Mod 10 The Big Five McCrae and Costa (Student) PDF

PSYC1130 Psychology for Social Service Workers The Five Factor Theory of Personality Robert McCrae & Paul Costa Image Source: https://personalityandintelligenceportfolio.weebly.com/the-big-five...

PSYC1130 Psychology for Social Service Workers The Five Factor Theory of Personality Robert McCrae & Paul Costa Image Source: https://personalityandintelligenceportfolio.weebly.com/the-big-five- Approaches to Example Theorists personality development Psychoanalytic Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud Neo-psychoanalytic Neurotic Needs & Trends: Karen Horney Individual Psychology: Alfred Adler Behavioural Reinforcement Theory: BF Skinner Cognitive Cognitive Theory: Aaron Beck Humanistic Self-Actualization Theory: Carl Rogers Positive Psychology: Martin Seligman Genetics (Trait) Five-Factor Theory: McCrae & Costa Sensation Seeking: Marvin Zuckerman Social-Learning Locus of Control: Julian Rotter  Genetics (Trait) Approach e.g., McCrae & Costa; Raymond Cattell An approach to the study of personality that characterizes human behaviour according to distinguishable characteristics (traits) and suggests these traits are largely inherited.  What is a Personality Trait? A distinguishing characteristic which describes a relatively stable aspect of an individual They are ‘real’ and observable within people as opposed to ‘constructed’ labels. They may be measured on a continuum by observing people over time May determine and cause behaviour Traits are interrelated Traits are context specific  History of the Trait Approach to Understanding Personality Gordon Allport Raymond Cattell Hans Eysenck Image sources: https://www.verywellmind.com/gordon-allport-biography-2795508; https://archon.library.illinois.edu/archives/index.php?p=digitallibrary/ https://www.dandebat.dk/eng-person4.htm  History of the Trait Approach to Understanding Personality Gordon Allport Allport meets Freud First researcher of personality traits Heredity & environment Categorizing traits Traits & personal dispositions Image sources: https://www.verywellmind.com/gordon-allport-biography-2795508;  Nature of Personality Heredity Two Personalities Provides raw Childhood & materials adulthood Shaped by Discrete, environment discontinuous Emphasis on nature of uniqueness personality Not constrained by early experiences Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Personality Traits Individual Traits Common Traits Unique to the Shared by many individual people Defines one’s e.g. within a character culture Likely to change over time Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a  Personal Dispositions Traits particular to an individual Cardinal Traits Secondary Traits Most pervasive and Least important traits powerful traits Displayed Central Traits inconspicuously & inconsistently Outstanding traits that describe one’s behavior Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights  Reflections on Allport Contributions Well-received Influenced humanistic theories with hopeful philosophy Commonsense alternative to psychoanalytic thought Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Reflections on Allport Criticisms Little research Terms difficult to study Questions about mechanisms – Functional autonomy Focus on individual; difficult to generalize Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  History of the Trait Approach to Understanding Personality Raymond Cattell Carried on study of traits through new technology (computer) and Factor Analysis 181 clusters of personality traits reduced to 16 personality factors (16PF) Image sources: https://www.verywellmind.com/gordon-allport-biography-2795508; https://archon.library.illinois.edu/archives/index.php?p=digitallibrary/ https://www.dandebat.dk/eng-person4.htm  Factor Analysis A statistical technique based on correlations between several measures, which may be explained in terms of underlying factors Raymond Cattell: Ways of Classifying Traits  Raymond Cattell’s 16PF Facto Low Scorers High Scorers r A Reserved, aloof, detached Outgoing, warmhearted, easygoing B Low in intelligence High in intelligence C Low ego strength, easily upset, High ego strength, calm, emotionally less emotionally stable stable E Submissive, obedient, docile, Dominant, assertive, forceful unsure, meek F Serious, sober, depressed, Happy-go-lucky, enthusiastic, worrying cheerful G Expedient, low in superego Conscientious, high in superego H Timid, shy, aloof, restrained Bold, adventurous I Tough-minded, self-reliant, Tender-minded, sensitive, dependent demanding  Raymond Cattell’s 16PF (continued) Facto Low Scorers High Scorers r M Practical, down-to-earth, Imaginative, absentminded concerned with detail N Forthright, naїve, Shrewd, worldly, insightful unpretentious O Self-assured, secure, Apprehensive, insecure, self- complacent reproaching Q1 Conservative, holds traditional Radical, liberal, experimenting, values, dislikes change embraces change Q2 Group-dependent, prefers to Self-sufficient, resourceful, join and follow others independent Q3 Uncontrolled, lax, impulsive Controlled, compulsive, exacting Q4 Relaxed, tranquil, composed Tense, driven, fretful  Influences of Heredity and Environment Cattell showed interest in influences of heredity and environment in shaping personality – Investigated by statistically comparing twins and siblings in different rearing situations – Conclusion One-third of personality is genetically based Two-thirds is determined by social and environmental influences Research on Cattell’s Ideas  History of the Trait Approach to Understanding Personality Hans Eysenck Used factor analysis and personality tests to derive 3 dimensions of personality – Superfactors (combinations) Extraversion vs. Introversion Neuroticism vs. emotional stability Psychoticism vs. impulse control (super ego function) https://www.dandebat.dk/eng-person4.htm  Extraversion and Introversion Extraversion Introversion Traits Sociable, Traits Shy away from