MO - 06 Chemical Texture.pdf

Hair Dressing & Beautification Regular Training Level III Learninig guide Module Title: Chemical Texture Module Code: CST HDB3 M06 0622 Nominal duration: 70 Hours Prepared By: November, 20...

Hair Dressing & Beautification Regular Training Level III Learninig guide Module Title: Chemical Texture Module Code: CST HDB3 M06 0622 Nominal duration: 70 Hours Prepared By: November, 2023 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ~1~  Acknowledgements The Ministry of Labor and Skill wishes to thank MoLS and regional Labor and Skill bureau experts, TVT trainers and industry experts who contribute their time and professional experience to the development of this Training Module for regular training. ~2~  Table Contents Acknowledgment....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Table of Content.....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Module Instruction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----5 Unit One: Client characteristic____________________________________________________6 Introduction to the Module............................................................................................7 1.1 Hair type and condition _____________________________________8 1.2 Design and degree of relaxation ___________________________________21 1.3 client history _________________________________________________22 1.4 Contra indication to chemical straight _______________________________23 self check unit one______________________________________________28 operation sheet_________________________________________________29 Unit Two: Reform products and equipment _____________________________________30 Introduction to the unit______________________________________________________31 2.1. Personal precautions __________________________32 2.2. Chemical straighten and relax _______________________34 2.3. Product instruction and salon procedure_________________36 2.4. Product instruction safety, data and salon procedures_________38 2.5. Paste disposal throughout the service _____________________40 Self-Check-2...........................................................................................................42 operation sheet unit two ____________________________________________________43 Unit Three: Rinse and neutralize hair........................................................................45 3.1 Rinse -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _- - -46 3.2 Neutral chemical products -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -48 3.3. Product instruction_________________________________________50 Self-Check 3............................................................................................................52 operation sheet unit three____________________________________________________53 ~3~  Unit Four: Service and home care advice...................................................................54 4.1 Expectation and client satisfaction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -57 4.2 Home hair care products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -59 4.3 Client history -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -61 self check 4............................................................................................................64 operation sheet unit four_______________________________________________65 LAP Test4...............................................................................................................67 Reference _______________________________________________________69 ~4~ Module Units Consult client Reform products and equipment Rinse and neutralize hair Service and home care advice Learning Objectives of the Module Consult client Reform products and equipment Rinse and neutralize hair Service and home care advice Module Learning Instructions  Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.  Follow the instructions described below.  Read the information written in this module.  Accomplish the Self-check  Apply Operation sheet  Perform LAP Test ~5~ Unit one: Consult client This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the following content coverage and topics:  Hair type and condition  Design and degree of relaxation  Client history  Contra indication to chemical straight This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page. Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to: Introduction to the Module ~6~ Chemical texture services are hair services that cause a chemical change that alters the natural wave pattern of the hair. Permanent waving: Adding wave or curl to the hair. Relaxing: Removing curl or waves; leaving the hair smooth and straight. Curl re-forming (self curl permanents): Loosening overly curly hair; changing tightly curly or coiled hair into loose curls or waves. Assess Hair and Consult with Client: Hair Assessment: When a client steps into the salon, it's not just a matter of 'what do you want today?'—it's an intricate process that begins with assessing their hair's natural characteristics. This includes examining the hair's texture, porosity, density, and existing condition. Just like a materials engineer studies the properties of a substance, a hairstylist evaluates the hair as their raw medium for artistic expression. Client Consultation: The consultation is where the magic begins. It's a dialogue between the client and the stylist, where ideas, preferences, and lifestyle factors all come into play. It's a bit like collaboration between an artist and their muse—bringing together creativity and personal expression. The stylist listens attentively, asks questions, and offers expert guidance, ensuring that the client's desires and practical considerations are harmoniously combined. 1.1. Hair type and condition The texture of your hair is determined by the size and shape of the hair follicle, which is a genetic trait controlled by hormones and related to age and racial characteristics. Whether hair is ~7~ curly, wavy or straight depends on two things: its shape as it grows out of the follicle, and the distribution of keratin-producing cells at the roots. When viewed in cross-section, straight hair tends to be round, wavy hair tends to be oval, and curly hair kidney shaped. Straight hair is formed by roots that produce the same number of keratin cells all around the follicle. In wavy and curly hair, the production of keratin cells is uneven, so that at any given time there are more cells on one side of the oval=shaped follicle than on the other. Furthermore, the production of excess cells alternates between the sides. This causes the developing hair to grow first in one direction and then in the other. The result is wavy or curly hair. The natural color of the hair also affects the texture. Natural blondes have finer hair than brunettes, while redheads have the thickest hair. Generally speaking, hair can be divided into three categories: fine, medium and coarse and thick. Fine hair can be strong or weak; however, because of its texture, all fine hair has the same characteristic – it lacks volume. As the name suggests, medium hair is neither too thick nor too thin, and is strong and elastic. Thick and coarse hair is abundant and heavy, with a tendency to grow outwards from the scalp as well as downwards. It often lacks elasticity and is frizzy. A single head of hair may consist of several different textures. For example, fine hair is often found on temples, and the hairline at the front and on the nape of the head, while the texture over the rest of the head may be medium or even coarse. Normal, Dry Or Oily? Hair type is determined by the hair’s natural condition – that is the amount of sebum the body produces. Treatments such as perming, coloring and hair styling will also have an effect on hair type. Natural hair types and those produced by applying treatments are described here, with advice on haircare where appropriate. Dry Hair: It can look dull, feels dry and tangles easily. It is difficult to brush, particularly when it is wet. It is often quite thick at the roots but thinner, and sometimes split, at the ends. Causes: Excessive shampooing, over-use of heat-styling equipment, misuse of color or perms, damage from the sun, or harsh weather conditions. Each of these factors depletes the moisture content of hair, so that it loses its elasticity, bounce and suppleness. Dryness can also be the result of a sebum deficiency on the hair’s surface, caused by a decrease in or absence of sebaceous gland secretions. Solutions: Use a nourishing shampoo and an intensive conditioner. Dry hair naturally. Normal Hair:It is neither oily nor dry, has not been permed or colored, hold its style and looks good most of the time. Normal hair is suited to the daily use of two-in-one conditioning shampoos. These are formulated to provide a two-stage process in one application.When the product is lathered into wet hair the shampoo removes dirt, grease and styling products. At this stage the conditioner remains in the lather. As the hair is rinsed with more water, the grease and dirt are washed away, and the micro-fine conditioning droplets are released onto the hair, leaving it shiny and easy to comb. Oily Hair: It looks lank and greasy and needs frequent washing to look good. ~8~ Causes: Overproduction of sebum as a result of hormone disturbances, stress, hot and humid atmosphere, excessive brushing, or constantly running hands through the hair, perspiration, or a diet rich in saturated fat. The hair becomes oily, sticky and unmanageable in just a few days, or sometimes within hours. Solutions: Use a gentle, non-aggressive shampoo that also gives the hair volume. A light perm will lift the hair at the roots and limit the dispersal of sebum. Rethink your diet; cut out as many dairy fats and greasy foods as you can. Try to eat plenty of fresh food, and drink six to eight glasses of water everyday. Combination Hair: It is oily at the roots but dry and sometimes split at the ends. Causes: Chemical treatments, using detergent based shampoos too frequently, overexposure to sunlight, and over-use of heat-styling equipment. Such repeated abuse often provokes a reaction in sebum secretion at the roots and a partial alteration in the scales, which can no longer fulfil their protective role. The hair ends therefore become dry. Solutions: Use products that have only a gentle action on the hair. Excessive use of formulations for oily hair and those for dry hair may contribute to the problem. Ideally, use a product specilly designed for combination hair. If this is not possible try using a shampoo for oily hair and finish by applying a conditioner from the middle lengths to the ends of the hair only. Colored Or Permed Hair: It is very often more porous than untreated hair, so it needs to be treated with gentle cleansers and good conditioners. Color-care products will help prevent fading by protecting the hair from the damaging rays of sunlight.toducts specially designed for permed hair can also help maintain elasticity, giving longer-lasting results. What is hair and scalp condition? Some common conditions of the scalp include adrogenetic alopecia, psoriasis, ringworm, and head lice. Scalp conditions are usually diagnosed through a simple physical examination and history. In most cases, a dermatologist can help you discover the cause of your scalp condition. Abnormal Hair disorders are accompanied by the following signs and symptoms, depending on the type: Alopecia (nonscarring) involves hair loss all over or in circular areas, a receding hair line, broken hairs, a smooth scalp, inflammation, and possibly loss of lashes, eyebrows, or pubic hair. ~9~ Damaged Hair damage is essentially any condition whereby one or more of