8. _______ 9. valve Figure 8. Circulation of blood through the heart Guide Question: 1. Based on the diagram above, explain how the lungs and the heart work together to transport nutrients, gases and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body. 19  What I Have Learned Activity 4. Organize Me! Objectives: Identify the components of the circulatory system. Describe the different types of circulation. Materials: Activity sheet and pen. Procedure: Using the given concept map, fill in the missing parts, description, and functions to complete the entire concept. 1 2 Blood Vessel 3 Pumps the blood Carries throughout the the materials body throughout the body 4 5 6 7 8 S Systemic Circulation Circulation 9 10 Movement of blood through the tissues of the heart Adapted from Science 9 Learner’s Module 1st Edition, 2014. Figure 9. Circulatory System Concept Map 20  What I Can Do Have you ever heard of any problem that can arise with the respiratory and circulatory systems? For this part of the lesson you need to visit your barangay health center and interview the barangay health officer about records of any barangay constituents having problems with breathing or some illnesses caused by malfunctioning of one part of the respiratory and circulatory systems. Make a powerpoint presentation or provide picture and short description of the disease or illness. Cite some cause/s of such illness/es. List also some tips to take good care of your respiratory and circulatory systems. Note: If your barangay is still in quarantine, you may ask/request help from your elder brother or sister or your parents/guardians to visit the barangay health center to get the records. 21 Summary  Respiratory system is made up of the organs in the body that help us to breath.  Air enters the body through the nose, nasal passages/nasal cavity, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box) and then through the trachea (windpipe) which divides into two tubes called bronchi. These tubes carry air into each lung. Inside the lungs, the bronchi divide into tiny tubes called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are hundreds of tiny air balloons called air sacs or alveoli. A large dome-shaped muscle called the diaphragm is found under the lungs.  During inhalation, the diaphragm muscle contracts and during exhalation, the diaphragm muscle relaxes.  The circulatory system or cardiovascular system is said to be our life support structure that nourishes our cells with nutrients from the food we eat and oxygen from the air we breathe  The three major parts of the circulatory system with their roles are: o Heart–pumps the blood throughout the body o Blood vessel – carries the blood throughout the body Types:  Arteries-carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues and organs of the body  Veins –carry deoxygenated blood to the heart  Capillaries -the smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries to the smallest veins -the actual site where gases and nutrients are exchanged o Blood– carries the materials throughout the body  There are three types of circulation namely: 1. Pulmonary circulation is a circuit that provides blood flow from the heart to the lungs; and back to the heart. 2. Systemic circulation- is a circuit that allows blood to flow from the heart to the rest of the body; excluding the lungs 3. Coronary circulation is a circuit that strictly provides blood to the tissues of the heart. Our circulatory and respiratory systems work together through absorbing oxygen from the air and transfer it to all parts of the body while absorbing carbon dioxide from the body and releasing it into the air. 22  Assessment: (Post-Test) I. Match each term in Column A with the description in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided. Column A Column B _______ 1.air sacs a. breathing in _______ 2.exhaling b. tubes connecting the lungs _______ 3.capillaries c. where gas is exchanged _______ 4.inhaling d. breathing out _______ 5.bronchi e. surround the air sacs II. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before each number. _______ 1.All of the following actions are part of exhalation EXCEPT ________. A. the rib cage contracts inward B. the volume of the chest cavity decreases C. the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward D. the pressure within the chest cavity increases _______ 2.Which of these statements DOES NOT describe the trachea? A. it is also called the voice box B. It carries air to and from the lungs C. Its lower end branches into smaller tubes D. It contains rings of cartilage that prevent it from collapsing _______ 3.Which of the following statements about the circulatory system is false? A. Pumps the blood with the oxygenated red blood cells from the lungs via the arteries throughout the body. B. Absorbs oxygen from the air and transfer it to all parts of the body. C. Supplies tissues in the body with oxygen and other nutrients, transports hormones, and removes unnecessary waste products. D. To transport carbon dioxide to the body's cells and carry away oxygen from the cells _______ 4.From what source do cells get their food? A. Blood B. Oxygen C. Carbon dioxide D. Other cells _______ 5.Which type of blood vessels carries blood away from the heart? A. Veins B. Arteries C. Capillaries D. All of the above _______ 6.Why is oxygen important to blood and to the cells? A. Oxygen helps the blood to clot. B. Oxygen is necessary for cell growth and energy. C. Oxygen brings food to the cells. D. Oxygen is not important -- carbon dioxide is the most important substance to the body. 23 _______ 7.What is the main function of the blood in circulatory system? A. Carries the gases, nutrients and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body B. Pumps the blood throughout the body C. Where the exchange of gases and nutrients take place. D. Where the carbon dioxide is absorbed. _______ 8.Which type of circuit/ circulation is responsible for the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart? A. Pulmonary Circulation C. Systemic Circulation B. Coronary Circulation D. All of the above _______ 9.Which type of circuit/ circulation is responsible for the movement of blood through through the tissues of the heart? A. Pulmonary Circulation C. Systemic Circulation B. Coronary Circulation D. All of the above _______ 10.How does circulatory system and respiratory systems work together? A. The circulatory and respiratory systems works together through absorbing oxygen from the air and transfer it to all parts of the body while absorbing carbon dioxide from the body and releasing it into the air. B. Air moves in and out of the lungs through the trachea , bronchi, and bronchioles. C. Blood moves in and out of the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and veins that connect to the heart. D. Both a and b. 24 25 26 27 28 References Lourdes R.Carale, E.RGalvez, and R.L.Reyes.Science and Technology for a Better Life 2.(Manila:Diwa Learning Systems, Inc., 1995).87-89. John Donnie A. Ramos. Exploring Life Through Science The New Grade 9. (Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House,Inc.,2014). 5-11. Science - Grade 9 Learner’s Module (Philippines: FEP Printing Corporation, 1st Edition, 2014), 2-18. Exercise and Breathing. Accessed May 17,2020. https://www.tes.com/teaching- resource/exercise-and-breathing-rate-7220075. “An Introduction to Respiration”. Accessed, May 25, 2020. https://www.srsd119.ca/wp- content/uploads/2016/05/SCI_BIO_RL_GR11_Lesson3RespiratorySystem.pdf, The Respiratory System. Accessed May 17,2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A.. Respiratory system quiz.Accessed May 18,2020. https://www.biologycorner.com/quiz/qz_respiratory.html. Respiratory System the Oxygen Treasure Map. Accessed June 11, 2020. https://www.pdffiller.com/459986606--Digestive-Circulatory-and-Respiratory-Systems- Science- Charles Molnar, J. G. (n.d.). BCcampus. Retrieved from Opentext BCcampus website: https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/11-3-circulatory-and-respiratory-systems/ Gray, H. (n.d.). Pulmonary circulation and Systemic circulation:The roots and function of blood flow. Retrieved May 27, 2019, from Visible body : https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/circulatory/circulatory-pulmonary-systemic-circulation Makgraf, B. (2018, march 13). Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://sciencing,com/respiratory-circulatory-system human-body-6655803.html. Meng, A. &. (2003, july 09). Retrieved May 21, 2020, from Network of teacher Webwatchers: http://www.vtaide.com/png/blood-mcq.htm The editors of Encyclopeadia Britannica. (n.d.). Encyclopeadia Britannica. Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/science/blood-vessel University, R. (1999-2020). Openstax. Retrieved May 28, 2020, from 16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory System: https://openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/16-3-circulatory- and-respiratory-systems 29 For inquiries and feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) DepEd Division of Iligan City General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City Telefax: (063)221-6069 E-mail Address: [email protected]