lively, active, excitement, react assertive, strongly to sensation stimulation seeking, carefree, dominant, and venturesome Biologi Lower base Biologi Cortical arousal cal level of cal levels are already cortical high  Neuroticism Traits of high scorers – Anxious, depressed, guilt feelings, low self-esteem, tense, irrational, shy, and moody Sympathetic nervous system overreacts to mild stressors – Results in chronic hypersensitivity People are genetically predisposed to neuroticism or emotional stability  Psychoticism Traits of high scorers – Aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsive, antisocial, creative, and tough-minded – Have problems with alcohol, drug abuse, and violent criminal behavior Have authoritarian and controlling parents  Primary Role of Heredity for Eysenck Eysenck believed that traits and dimensions were determined by heredity – Compared identical (monozygotic) to fraternal (dizygotic) twins Identical twins were more similar Adopted children show more similarity with biological parents Trait Theory Summarized https://ww C he c k w.youtube o video ut this 10.com/watc Acade by the -minu te Khan h?v=Hxk6 to exp y m GCKUiZI l a in T r ai t T heory  …and then there were 5 Image Source: https://personalityandintelligenceportfolio.weebly.com/the-big-five-  The Five Factor Model Robert McCrae & Paul Costa Image Source: https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5fa37ea7f8ee65001b5df79e/robert- mccrae-y-paul-costa Image Source: https://personalityandintelligenceportfolio.weebly.com/the-big-five-  Costa and McCrae: Five-Factor Model Factors were confirmed through assessment techniques – Helped develop the NEO Personality Inventory Results can be distorted by deliberate manipulation by the subject  McCrae and Costa’s Big Five Personality Factors Factors are viewed on a continuum ring completed results to LAB Big 5 Personality Test: 50 questions; uses 5-pt Likert scale Measures: Openness- curiosity, independence Conscientiousness- hardworking, attention to detail Extraversion- outgoing, adventure seeking Agreeableness- cooperative, helpful Click on a the ry link to t Neuroticism emotional stability free lity persona y & cop test or ste l in k into https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test pa a new Research on McCrae and Costa’s Ideas  The Big Five Personality Traits https://ww w.youtube.com/watc h?v=Pc8I DcRVPZ4 This 13 minute video by Daniel Storage provides an excellent description of the 5 Personality Traits Image Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?  Emotional Correlates Well-being Extraversion High extraversion Social support Low neuroticism Likeable High Positive emotions agreeableness and conscientiousness Neuroticism Negative outcomes Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible  Behavioral Correlates Conscientiousness Openness Better grades and Various intellectual responsible at work interests Increased health Seeks challenges Low score leads to use Neuroticism of alcohol and illegal Greater longevity drugs Extraversion Agreeableness More social Fewer behavior relationships problems Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible Personality Traits and the Internet Score Conscientio Neurotic Extraversio Agreeabl Openness usness n eness More Facebook Post more More Shops online friends pictures on Facebook for a new Facebook friends and - adventure use of social High media Shop online for Addiction Using convenience to video Facebook - - games because of loneliness Shops - online to - - - avoid other people Low Using Sexting by Less time Facebook sending using because of - - suggestive computers Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not loneliness photos be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a and playing publicly accessible  Reflections on the Trait Approach Inheritance make-up almost half of personality – Genetic effect outweighs environmental factors Practical and theoretical implications for personality psychologists exist Family and environmental factors cannot be discounted as shapers of personality Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible  Complete this Inventory on your Individual Learning Style Bring the Completed Results to LAB https://www.learning-styles-online.com /inventory/ questions.php You can click this link or you may need to copy and past the link into the Browser  Lab Image Source: https://www.pngitem.com/ middle/oomxix_diverse- student-group-work-clip- arts-students-working/ Reviewing Your Test Results for the Big Five What did you learn about yourself? What surprised you? How did the results compare to how you view yourself? What was it like taking the test online? How might you use these results? In school? In your career?  Which of the Big Five Personality Traits has the biggest influence on job performance? How do the other traits play a role in the workplace? Which traits are most common in Social Workers? Reviewing the results of the Learning Styles Inventory Image Source: learning- styles-online.com What to do now? Actual links on next slide  Learning Styles Links Visual (spatial): https://www.learning-styles-online.com/style/visual-spatial/ Aural (auditory-musical): https://www.learning-styles-online.com/style/aural-auditory-musical/ Verbal (linguistic): https://www.learning-styles-online.com/style/verbal-linguistic/ Physical (kinesthetic): https://www.learning-styles-online.com/style/physical-bodily-kinesthetic/ Logical (mathematical): https://www.learning-styles-online.com/style/logical-mathematical/ Social (interpersonal): https://www.learning-styles-online.com/style/social-interpersonal/ Solitary (intrapersonal): https://www.learning-styles-online.com/style/solitary-intrapersonal/  Learning Styles Inventory What are your Learning Styles? What kind of learning techniques work best for your learning style? What do you need to do (i.e., steps, preparations or do differently) in order to incorporate one or two new learning techniques into your study habits?