the hair structures, (cuticles, cortex, medulla, etc.), are physically or chemically altered to the extent that they are unable to return to their original state. A professional hair stylist will be able to diagnose your hair's condition in more detail, but in general, damaged hair breaks easily when pulled and has visible split ends (due to fragile bonds), while dry hair is often accompanied by white flakes of skin and a coarse, rough texture Hair texture coarse What is coarse hair? Coarse hair is an often thick, volumous hair type. If you have coarse hair, it will probably have plenty of natural body. The best way to know if you have coarse hair is to feel whether it has a noticeably rough, thick texture, e.g. when you hold a strand between your fingers. Medium Medium hair is thicker than fine hair, it's the most common hair type and usually covers the scalp very well. The positive of this hair texture is that it's not as fragile as fine hair and can be styled easily, straight hair, waves or curls are perfect for this style and will hold well. Fine Fine hair texture is delicate and feels silky to the touch. Surprisingly, people with fine hair sometimes have more hair than people with thicker hair texture, but since each strand contains less protein structure, it doesn't hold curl or volume well and can look flat, limp or thin. Hair density Hair density refers to the number of hairs on your scalp per square inch. So, if you've ever heard someone say that they have fine hair but a lot of it, the amount is due to density. Physician and medical director Dr. Samuel Hetz told VEGAMOUR, "Basically, density is the amount of hair per square inch of scalp. The average hair density is 100-200 hairs per square inch. That means that a person with high-density hair might have 300-400 hairs per square inch, while someone with low-density hair may have only 50-100 hairs per square inch." On average, humans typically have between 80,000 to 120,000 hairs on their head at any time. Hair density is usually the highest around the crown of the head, but density can differ, often by ethnicity. Thankfully, hair density doesn't tend to indicate health, but those with nutritional deficiencies will often see a reduction in density. ~ 10 ~ Sparse (Low hair density) Those with thin hair will also often have straight hair that struggles to gain volume. Avoid heavy, oily products and opt for lightweight styling products. Heavy conditioners can add unwanted, excess weight, so make sure you use revitalizing formulas that complement your natural texture. GRO Revitalizing Shampoo and Conditioner are formulated with powerful plant actives to encourage thicker, fuller looking hair and reduce shedding — all without weighing strands down. Thickening products such as mousses and hair foams can help to add texture to low-density hair. Also, ask your hairstylist if a blunt cut could boost the appearance of your hair's thickness. Normal (Medium-Density Hair) If you have medium-density hair, it generally requires less maintenance. Focus on nourishing your natural hair with hydration, and use a hair serum to keep growth consistent and healthy. Remember to tend to split ends with regular trims and keep processing and color changes to a minimum. Dense (High-Density Hair) Those with thick strands and high-density hair may need to use heavier hair products to keep strands under control. Serums and oils can help reduce frizz, and hairstyles that remove bulk will work best. You might want to try some longer layers, or you could mix up your routine by straightening strands — just make sure you use a heat protectant to maintain integrity and condition. Hair porosity What Is Hair Porosity? Hair porosity is the ability of your hair to absorb and preserve liquids or moisture in the cuticle. Your strands appear like a single, long, smooth strip, but it's actua lly composed of numerous layers known as cuticles. To some extent, the cuticle is a protective layer, and it determines how much liquid can penetrate the hair. If your cuticles are open and super raised, they will lose moisture faster, leaving your hair frizzy and dry. If your cuticles are close together, they hold off on absorbing liquids, making it difficult to hydrate and treat your locks. In essence, hair's porosity determines what your hair needs and what it doesn't. ~ 11 ~  If you know your hair's porosity, you can easily pick out hair care treatments and products that are useful for your hair, saving you the hassle of trying and testing different regimes. For the most part, porosity is genetic, but factors like environmental damage, chemicals, and heat can bear an influence. The Different Types Of Hair Porosity Hair porosity is typically divided into three broad categories:  High porosity - cuticles that are widely spaced  Medium porosity - cuticles that are less tightly bound  Low porosity - cuticles that are close together 1. High Porosity Highly porous hair has raised cuticles that can absorb moisture but cannot hold on to it and loses it quickly. This leaves your hair frizzy and prone to breakage and damage. The lack of moisture makes the texture of your hair dry and sometimes coarse. Characteristics Of High Porosity Hair  Hair quickly and easily absorbs water as it’s highly porous  It takes a long time for your hair to dry  Highly porous hair needs and loves protein  Most prone to breakage and split ends  Hair gets tangled easily Rinse your hair with cold water after shampooing as it helps seal the cuticle. Note: It’s best for those with high hair porosity to invest in a good leave-in conditioner, which helps lock in moisture. 2. Medium Porosity Hair You’ve hit the jackpot if you find that you have medium porosity. With a slightly loose cuticle, the hair absorbs just the right amount of liquid and holds on to it. ~ 12 ~  This type of hair requires the least maintenance. It doesn’t get frizzy, isn’t prone to build up, doesn’t dry out easily, and holds hairstyles better. Your hair looks healthy, voluminous, and lustrous. Characteristics Of Medium Porosity Hair  Medium porosity hair is in its most natural, healthy state  It requires less maintenance and effort  Hair doesn’t take too long to dry or to get wet  It can easily absorb and retain moisture inside the cuticle  It holds hairstyles well  Minimal breakage and split ends 3. Low Porosity Hair With the cuticles firmly closed and clamped down, the hair doesn't absorb moisture easily. But when it does, it retains the moisture for long, which prevents the hair from looking damaged or dry. As oils and other treatments aren't easily absorbed, you can notice product buildup on the scalp for those with low hair porosity. Overall, low porosity hair is shiny and often considered to be healthy but tends to fall flat. Characteristics Of Low Porosity Hair  Because hair naturally holds off on water, it takes longer to get saturated and longer for it to dry  You can see a buildup of products  It's difficult to hydrate  It's difficult to treat low porosity hair chemically, and it doesn't take color well  It's less prone to breakage and split ends  The hair doesn't have much volume or elasticity Now that you have a brief idea about the different hair porosity types, let's find out your hair's porosity. The tests below can help you determine yours. What Causes Low Or High Hair Porosity? Typically, porosity is genetic but external factors can affect and alter it too. ~ 13 ~  Chemical and color treatments, daily heat styling, overexposure to the sun, pH imbalances, and pool water can weaken the bonds between the cuticle cells and result in porosity. How To Check Hair Porosity? The journey to healthy hair is all about knowing your hair inside-out. Porosity is no different and can be the key to solving a lot of your hair problems. Even if you don’t have a microscope or a medical degree, one of these hair porosity tests is a good indicator of what category your hair falls in. 1. The Float Test Grab a few locks of clean hair, because any product residue can alter the results. Drop these strands into a bowl or glass of room temperature water and let it sit for a few minutes. Results: After some time, check whether your hair sinks or floats. If it floats your hair has low porosity and if it sinks it has high porosity. If it’s somewhere in between, you have medium porosity hair. 2. The Slip and Slide Test Take a very tiny section of your hair and slide your fingers upwards towards the scalp. Results: If you feel it’s smooth, you have low porosity hair. If you feel bumps along the way, you have high hair porosity. Other things you get to know from the strand test:  If your hair feels hard and rigid, it has excess protein  If your hair feels sticky, limp or stringy, it requires protein  Your hair has an overabundance of moisture if your hair is very soft but easily breaks and doesn’t hold a style  Your hair lacks moisture if your hair feels dry, brittle and looks tangled ~ 14 ~  3. The Spray Bottle Test Take a small section of your hair and use a spray bottle to dampen it. Keep a close watch. Results: Your hair has normal porosity if the water sits on the hair’s surface for a bit before it’s soaked up. If the water droplets on the surface linger for longer, your hair is low in porosity. If your hair absorbs the water quickly, it’s high in porosity. Now that you know how to measure hair porosity use these simple methods and get testing! Once you determine your type, you can read all about improving it below. How Can You Keep Your Hair Moisturized? 1. Hair Care For High Porosity High porosity hair needs extra care and loving as it is vulnerable to tangling, frizziness, dryness, damage, and breakage. Here’s what you can do to nourish and protect it:  Massage your scalp and hair often with oil for nourishment and moisturization. Use oils like avocado, coconut, jojoba, or olive oil.  Use a good leave-in conditioner every other day to preserve moisture and prevent the hair from drying out.  Steer clear from hairsprays, serums and heat styling tools.  Deep condition your hair weekly or biweekly.  Try protein treatments.  Lukewarm or cold water works best when you shampoo and condition your hair. 2. Hair Care For Low Porosity Hair Low porosity hair does not retain moisture well and is almost water-resistant. Here are your solutions:  Use a clarifying shampoo once a week to get rid of product build-up from your scalp and hair.  Use conditioning hair masks to pamper your hair every other week.  Give your hair hot-oil treatment using oils like coconut, avocado, and olive.  Try protein-free conditioners. Your hair can easily absorb them, and they’re less likely to cause product build-up.  