Maternal, Newborn, & Women's Health Test #1 (V1) Study Guide PDF

Maternal, Newborn, and Women’s Health Test #1 V1 Study Guide Please note that this guide is meant to help but it is not all inclusive. Some items are not able to be prompted because they are evaluating critical thinking. You will need to review the PPTs and read your online text to have all the info...

Maternal, Newborn, and Women’s Health Test #1 V1 Study Guide Please note that this guide is meant to help but it is not all inclusive. Some items are not able to be prompted because they are evaluating critical thinking. You will need to review the PPTs and read your online text to have all the information needed for the exam. Unit 1 Maternal Newborn Nursing Today 1. Review maternal health goals from Healthy People 2023. 2. Review the race that has the highest infant mortality rate. 3. Review the age that fertility in women begins to decline. 4. Review the nursing activity that demonstrates working at the highest level of licensure. 5. Review the medication used for an abortion. BC 11/2024 6. Review client manifestations of postpartum psychosis. 7. Review nursing skills necessary for a labor and delivery unit. 8. Review statistics associated with home births. 9. Review possible complications of abortion. 10. Review topics of nursing care for a postpartum client. Unit 1 Family, Culture, and Environment 11. Review client education regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy. BC 11/2024 12. Review the model of care to promote maternal-infant bonding in substance use disorder. 13. Review factors in pregnant clients that increase risk for health disparities. 14. Review the term cultural awareness. 15. Review reproductive options for members of LGBTQIA community. 16. Review nursing action for suspicion of human trafficking. 17. Review how to promote family-centered care in community. 18. Review relationships in a client’s life that impact their attitudes about health care. Unit 1 Genetics and Genomes in Maternal Newborn Care 19. Review Trisomy 21. BC 11/2024 20. Review how single gene disorders are traced. Since only one gene is implica ted, it is sim p le to tra ce th e se d isord e rs a cross fa m ilie s a n d fo re ca st th e like lih ood th a t th ey will d e ve lop in fu tu re ge n e ra tion s. Th e th re e typ e s o f single -ge n e d isord e rs a re d o m in a n t , re ce s s ive , a n d X-lin ke d. 21. Review fetal inheritance of hemophilia. 22. Review the difference between target carrier and expanded carrier screenings. targeted screening 23. Review client education about testing for hereditary genetic disorders. Wh e n a clie n t is th in kin g a b ou t ge ttin g p re gn a n t, p re con ce p tion scre e n in g ca n h e lp th e clie n t b e tte r u n d e rsta n d th e ir risks a n d op tion s. Both th e clie n t a n d th e in te n d e d p a rtn e r sh o u ld b e give n th e o p p ortu n ity to ch oo se or d e clin e scre e n in g. Ca rrie rs h a ve th e ge n e in th e ir ce lls b u t d o n ot h a ve th e d ise a se —or, in som e ca se s, on ly h a ve ve ry m in o r m a n ife sta tion s. Te stin g is e xtre m e ly stra igh tforwa rd. Th e clie n t b e in g te ste d o ffe rs a sa m p le of b lo od , sa liva , o r ch e e k tissu e for a n a lys is. Con d itio n s com m o n ly scre e n e d fo r in clu d e cystic fib rosis, sickle ce ll d ise a se , Ta y-Sa ch s d ise a se , Hu n tin gto n ’s d ise a se , a n d va riou s h e m oglo b in op a th ie s. BC 11/2024 24. Review the procedure for a newborn hearing test. Th e h e a rin g scre e n in volve s th e p la ce m e n t of tin y e a rp h o n e s in to th e n ewb orn's e a rs, wh ich a re co n n e cte d to a sp e cia l com p u te r th a t a sse sse s how th e n ewb orn re sp on d s to so u n d d u rin g th is te