Choose lightweight hair care products. ~ 15 ~ 3. Haircare For Medium Porosity Hair Medium porosity hair retains adequate moisture. It also reacts well to chemical treatments such as coloring and styling. However, don’t overindulge in such procedures as they can cause hair fall and damage. Wrapping Up Finding the right way to nourish your hair can be quite the journey, especially if you can't get your hands on the right products to keep your hair in shape. If you found that your hair suffers from breakage, frizz, and dryness despite adopting a variety of methods and using a range of products, you've missed out on a significant factor - hair porosity. It is essential you know how porous your hair is so that you can find the best hair care regimen for yourself. SkinKraft provides a customized hair care regimen that includes a shampoo and conditioner to match your hair's unique needs. Existing natural movement and curl The movement is centered around Black people who wear afro-textured hair in its natural, coiled, or tight, curly state. These individuals of African descent choose not to relax their hair, allowing it, instead, to grow in its natural texture. To relax one's hair means to use chemicals to straighten it. Length of hair Our hair length charts for all textures and cuts are the perfect images to save to your camera roll and point to when confusion sets in. As an added bonus, you’ll know that you're on the same page with your stylist about what “mid-back” means if you're both looking at the same picture. Whether you’re looking to grow your hair out or opt for a very short cut, let this hair length chart be your guide. Hair Length Chart: Short Hair Buzz Cut Edgy girls and those who don’t want to be slowed down by lengthy styling routines choose buzz cuts. For added panache, try incorporating a fantasy hair color into your look. This cut is all about freedom of expression. ~ 16 ~ Ear Length (Pixie) If you have a spectacular bone structure you’re just dying to show off, a pixie cut or ear length cut is a great idea. Girls with curls will find it elevates their ringlets without any added effort— just what we like! The pixie cut is hard to beat in terms of classic cuts that don't go out of style. If you’re searching for an effortless way to style your ear length cut, apply a bit of hair mousse like Redken Full Frame 07 All-Over Volumizing Mousse to give your look weightless volume. Chin Length (Bob) Forever the chicest of short cuts, chin length hair (aka the classic bob) should fall just at your jawline. Try an asymmetrical bob for added drama, or stick to a French-inspired style that makes you look extra sophisticated Hair Length Chart: Medium Hair Shoulder Length Shoulder length cuts are universally flattering (think the lob or a modern shag). These medium length haircuts toethe line between bob and long hair, enabling you to cherry-pick the best elements of both. As an added bonus, it's the perfect middle ground when you're growing out a buzz cut or pixie look. If you opt for a cut with lots of layers, enhance your natural texture with a texturizing spray like Matrix Style Link Texture Builder Messy Finishing Spray. This aerosol spray gives hair frizz protection, airy texture, and hold. Armpit Length If you’re growing out your hair and just passed the awkward stage, you’ve hit armpit length. This medium length haircut is a favorite for girls with textured hair since curls absolutely thrive with a few extra inches. Try armpit length if you're looking to experiment with your styling. If you have curly hair, use a styling product like Mizani True Textures Curl Enhancing Lotion to add definition to your ringlets and enhance your texture. ~ 17 ~ Hair Length Chart: Long Hair What length of hair is considered long? If your strands reach past your shoulders, it’s considered long. You can opt for a mid-back length cut or grow it out to your tailbone for extralong hair. Mid-Back Length Swishing around your hair and pretending you’re an Instagram model as you take selfies? This coveted length is known as mid-back, a real stunner for thick, coarse hair textures. Add a shine serum or a hair oil like Kérastase Elixir Ultime L’Huile Original Hair Oil you’ll really be set for goddess status. This formula is made with five luxurious oils to give your locks intense shine and nourishment. Tailbone Length News flash: You probably won't have ankle-length hair, but long hair that reaches your tailbone is totally doable. If you want to keep your strands strong as you grow them out, pick up the Redken Extreme Length Shampoo and Conditioner With Biotin system. This shampoo and conditioner strengthens damaged hair and helps it grow longer and stronger. ~ 18 ~ Effects on hair of previous chemical services  Chemical reformation ~ 19 ~ Relaxing Texturizing, Curl Reformation or Chemically Straightening the hair refers to softening or altering the disulfide bonds. Disulfide bond are responsible for 70% of the hair's strength and its curl. Lightening agents The most common commercial bleaching agents in use are hydrogen peroxide and persulfate salts, but historically other agents such as sulfuric acid, wood ash, lye and hypochlorite bleach were used. Hair can also become bleached unintentionally, such as through sun exposure Color treatments. Hair colour treatments are for both natural and colour-treated hair. They can be used to deliver pigments onto hair to cover roots and enhance colour or simply to maintain the hair by repairing it, moisturising it and protecting it from colour fade 1.2 Design and degree of relaxation Desired Finished Design and Degree of Relaxation: ~ 20 ~ Now, let's zoom in on the desired finished design and the degree of relaxation of curl or wave. Designing the Curl or Wave: Here's where the artistry truly shines. Based on the client's preferences and the assessment of their hair, the stylist envisions and co-creates the desired finished design. For example, if the client seeks loose, beachy waves, or defined, bouncy curls, the stylist uses their expertise to tailor the design to suit the individual's features and lifestyle. It's akin to a sculptor visualizing the final form of their creation. Degree of Relaxation: The concept of relaxation plays a fascinating role here. When discussing the degree of relaxation of curl or wave, the stylist and client consider how natural, effortless, and easy-to-maintain the chosen style should be. For some, a low-maintenance, casual wave might be the perfect fit for their lifestyle, while others might desire more structured and resilient curls. This consideration ties into how relaxed, carefree, or effortless the client wants their hair to look and feel. It's like customizing a work of art to perfectly resonate with the client's essence. Confirming with the Client: With the design and relaxation preferences established, the final step is to confirm and ensure alignment between the stylist's vision and the client's expectations. This is often achieved through visual aids such as style references or sample colors, as well as clear communication to ensure that both parties are on the same page. It's like the exciting moment in a creative project when the artist and the client see eye to eye on the vision for the finished masterpiece. In essence, this entire process is a beautiful blend of artful design, personalized consultation, and the thoughtful consideration of the desired degree of relaxation. It's a testament to the creativity and connection that unfolds in the world of hairdressing. 1.3 Client history Hair Analysis Outcomes: Historical Hair Analysis Records: ~ 21 ~ The client history includes a record of the client's past hair analyses, revealing valuable insights into their hair's texture, porosity, density, and other characteristics. This historical data provides a foundation for understanding the client's hair needs and guides future styling decisions. Desired Degree of Curl, Volume, or Both: Historical Styling Preferences: An exploration of the client's historical desires for curl, volume, or a blend of both reveals their evolving aesthetic inclinations. Understanding their previous styling preferences allows the stylist to tailor new designs to align with the client's past experiences while potentially introducing variations that resonate with their current desires. Tool and Product Selection: Previous Tool and Product Preferences: A review of the tools and products the client has previously favored or found challenging offers insights into their comfort levels and previous successes. This historical knowledge serves as a canvas for the stylist to curate new tool and product selections, building upon past achievements and potentially introducing beneficial enhancements. Winding Technique: Historical Technique Experiences: Insight into the client's historical experiences with winding techniques and specific styling methods provides guidance for the stylist. This understanding of past successes and challenges informs the selection of new techniques or potential refinements to prior approaches, creating opportunities for fresh, tailored styles. Outcome of Service: Review of Past Styling Outcomes: Examining the historical outcomes of previous hairdressing services provides a roadmap for the stylist. This historical perspective serves as a compass for creating new looks or refining prior styles, ensuring a seamless progression within the client's hairdressing journey. Home Hair Care Products: Review of Client's Historical Hair Care Products: ~ 22 ~ Understanding the historical recommendations and products the client has previously used at home offers a comprehensive view of their hair care journey. This historical insight empowers the stylist to build on past successes and address previous challenges, aligning the home care regimen with the client's evolving needs.  By incorporating the client's hairdressing history into the current styling journey, the hairstylist can create a truly individualized and enriched experience that respects their past, acknowledges their present desires, and builds a trajectory for future hair care success. 1.4. Contra indication to chemical straight Understanding the contraindications to chemical straightening and relaxing is crucial within the hairdressing and beautification industry. These contraindications serve as guiding principles to ensure the safety and well-being of clients undergoing chemical treatments for hair straightening and relaxing. Hair Damage and Breakage: Hair that is already severely damaged or prone to breakage may not be suitable for chemical straightening or relaxing. These treatments can further weaken compromised hair, leading to increased brittleness and breakage, thereby exacerbating existing hair issues. Over-Processed Hair: Hair that has been excessively processed through repeated straightening or relaxing treatments can suffer from significant damage. Continuing to subject already over-processed hair to additional chemical treatments can worsen the condition, making such procedures contraindicated. Previous chemical services Clients who have recently undergone certain hair treatments, such as coloring, perming, or previous straightening procedures, may not be suitable candidates for chemical straightening or relaxing. The cumulative impact of multiple treatments can strain the hair and scalp, increasing the risk of damage Scalp Sensitivity and Irritation/ Abnormal scalp conditions Chemical straightening and relaxing treatments involve potent formulations that can cause irritation and allergic reactions, especially on sensitive scalps. Clients with a history of scalp ~ 23 ~ sensitivity or existing skin conditions may be at risk for adverse reactions, making the treatments unsuitable. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Due to potential safety concerns for the client and their baby, chemical straightening and relaxing treatments are often contraindicated during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. This precaution is in place to avoid exposing the client and their developing child to potentially harmful chemical compounds. Youth and Adolescence: Young individuals, particularly children and adolescents, may be advised against undergoing chemical straightening or relaxing treatments due to the potential impact on developing hair and the scalp. The focus is on preserving the natural health and integrity of the hair during critical growth stages. Medical Conditions and Allergies: Clients with certain medical conditions, including dermatological issues or allergies to specific chemical components commonly found in straightening agents, may be deemed unsuitable candidates for these treatments. The aim is to safeguard their health and well-being by avoiding potential adverse reactions. Resistant hair Due to its stubborn nature, often requires more potent chemical solutions to achieve the desired effect. However, these stronger formulations can significantly increase the risk of damage to the hair structure, potentially leading to dryness, brittleness, and breakage. As a result, individuals with highly resistant hair may be cautioned against undergoing chemical straightening or relaxing to avoid overexposure to harsh treatments. Highly Porous Hair: Characteristics: ~ 24 ~  - Highly porous hair has a high degree of absorbency, often caused by damage or the uneven distribution of cuticle layers. As a result, it quickly absorbs moisture and chemicals, but also struggles to retain them, leading to challenges in maintaining moisture balance and structural integrity. Highly porous hair due to its propensity to rapidly absorb and release chemicals may be more prone to adverse reactions from straightening and relaxing treatments. The increased uptake of chemicals can amplify the risk of over processing and structural damage, potentially leading to hair breakage, excessive dryness, and reduced elasticity. As a result, individuals with highly porous hair may be cautioned against chemical treatments that can exacerbate these issues. Importance of Professional Consultation: Professional consultation for contraindications to chemical hair straightening and relaxing is super important. Here's why: Safety First Chemical hair treatments can have serious implications when not done correctly or when apply to the wrong hair type. Professional consultation ensures that you're aware of any potential risks and contraindications, such as scalp conditions, previous chemical treatments, or certain medical conditions that may make the procedure unsafe. Individualized Assessment A professional consultation allows for a personalized assessment of your hair and scalp health. Factors like hair type; texture, porosity, and previous treatments all play a role in determining whether you're a good candidate for chemical straightening or relaxing. This individualized approach helps in minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. Expert Advice Consulting with professional offers you access to expert advice. A trained stylist can identify any specific concerns related to your hair and scalp, and can recommend suitable alternatives in case chemical treatments are not advisable for you. Understanding Risks and Alternatives ~ 25 ~ During a professional consultation, you can discuss the potential risks associated with the treatment, as well as explore alternative options that may be better suited to your unique hair needs. This might include non-chemical straightening techniques or natural relaxants that can achieve similar results without the potential drawbacks of chemical treatments. A Focus on Education Consultation with a professional stylist or trichologist allows for an educational experience. They can explain the process, post-treatment care, and any potential side effects. This empowers you with the knowledge needed to make an informed decision about the best course of action for your hair. Long-Term Hair Health Professional consultation emphasizes long-term hair health. The aim is not just immediate cosmetic changes, but also to ensure that your hair remains healthy and vibrant in the long run. Professionals can advise on sustainable hair care practices and the best ways to maintain your hair's condition after the treatment. Always remember, your hair is unique, and what works for someone else might not necessarily work for you. That’s why a professional's advice tailored to your specific hair needs is invaluable. So, before going forward with any chemical treatments, it's best to consult with a professional to ensure a safe and satisfactory experience. ~ 26 ~ Self-Check 1 Directions: Answer all the questions listed below 1. Question: "How would you describe your hair type—straight, wavy, curly, or tightly coiled—and its overall texture?" 2. Question: "Do you have any specific concerns related to your hair's condition, such as dryness, frizz, or damage from previous treatments?" 3. Question: "What specific outcome are you looking for in terms of hair relaxation—subtle loosening of curls, significant straightening, or something in between? 4. Question: "Are there particular areas of your hair where you would like to focus on a more intensive relaxing effect or areas where you would like to preserve more natural texture? 5. Question: "Have you had any chemical hair treatments, perms, or relaxers in the past? If so, when was the last treatment and what were the results? 6. Question: "Have you experienced any notable changes in your hair's health, such as excessive dryness, breakage, or scalp sensitivity, since your last chemical treatment? ~ 27 ~ Operation sheet unit one Title : consult client 1. Hair Type and Condition: Assess the client's hair type (straight, wavy, curly, etc.) and condition (damaged, healthy, etc.) This will help determine the appropriate chemical straightening treatment and the potential outcomes. 2. Design and Degree of Relaxation: Discuss with the client the desired end result, including the level of straightness or relaxation they want to achieve. Consider factors like how straight they want their hair, how long they want the results to last, etc. 3. Client History: Inquire about any previous chemical treatments the client has had, such as relaxers, perms, or color treatments. This information can help identify potential issues or concerns. ~ 28 ~ 4. Contraindications to Chemical Straightening: Identify any factors that may make chemical straightening unsuitable for the client. This could include allergies to certain products, scalp conditions, recent hair damage, or sensitivity issues. It's crucial to prioritize the client's safety and well- being. When creating a structural operation sheet, you should include sections for each of these elements. Additionally, make sure to leave space for notes and any specific information related to the client's hair and preferences. This will allow you and your team to have a comprehensive understanding of the client's needs and provide them with the most appropriate and effective service. Unit two: Reform products and equipment This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the following content coverage and topics:  Personal precautions  Chemical straighten and relax  Product instruction and salon procedure  Product instruction safety, data and salon procedures  Paste disposal throughout the service This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page. Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to: ~ 29 ~ Introduction Selecting Reforming Products: When it comes to chemical texturizing, the selection of products is crucial. Different types of reforming products, such as relaxers, perms, or texturizers, are designed for specific hair types and desired results. Here are some key points to consider: Hair Analysis: Before selecting a reforming product, it's important to perform a thorough analysis of the client's hair. Understanding the hair's texture, density, porosity, and previous chemically treated areas helps in choosing the most suitable product. Product Formulation: Different reforming products contain varying levels of active ingredients, such as thioglycolic acid for perms or sodium hydroxide for relaxers. Understanding the formulation and its effects on the hair's structure is vital in preventing damage and achieving the desired outcome. ~ 30 ~ Client Consultation: Effective communication with the client is essential. Understanding their desired look, hair history, and any current hair conditions or sensitivities ensures the selection of a product that aligns with their expectations and avoids potential adverse reactions 2.1 Personal precautions Wearing Operator Protective Gloves When Winding Hair and Applying Solution: Importance of Protective Gloves: When applying a chemical solution for perms or relaxers, the operator's hands come into direct contact with the reformation chemicals. These chemicals, such as perming or relaxing solutions, often contain strong alkaline or acidic components, which can cause skin irritation or burns upon contact. Type of Gloves: The choice of gloves is essential. Nitrile gloves are commonly recommended for working with chemical substances. They provide a strong barrier to protect the skin from contact with the reformation chemicals and are resistant to punctures, tears, and chemicals, making them ideal for this purpose. Proper Technique: Operators should be trained in the proper technique for wearing and removing gloves to avoid any accidental exposure. It's important to ensure that the gloves fit well and cover not only the hands but also any exposed portions of the arms to prevent direct contact with the chemicals. ~ 31 ~ Wearing Operator Protective Gloves When Applying Neutralizer: Continuing Protection: After the initial application of the reformation chemicals, the hair then undergoes the neutralization process. During this stage, it's equally important for the operator to wear protective gloves to prevent skin contact with the neutralizing solution. Neutralizers and Skin Contact: Neutralizers, whether acidic or containing oxidizing agents, can also cause skin irritation and should be handled with the same level of care as the initial reformation chemicals. Wearing Operator Protective Moisturizer on Hands and Lower Arms: Importance of Moisturizer: In addition to wearing protective gloves, applying a protective moisturizer on the hands and lower arms can provide an additional layer of defense against potential chemical exposure. A suitable moisturizer can act as a barrier, providing added protection for the skin. Moisturizer Selection: Operators should opt for a moisturizer specifically designed for barrier protection, offering resistance to chemicals and irritants. The moisturizer should be applied prior to the procedure, acting as a preventive measure against any accidental contact with the reformation chemicals. Additional Considerations: It's also important to note that maintaining a clean work environment, proper ventilation, and regular skin checks for any signs of irritation or skin sensitivities are part of the overall precautions to prevent operator skin reactions to reformation chemicals. Training and Safety Measures: Proper education and training for all practitioners involved in chemical reformation processes are integral to understanding the potential risks and implementing the necessary safety measures. ~ 32 ~ Training should emphasize the importance of personal protective equipment, proper handling of chemicals, and emergency procedures in the event of accidental exposure. By meticulously adhering to these personal precautions, operators can significantly minimize the risk of skin reactions and ensure a safe working environment. Always remember, safety is a top priority, and these precautions play a pivotal role in maintaining the well-being of operators in the beauty care industry. 2.2Chemical straighten and relax Chemical straightening and relaxing products are carefully chosen based on the hair analysis and the desired outcome of the relaxation process. Hair analysis involves assessing the current condition of the hair, including its texture, porosity, and any previous chemical treatments. This information helps determine the best products to use and the appropriate technique for achieving the desired result. The predetermined relaxation result refers to the specific outcome that the client wants to achieve, whether it's straightening curly hair or reducing frizz and volume. The products selected will be tailored to meet these specific goals, ensuring that the hair is effectively relaxed without causing damage or compromising its overall health. It's important to consider the individual needs of each client when selecting chemical straightening and relaxing products. Factors such as hair type, previous treatments, and overall hair health must be taken into account to ensure a successful and safe relaxation process. By carefully analyzing the hair and choosing the right products, stylists can achieve the desired result while minimizing potential damage and maintaining the integrity of the hair. Pre-process shampoos: These shampoos are designed to prepare the hair for the chemical straightening or relaxing process by removing any build-up, oils, and impurities from the hair. They help to create a clean and receptive surface for the relaxing products to work effectively. ~ 33 ~ Pre-process softeners: Softeners are used to prepare the hair for the chemical straightening process by softening and conditioning the hair. This helps to minimize damage and breakage during the relaxing process. Pre and post process fillers and conditioning products: Fillers and conditioning products are used to fill in any gaps or damage in the hair shaft before the relaxing process. They also help to condition and strengthen the hair after the process to restore moisture and prevent further damage. Curl relaxers for chemically treated hair: These products are specifically formulated to relax and straighten chemically treated hair, such as hair that has been previously colored or permed. They work to soften the curl pattern and reduce frizz, creating a smoother and more manageable texture. Hair straightness for untreated naturally curly or wavy hair: Products for untreated naturally curly or wavy hair are designed to effectively straighten the hair without causing damage. They work to loosen the natural curl pattern and create a sleek, straight look. Hair straightness for strong or resistant natural curls: For strong or resistant natural curls, stronger straightening products may be used to effectively relax the curl pattern and achieve a straighter look. These products are formulated to work on stubborn curls while minimizing damage to the hair. Neutralisers: Neutralisers are used after the relaxing process to stabilize the hair's pH balance and lock in the straightened or relaxed state. They help to ensure that the hair remains in its new shape and texture. Post process care and styling products: After the relaxing process, it's important to use post-process care and styling products to maintain the health and integrity of the hair. These products may include deep conditioning treatments, leave-in conditioners, heat protectants, and styling products designed to enhance and maintain the straightened or relaxed look. ~ 34 ~ 2.3 Chemical straightening tools and methods When selecting chemical straightening tools and methods, it is important to carefully follow the product instructions and salon procedures to ensure the best results and minimize the risk of damage to the hair. This includes: 1. Reading and understanding the product instructions: Before beginning the chemical straightening process, it is crucial to thoroughly read and understand the product instructions. This includes the recommended application techniques, processing times, and any safety precautions or warnings. 2. Conducting a strand test: Prior to applying the chemical straightening products to the entire head of hair, a strand test should be conducted to assess the hair's reaction to the products. This helps to determine the appropriate processing time and ensures that the hair can withstand the treatment without excessive damage. 3. Choosing the appropriate strength of products: Different hair types require different strengths of chemical straightening products. It is important to select the appropriate strength based on the client's hair texture, condition, and previous chemical treatments. 4. Using the correct tools and equipment: The use of professional-grade tools and equipment, such as applicator brushes, mixing bowls, and protective gloves, is essential for applying chemical straightening products accurately and safely. 5. Following salon procedures: Salon procedures for chemical straightening should be followed meticulously to ensure consistency and quality in the treatment process. This includes proper sectioning of the hair, application techniques, and processing times. ~ 35 ~ 6. Monitoring the hair during processing: Throughout the chemical straightening process, it is important to closely monitor the hair to ensure that it is processing evenly and without any adverse reactions. This may involve checking for signs of over- processing or irritation. 7. Rinsing and neutralizing the hair: After the processing time is complete, it is crucial to thoroughly rinse the hair to remove all traces of the chemical straightening products. This should be followed by neutralizing the hair to stabilize its pH balance and lock in the straightened state. By following these detailed steps and adhering to product instructions and salon procedures, chemical straightening can be performed effectively and safely, resulting in smooth, straightened hair with minimal damage. Medium-toothed combs with even edges are essential tools for detangling and sectioning the hair during the chemical straightening process. These combs help to evenly distribute the straightening product and ensure that each section of hair is properly treated. Straightening boards are flat, smooth surfaces that are used to support the hair during the chemical straightening process. They provide a stable base for applying the straightening product and help to keep the hair in place during application. Fingers are also used as tools during the chemical straightening process, particularly when applying the straightening product and working it through the hair. Fingers allow for a more tactile and controlled application, ensuring that the product is evenly distributed and that all sections of the hair are covered. Thermostatically-controlled ceramic flat irons are used to seal the straightening product into the hair and create a smooth, straight finish. These flat irons provide even heat distribution and precise temperature control, which is important for minimizing heat damage to the hair during the straightening process. Overall, these tools and methods are carefully selected and used in accordance with product instructions and salon procedures to ensure safe and effective chemical straightening results while minimizing the risk of damage to the hair. ~ 36 ~  2.4. Product instruction safety, data and salon procedures Pre-Service Analysis: Before starting any salon procedure, a thorough analysis is conducted to assess the client's needs. This ensures that only the necessary procedures are performed, minimizing unnecessary water and product usage. Efficient Product Dispensing: Salon professionals are trained to use the right amount of product required for each service. They carefully measure and dispense the products to avoid excessive usage and waste. Proper Product Application: Salon professionals are skilled in applying products efficiently. They ensure even distribution and minimize product wastage by using appropriate techniques and tools. Recycling and Reusing: Salons have implemented recycling programs where possible. Empty product containers, packaging materials, and other recyclable items are separated and sent for recycling. Additionally, some salons reuse certain items such as towels, capes, or hair foils after proper sanitization. Monitoring and Auditing: Salon owners and managers regularly monitor and audit their operations to identify areas where water and product waste can be further reduced. They implement corrective measures and train their staff accordingly.  By implementing these procedures, salons can significantly minimize water and product waste throughout their services, contributing to a greener and more sustainable environment. Client comfort and safety: -Applying gown or wrap and towels to protect client clothes: Before beginning any winding, processing, or neutralizing treatment, it is important to protect the ~ 37 ~ client's clothing by providing them with a gown or wrap and using towels to cover any exposed areas. - Applying protective or barrier creams to client face or neckline areas: When applying products to the hair, it is essential to use protective creams to shield the client's face and neckline from potential irritation or staining. - Avoiding contact with client or operator’s eyes: It is crucial to be mindful of the proximity of products and tools to the client's eyes and the operator's eyes to prevent any accidental contact that could cause discomfort or injury. - Avoiding inhalation of fumes whilst applying product: Operators should take precautions to minimize exposure to potentially harmful fumes during the application of products, such as using proper ventilation or wearing protective masks. Salon procedure: - Client comfort and safety: This refers to ensuring that clients are comfortable and safe throughout the entire process, from the initial winding or processing stage to the neutralizing stage. This includes taking measures to protect their skin and clothing, as well as ensuring that they are not exposed to any harmful fumes. - Operator safety: It is important to also consider the safety of the salon staff carrying out the treatment, including providing them with proper protective equipment and training to minimize any potential risks. - Procedures that comply with state or territory and local government health regulations relevant to the service: The salon must adhere to all health regulations and guidelines set forth by the state or local government to ensure that the services provided are safe and compliant with industry standards. - Environmental protection practices: This includes implementing practices to minimize waste, properly dispose of any waste generated during the treatment process, and promote water efficiency within the salon. These measures contribute to overall environmental protection and sustainability. ~ 38 ~  2.5. Paste disposal throughout the service Residual perm solution: To minimize water and product waste when dealing with residual perm solution, it is important to carefully measure and mix the solution according to the manufacturer's instructions to avoid any excess product. Additionally, any leftover solution should be properly disposed of according to local regulations to prevent environmental contamination. Operators should also be trained to use the appropriate amount of solution for each client to minimize waste. Residual neutralizer: Similar to residual perm solution, residual neutralizer should be carefully measured and mixed to avoid excess product. Any leftover neutralizer should also be disposed of properly to prevent environmental harm. Operators should be trained to use the correct amount of neutralizer for each client to minimize waste. End papers: End papers are used to protect the ends of the hair during the perming process. To minimize waste, operators should only use the necessary amount of end papers for each client, avoiding excessive use. Additionally, any used end papers should be disposed of properly to prevent environmental impact. Training and education for salon staff on proper end paper usage can help minimize waste in this area. Water usage: To minimize water waste, operators should be trained to use water efficiently during the perming process. This can include using spray bottles or other water-saving techniques to dampen the hair, as well as ensuring that water is not left running unnecessarily. Additionally, any water used for rinsing should be used sparingly and not wasted. Product usage: Operators should be trained to use the appropriate amount of perming solution, neutralizer, and other products to minimize waste. This can include measuring out the necessary amount of product and avoiding overuse. Additionally, any leftover product should be properly stored and used for future clients if possible, rather than being discarded. Packaging and recycling: Salons can minimize waste by choosing products with minimal packaging or packaging that is recyclable. Additionally, any recyclable materials used in the salon should be properly sorted and recycled to reduce environmental impact. ~ 39 ~ Education and training: Providing education and training to salon staff on the importance of minimizing waste and proper waste disposal can help ensure that these practices are consistently followed. This can include regular reminders and updates on best practices for minimizing waste in the salon. Compliance with regulations: It is important for salons to be aware of and comply with local regulations regarding waste disposal, recycling, and environmental impact. This can help prevent any potential harm to the environment and ensure that the salon is operating in a responsible and sustainable manner. ~ 40 ~ Self-Check 2 Directions: Answer all the questions listed below 1 Question: "What personal precautions are typically recommended for clients before undergoing a chemical hair straightening or relaxing treatment? 2 Question: "Can you explain the key differences between chemical hair straightening and relaxing treatments and how these processes affect the hair differently?" 3 Question: "What specific product instructions and salon procedures should be followed when applying chemical straightening or relaxing products to ensure optimal and safe results?" 4 Question: "How do professionals ensure the safety and efficacy of chemical straightening and relaxing products, considering key safety data and the salon's specific procedures?" 5 Question: "What are the best practices for disposal of pastes and chemical byproducts during each stage of the straightening or relaxing service, ensuring environmental safety and regulatory compliance?" Operation sheet Unit two ~ 41 ~ 1. Unit Overview: - Title: Reform Products and Equipment - Purpose: To gain knowledge and understanding of personal precautions, chemical straightening and relaxing, product instructions and salon procedures, product instruction safety, data and salon procedures, and paste disposal throughout the service. - Unit Duration: 2. Learning Objectives: - Understand the importance of personal precautions in a salon environment. - Demonstrate the proper techniques and procedures for chemical straightening and relaxing. - Follow product instructions and salon procedures to ensure safe and effective use of products. - Evaluate and analyze product instruction safety, data, and salon procedures to make informed decisions. - Implement appropriate paste disposal methods throughout the service. 3. Lesson Plan: - Lesson 1: Personal Precautions - Introduction to personal protective equipment (PPE) and its significance. - Demonstrating proper usage of PPE during salon procedures. - Discussing safety protocols to minimize risks and accidents. Lesson 2: Chemical Straightening and Relaxing - Overview of different chemical straightening and relaxing techniques. - Step-by-step instructions for performing chemical straightening and relaxing procedures. - Emphasizing the importance of strand tests and product compatibility checks. Lesson 3: Product Instructions and Salon Procedures ~ 42 ~  - Explain how to read and interpret product instructions correctly. - Discuss the importance of following salon procedures for product application. - Role-playing scenarios to practice following correct salon procedures. Lesson 4: Product Instruction Safety, Data, and Salon Procedures - Analyzing product safety information and data sheets. - Identifying potential risks and hazards associated with salon procedures. - Discussing strategies to minimize risks and ensure client safety. Lesson 5: Paste Disposal throughout the Service - Educating on the appropriate disposal methods for pastes and chemical residues. - Demonstrating how to handle and dispose of waste safely and responsibly. - Promoting eco-friendly practices for waste management. Unit three: Rinse and neutralize hair ~ 43 ~ This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the following content coverage and topics: 3.1 Rinse 3.2 Neutral chemical products 3.3 Product instruction This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page. Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to: 3.1 Rinse ~ 44 ~ Thorough and even rinsing of the hair using tepid water to remove residual perm solution is a critical step in the perm process. Let's delve into the comprehensive information surrounding this topic. Importance of Thorough Rinsing: Rinsing the hair thoroughly is vital to ensure that all residual perm solution is completely removed from the hair. Residual perm solution can continue to process the hair, leading to over- processing, damage, and potential scalp irritation if not rinsed out effectively. Tepid Water and Its Significance: Tepid water, which refers to water that is neither too hot nor too cold, is the ideal choice for rinsing hair after a perm. Using tepid water helps to effectively remove residual perm solution without causing unnecessary stress to the hair or discomfort to the client. Steps for Thorough and Even Rinsing: 1. Sectioning of Hair: Before rinsing, it's beneficial to section the hair to ensure thorough coverage of each area. This helps in preventing areas of the hair from being missed during the rinsing process. 2. Initial Rinsing: The hair should be initially rinsed to remove the majority of the perm solution. This helps in preparing the hair for the subsequent thorough rinsing process. 3. Even Application: While rinsing, it's essential to ensure even application of tepid water throughout the hair. This can be achieved by using a gentle showerhead or handheld sprayer, allowing the water to evenly coat the entire head of hair. 4. Assessing Excess Solution: During the rinse, particular attention should be given to assessing and removing any excess solution from the hair. Bail age and blotting techniques can be used to gently squeeze out excess liquid. 5. Checking for Residue: After the initial rinse, a careful check should be made to ensure no visible traces of the perm solution remain on the hair. Thorough inspection, especially in areas where the solution may have concentrated, such as the nape and around the ears, is crucial. ~ 45 ~ Precautions to Take During Rinsing: - Protecting the Client's Skin: Care should be taken to prevent perm solution from coming into contact with the client's skin or eyes during the rinsing process. Using protective barriers, such as cotton or barrier cream ensures the client's comfort and safety. - Avoiding High Water Pressure: Excessive water pressure can lead to tangles, disruptions in the curl pattern, and additional stress on the hair strands. Using a gentle water flow is essential to prevent these issues. Post-Rinse Care: After the thorough rinsing process, it's important to follow up with the appropriate post-perm care, such as applying a neutralizing solution if required, followed by conditioning the hair to restore moisture and balance the pH levels of the hair and scalp. Client Education: Clients should be educated about the importance of proper rinsing to ensure they understand the care taken to prevent any discomfort and to achieve optimal results. By following these comprehensive steps, and ensuring attention to detail during the rinsing process, hairdressers and beauty care professionals can maintain the health and integrity of their clients' hair after a perm procedure. 3.2 Neutral chemical products Selecting neutralizing products that complement the reformation chemicals used in the hair is crucial for achieving the best results and maintaining hair health. Let's dive into comprehensive information related to this topic. ~ 46 ~ Understanding Neutralizing Products: Neutralizing products play a pivotal role in the chemical reformation process, whether it involves perms, relaxers, or other texturizing treatments. These products are designed to halt the chemical process, rebalance the hair's pH, and ensure the hair returns to a neutral state after the reformation chemicals have been applied. Matching Neutralizer to Reformation Chemicals: PH Level Matching: The selected neutralizing product should align with the pH levels and chemical composition of the perm or relaxer used. This ensures that the neutralizer effectively counters the active ingredients of the reformation chemicals and stabilizes the hair's structure. Understanding Chemical Interactions: Different types of reformation chemicals, such as thioglycolic acid for perms or sodium hydroxide for relaxers, require specific neutralizing agents to effectively deactivate their action on the hair. Understanding the chemical interactions and how neutralizers work to counteract these reformation chemicals is crucial. Types of Neutralizing Products: Acidic Neutralizers: For alkaline-based reformation chemicals, acidic neutralizers are commonly used. These products work to neutralize the alkaline residue left on the hair after a perm or relaxer, helping to close the cuticle and restore the hair's natural pH balance. Alkaline Neutralizers: Conversely, for acidic-based reformation chemicals, alkaline neutralizers are employed. These neutralizers aid in reversing the effects of acidic treatments, such as perms, by restoring the hair's pH and preventing any residual chemical activity. ~ 47 ~ Application Techniques: Timing and Application: The correct timing and application of the neutralizing product are essential. It's crucial to follow manufacturer guidelines and industry best practices to ensure the neutralizer effectively counteracts the reformation chemicals without over-processing or damaging the hair. Even Distribution: To achieve uniform results, the neutralizing product should be evenly distributed throughout the hair. Careful attention to thorough coverage and appropriate saturation of the hair ensures consistent neutralization and helps prevent potential patchy or uneven results. Importance of Professional Expertise: Selecting and applying the correct neutralizing product is a task that requires comprehensive knowledge and expertise. Professional training and a deep understanding of the chemical processes involved in hair reformation are essential for making informed decisions about the selection and application of neutralizing products. Post-Treatment Care: After the neutralizing process, it's important to follow up with appropriate post-treatment care, including conditioning and moisturizing the hair to restore its integrity and support its natural texture. By carefully considering the matching of neutralizing products to the specific reformation chemicals applied, professionals in the beauty care industry can ensure that clients achieve optimal results from their chemical reformation treatments while maintaining the health and condition of their hair. 3.3 Product instruction Liquids and Creams for Nozzle Application: Nozzle Application Products: ~ 48 ~ Liquids and creams designed for nozzle application play a significant role in ensuring precise and controlled distribution of the neutralizing product across the hair. Key Considerations: - Precision Application: Nozzle application products enable targeted and precise application of the neutralizing solution to specific areas of the hair. This is particularly beneficial when addressing different levels of curl, texture, or processing needs across the hair. - Even Coverage: The use of liquids and creams with a nozzle applicator helps in achieving even coverage, ensuring that the neutralizing product reaches all areas of the hair, including difficult-to-reach sections, without oversaturation. - Minimizing Waste: Nozzle applicators aid in minimizing product waste by allowing the stylist to control the amount of product dispensed, resulting in efficient use of the neutralizing solution. - Reducing Dripping: The controlled application provided by nozzle applicators reduces the likelihood of excess product dripping onto the client's skin or causing unnecessary mess during the neutralizing process. Foaming Neutralizers: Benefits of Foaming Neutralizers: Enhanced Coverage: Foaming neutralizing products are known for their ability to expand and cover the hair more uniformly, reaching areas that might be challenging to access with traditional liquid or cream formulations. - Visual Confirmation: The foaming action of these products provides a visual indicator of coverage, making it easier to ensure that all areas of the hair receive the necessary neutralizing treatment. - Comfortable Application: Foaming neutralizers often provide a more comfortable application experience for the client, as the foam can help to cushion the hair and scalp during the neutralization process. ~ 49 ~ - Versatile Application: With their ability to expand and spread, foaming neutralizers are especially useful for thicker or coarser hair types, as well as for more complex hair textures, allowing for a more adaptable application process. Following Product Instructions: Regardless of the type of neutralizing product used, it's imperative to closely follow the specific product instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ensures that the product is being used in the most effective and safe manner. Product-Specific Guidelines: - Application Time: Different products may have varying recommended application times for optimal neutralization. Following the prescribed timings is essential to achieve the desired results without over-processing the hair. - Technique Recommendations: Manufacturers often provide guidelines regarding the technique for applying their specific neutralizing products. These instructions may include details about saturation levels, application methods, and any specific considerations based on the product's formulation. - Post-Treatment Recommendations: It's important to pay attention to any post- treatment care suggestions provided by the manufacturer. This may include recommendations for rinsing, conditioning, and additional steps to support the hair's health after the neutralizing process. By carefully considering the specific properties and application techniques associated with liquids and creams for nozzle application, as well as foaming neutralizers, professionals in the beauty care industry can optimize the neutralizing process to ensure the best possible outcomes for their clients. Self-Check 3 Directions: Answer all the questions listed below 1-Question: "What are the essential steps for ensuring a thorough and effective rinsing process after a chemical treatment? 2 Question: "How does the rinse process contribute to the overall safety and success of chemical treatments, and what precautions should be taken to ensure a client's comfort and hair health ~ 50 ~ 3 Question: "What are the primary functions and benefits of neutral chemical products in the context of hair treatments, and how do they contribute to post- treatment hair health and maintenance?" 4 Question: "Can you describe the specific differences in application techniques and considerations when using neutral chemical products for different types of chemical treatments, such as perms, relaxers, or texturizers? 5 Question: "What are the crucial aspects of adhering to product instructions when using chemical treatments and neutralizing products, and how does this adherence contribute to service quality and client safety?" 6 Question: "How do professionals stay informed about the latest product instructions and industry best practices, ensuring they are providing the most effective and up-to-date services to clients?" Operation sheet unit three Title: Rinse and neutralize hair 1. Rinse: After applying chemical products to the hair (such as hair dye or perm solution), it's important to thoroughly rinse the hair to remove any excess product. This helps to prevent further chemical reactions and minimize potential damage. - Start by using lukewarm water to wet the hair. Avoid using hot water as it can strip the hair of natural oils and cause damage. - Gently massage the scalp and hair to ensure that all areas are properly rinsed. ~ 51 ~ - Continue rinsing until the water runs clear and there are no traces of the chemical product left in the hair. - Be thorough and take your time while rinsing to ensure complete removal of the chemicals. 2. Neutralize: After rinsing, it's important to neutralize the hair to restore its natural pH balance and stop any chemical processes that might still be occurring. The specific neutralizing product will depend on the chemicals used in the initial treatment. - Consult the product instructions or the advice of your stylist for the appropriate neutralizing product to use. - Apply the neutralizer evenly to the hair, making sure to saturate all areas that have been treated. - Leave the neutralizer on for the recommended time specified in the product instructions. - Rinse the hair thoroughly once again to remove the neutralizing product. Remember, these are general guidelines, and it's essential to follow the specific instructions provided by the product manufacturer or your stylist for the best results and to ensure the safety of your hair. Unit four: Service and home care advice ~ 52 ~ This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the following content coverage and topics:  Expectation and client satisfaction  Home hair care products  Client history This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page. Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to: introduction Service and home care advice ~ 53 ~ Providing service and home care advice to clients following a chemical reformation treatment is essential for maintaining the health, integrity, and longevity of their hair. Here's a comprehensive overview of the key points to cover: Service Advice: 1. Post-Treatment Inspection: After the neutralizing process, it's important to conduct a thorough inspection to ensure that the hair has been effectively neutralized and to identify any areas that might require further attention. 2. Conditioning Treatment: Recommend and provide a nourishing conditioning treatment as part of the service to restore moisture and balance the pH levels of the hair after the chemical reformation process. 3. Trimming and Styling: Offer professional recommendations for hair trimming or styling to provide clients with options for managing any changes in hair texture or addressing potential damage from previous chemical treatments. 4. Future Maintenance: Discuss future maintenance appointments to assess the hair's condition, monitor any changes, and provide ongoing care for the treated hair. 5. Client Education: Take the time to educate clients about the importance of post- treatment care and the best practices for maintaining healthy and vibrant hair between salon visits. Home Care Advice: 1. Gentle Handling: Encourage clients to handle their hair gently, especially in the days following the treatment. This includes using wide-tooth combs, avoiding tight hairstyles, and minimizing heat styling. 2. Use of Sulfate-Free Shampoos: Recommend the use of sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners to prevent the stripping of natural oils and to maintain the hair's moisture balance. 3. Regular Conditioning: Emphasize the importance of regular conditioning to keep the hair nourished and to prevent dryness or frizziness, especially after a chemical reformation treatment. ~ 54 ~ 4. Avoiding over processing: Advice clients to refrain from over processing their hair with additional chemical treatments, excessive heat styling, or other harsh practices that could compromise the hair's integrity. 5. Protective Styling: Suggest protective styling techniques to minimize exposure to environmental stressors and reduce manipulation of the hair, such as braiding or using satin/silk hair coverings during sleep. 6. Professional Check-Ins: Encourage clients to schedule follow-up appointments for professional assessments and to address any concerns about the effects of the reformation treatment on their hair. Recommended Products: Provide specific recommendations for at-home products, such as leave-in conditioners, moisturizing masks, and heat protectants, to support the hair's health and manage the effects of the chemical reformation treatment. Additional Considerations: - Customized Advice: Tailor home care advice based on the client's specific hair type, texture, and the nature of the chemical reformation treatment they have undergone. - Encouraging Patience: Remind clients that the effects of a chemical reformation treatment may take time to fully settle, and that patience and consistent care are key to achieving the best long-term results. 4.1 Expectation and client satisfaction By addressing service and home care advice comprehensively, beauty professionals can empower their clients with the knowledge and tools necessary to maintain the health and beauty of their hair following a chemical reformation treatment. Reviewing the outcomes of a service against established client expectations and confirming client satisfaction is a critical part of providing high-quality hair care services. Let's dive into a comprehensive look at this process: Importance of Reviewing Outcomes: ~ 55 ~ 1. Quality Assurance: Reviewing outcomes against client expectations ensures that the service provided meets industry standards and aligns with what the client anticipated. 2. Client Retention: Confirming client satisfaction is crucial for fostering long-term relationships. Satisfied clients are more likely to return for future services and to recommend the salon to others. 3. Professional Development: Understanding client feedback helps hair care professionals identify areas where they excel and areas that may benefit from improvement or further training. Steps in Reviewing Outcomes: 1. Client Consultation: Revisit the initial consultation to remind yourself of the client's specific goals, concerns, and any unique considerations related to their hair. 2. Visual Assessment: Conduct a thorough visual assessment of the client's hair to evaluate the results of the service. This allows you to compare the actual outcome with the client's initial expectations. 3. Communication with the Client: Engage in open and transparent communication with the client. Discuss the results of the service, including any challenges encountered and how they were addressed during the process. 4. Feedback and Confirmation: Request feedback directly from the client about their satisfaction with the results. This can be done through informal conversation or by utilizing feedback forms or surveys. Addressing Client Satisfaction: 1. Understanding Concerns: If the client expresses any concerns or is dissatisfied with the outcome, take the time to understand their perspective and address their concerns with empathy and professionalism. 2. Offering Solutions: If necessary, propose solutions to any areas where the client's expectations may not have been fully met. This might involve scheduling a follow-up appointment, providing additional tips for at-home care, or offering a complementary service. ~ 56 ~ 3. Celebrating Success: In the case of positive feedback and a satisfied client, celebrate the success by acknowledging the achievement and expressing gratitude for their trust in your expertise. Client Satisfaction Confirmation: 1. Clear Confirmation: Before the client leaves, confirm their satisfaction with the service provided. This clear confirmation helps to ensure that the client's expectations have been met or exceeded. 2. Follow-up Communication: If there are outstanding issues or if the client has requested additional information or follow-up care, communicate a plan for addressing these matters and schedule any necessary follow-up appointments. 3. Requesting Testimonials: For satisfied clients, consider asking for a testimonial or a referral. Positive testimonials and word-of-mouth referrals can help build the salon's reputation and attract new clientele. Continuous Improvement: 1. Learning from Feedback: Use client feedback—both positive and constructive—to inform ongoing education and skill development, as well as to refine service delivery processes. 2. Staying Aligned with Industry Trends: Regularly review and update practices to ensure they align with the latest industry trends, client preferences, and hair care best practices. By thoroughly reviewing outcomes against client expectations and confirming client satisfaction, hair care professionals can build trust, improve their services, and maintain a high level of client satisfaction, ultimately contributing to the success of their business endeavors. 4.2 Home hair care products When it comes to offering home hair care product recommendations and after-service maintenance advice to clients, it's all about empowering them to maintain the health and beauty of their hair between salon visits. Let's take a comprehensive look at this crucial aspect of client care: Home Hair Care Product Recommendations: ~ 57 ~ 1. Product Selection: Recommend specific home hair care products tailored to the client's hair type, texture, and any specific needs identified during the service. This may include shampoos, conditioners, leave-in treatments, and styling products. 2. Understanding the Products: Educate the client about the benefits and proper usage of the recommended products, emphasizing how they can support the maintenance of the hair's condition and the longevity of the service provided. 3. Brand and Ingredient Knowledge: Provide information about the brands and ingredients within the recommended products, highlighting how they address the client's hair concerns and contribute to their overall hair health. 4. At-Home Treatment Options: Offer suggestions for at-home treatments that can complement the professional service, such as moisturizing masks, scalp treatments, or products designed to preserve the treatment's effects. After-Service Maintenance Advice: 1. Post-Treatment Care Guidelines: Provide detailed guidance on caring for the hair after the service, including specific instructions on washing, conditioning, and styling to maintain the best results. 2. Heat Styling and Tools: Offer advice on using heat styling tools and techniques, including the importance of heat protectants and minimizing excessive heat exposure to preserve the integrity of the treated hair. 3. Avoiding over processing: Advice clients to refrain from over processing their hair with additional chemical treatments, excessive heat styling, or other harsh practices that could compromise the results of the service. 4. Handling and Styling Tips: Provide tips on gentle hair handling, appropriate styling techniques, and protective styling options to minimize stress and maintain the longevity of the service. 5. Client Education: Explain the importance of following post-service maintenance advice, ensuring the client understands the role they play in preserving the quality of the service provided. Maintenance Schedules and Check-Ins: ~ 58 ~ 1. Scheduling Follow-Up Appointments: Discuss the ideal frequency for maintenance appointments or check-ins based on the service provided and the client's hair care needs. 2. Continued Support: Reassure the client that they can reach out for guidance, additional product recommendations, or any concerns they may have about maintaining their hair health. 3. Client Empowerment: Encourage clients to engage in ongoing self-care, offering the right resources and knowledge to manage their hair outside of the salon. Customized Advice: Tailor all recommendations and maintenance advice to the client's unique needs and lifestyle, ensuring that the guidance provided is practical and achievable for them. By offering personalized home hair care product recommendations and after-service maintenance advice, beauty care professionals can equip their clients with the tools and knowledge they need to care for their hair effectively between salon visits, ultimately contributing to the long-term health and beauty of their hair. 4.3 Client history Updating client history to include product selection, technique, outcomes of service, and home hair care products purchased is a valuable practice that contributes to delivering personalized and effective hair care services. Let's dive into the comprehensive approach and benefits of this process: Client History Update: 1. Product Selection Records: Document the specific products recommended to the client, including details such as brand, type (e.g., shampoo, conditioner, treatment), and the reasons behind their selection based on the client's hair type, condition, and service provided. 2. Service Technique and Outcome Details: Record the specific techniques used during the service, such as application methods, treatment durations, and any unique modifications. Additionally, document the immediate and expected outcomes of the service as discussed with the client. 3. Home Hair Care Products Purchased: Keep a record of the exact home hair care products the client has purchased, including quantities and dates, to track their at-home regimen and provide tailored follow-up recommendations. ~ 59 ~ Benefits of Updated Client History: 1. Personalized Care: Having a comprehensive client history allows for a personalized approach to subsequent appointments, ensuring that services and product recommendations are tailored to the client's unique needs and past experiences. 2. Consistency in Service: By maintaining a detailed client history, salon professionals can maintain consistency in the application of techniques and products, leading to predictable and reliable service outcomes. 3. Progress Tracking: Over time, an updated client history allows for tracking the progress of the client's hair health, including any changes in texture, condition, or response to various products and treatments. 4. Enhanced Consultations: During subsequent appointments, the updated client history facilitates informed discussions with the client about their service and product preferences, providing continuity and enabling ongoing improvements. Application in Future Services: 1. Informed Product Recommendations: Utilize the client history to make informed and strategic recommendations for future product selections based on their previous purchases and their efficacy. 2. Service Refinement: Use past outcomes and client feedback recorded in the history to refine future service applications and to tailor the approach to address any concerns or challenges reported by the client. 3. Long-Term Planning: Establishing a comprehensive client history supports long- term planning for the client's hair care goals, enabling professionals to develop sustainable and effective regimens over time. Client Engagement and Satisfaction: 1. Client Follow-Ups: Utilize the client history during follow-up communications to discuss the results of the previous service, assess the effectiveness of home hair care products, and gather feedback for ongoing improvement. 2. Building Trust: Demonstrating a thorough understanding of the client's history and preferences reinforces trust and confidence in the salon professional, fostering a deeper client- provider relationship. ~ 60 ~ By consistently updating and utilizing the client history to include product selection, service techniques, service outcomes, and home hair care products purchased beauty care professionals can elevate the quality of their services, foster client satisfaction, and facilitate long-term hair care success for their clientele. Home hair care products typically include shampoos, conditioners, and styling aids. These products are designed to help you maintain the health, cleanliness, and style of your hair at home. Shampoos: Shampoos are used to cleanse the hair and scalp by removing dirt, oil, and product buildup. They come in various types, such as moisturizing, volumizing, clarifying, and color-safe shampoos, catering to different hair needs. Conditioners: Conditioners are used after shampooing to moisturize, detangle, and improve the overall condition of the hair. They help to restore moisture, smooth the hair cuticles, and make the hair more manageable. Styling aids: Styling aids refer to a wide range of products used to achieve desired hairstyles. Some common styling aids include hair sprays, mousses, gels, serums, creams, and heat protectants. These products can provide hold, texture, volume, shine, or heat protection, depending on their formulation. It's important to choose hair care products that suit your hair type and specific needs. ~ 61 ~ Self-Check 4 Directions: Answer all the questions listed below 1 Question: "How do you typically gauge a client's expectations before starting a chemical hair treatment, and what steps do you take to ensure their satisfaction with the final results? 2 Question: "Could you share an example of a challenging client expectation that was successfully addressed, leading to a high level of client satisfaction, and how was this achieved?" 3 Question: "What factors do you consider when recommending home hair care products to clients following a chemical treatment, and how does this contribute to their long-term hair health and satisfaction?" 4 Question: "Can you elaborate on the significance of educating clients about at-home hair care products and how this guidance enhances their satisfaction with their salon services and post-treatment outcomes?" 5 Question: "How do you ensure that client history is updated effectively to include product selections, service techniques, outcomes, and any home hair care products purchased, and why is this information vital for continuing client satisfaction and service quality?" 6 Question: "In what ways does updated client history contribute to building enduring client relationships and facilitating ongoing service improvements, ensuring continued satisfaction and client loyalty?" ~ 62 ~ Operation sheet unit four Title: Service and Home Care Advice Operation Sheet Contents: 1. Unit Overview: - This unit focuses on providing service and home care advice to clients, ensuring their satisfaction and meeting their expectations. 2. Client Satisfaction: - Discuss the importance of meeting client expectations and ensuring their satisfaction with the services provided. 3. Home Hair Care Products: - Provide information on various home hair care products that can be recommended to clients for maintaining their hair between salon visits. 4. Client History: - Outline the process of gathering and maintaining client history, including personal preferences, previous services received, and any allergies or sensitivities. 5. Expectation Management: - Discuss strategies for managing client expectations and ensuring clear communication to avoid misunderstandings. ~ 63 ~ 6. Case Studies: - Present case studies illustrating successful client satisfaction and home care advice, highlightin