st. Th e ca rd ia c scre e n in g te st is u se d to d e te ct a se t o f critica l con ge n ita l h e a rt d e fe cts. 25. Review the role of the nurse in genetic counseling. Mo st ob ste trics a n d gyn e cology clin ics a n d p ra ctice se ttin gs d o n ot h a ve a n u rse sp e cia lly tra in e d in ge n e tics. Howeve r, th e role of th e n u rse is on e of e sta b lish in g tru st, ra p p ort, a n d a workin g re la tion sh ip with th e h e a lth ca re te a m. Wh ile th e p rim a ry p rovid e r or clin icia n is re sp o n sib le for d iscu ssin g te stin g in d ica tio n s, risks, b e n e fits, a n d a lte rn a tive s, th e n u rse sp e n d s m u ch of th e ir tim e a n swe rin g q u e stio n s a n d su p p ortin g th e clie n t’s d e cision s with e d u ca tio n. 26. Review information needed to determine genetic risks in a pregnancy. Clie n ts ove r th e a ge o f 35 ye a rs wh o a re p re gn a n t or con sid e rin g p re gn a n cy a re a t risk fo r ge n e tic a n om a lie s. An y clie n t wh o h a s a p e rson a l or fa m ilia l h istory of a ge n e tic d isord e r is a t in cre a se d risk of h a vin g a n ewb orn wh o h a s a ge n e tic d iso rd e r. Clie n ts wh o h a d a p reviou s sp o n ta n e ou s a b ortion or fe ta l d e m ise a re a lso con sid e re d a t risk for ge n e tic d isord e rs or a n om a lie s. Ca rrie r scre e n in g m a y b e offe re d p rior to con ce p tio n or d u rin g p re gn a n cy. Ge n e tic scre e n in g d u rin g p re gn a n cy in clu d e s u ltra sou n d im a gin g, se ru m te stin g from th e p re gn a n t clie n t, p la ce n ta l b io p sy, a n d a m n ioce n te sis. Som e te sts ca n b e p e rform e d th ro u gh o u t p re gn a n cy, wh ile oth e rs a re sp e cific to trim e ste r o r ge sta tion a l a ge. 27. Review client education for an amniocentesis. Am n io ce n te sis is a d ia gn ostic p re n a ta l te st m ost com m on ly p e rform e d to co n firm or ru le o u t va riou s in h e rite d or ge n e tic con ce rn s. Ultra sou n d is u se d in con ju n ctio n with a m n ioce n te sis to a llow th e p rovid e r visu a liza tion wh e n in se rtin g th e n e e d le to a vo id in ju ry to th e fe tu s. Th e n e e d le is in se rte d in to th e a m n io tic sa c to re m ove a n a m n iotic flu id sa m p le. Th e a m n iotic flu id is a n a lyze d , a n d th e re s u lts a re d iscu sse d with th e clie n t with in 2 we e ks followin g th e p roce d u re. Am n ioce n te sis is u su a lly p e rform e d d u rin g th e se con d trim e ste r b u t ca n b e p e rform e d in th e th ird trim e ste r fo r va rio u s in d ica tion s. BC 11/2024 28. Review the disorder that results in an individual having two X (XX) chromosomes. Unit 2 Reproductive Health Promotion, Prevention, and Care 29. Review the function of the cervix during labor. 30. Review the function of testosterone. Testosterone is th e p rim a ry h orm on e th a t h e lp s th e se clie n ts d eve lop fa cia l h a ir, a d e e p e r vo ice , m u scle m a ss, a n d typ ica l m a le fa t d istrib u tio n. Horm on e th e ra py ca n a ffe ct fe rtility, with th e p ote n tia l for re d u ce d ova ria n fu n ction a n d a trop h y of th e u te ru s. Clie n ts sh ou ld con su lt with fe rtility sp e cia lists a n d d iscu ss th e p ossib ility of e gg fre e zin g or oth e r op tion s to p re se rve th e ir fe rtility p rior to sta rtin g h orm o n e th e ra py if d e sire d. 31. Review client manifestations of low testosterone. 32. Review client education regarding abortion. Wh e n cou n se lin g clie n ts a b ou t th e ir re p ro d u ctive a n d a b ortio n righ ts, p rovid e th e m with a ccu ra te a n d u n b ia se d in form a tion a b ou t a ll th e ir op tio n s. Th a t m a y in clu d e in fo rm a tio n a b ou t d iffe re n t m e th od s of co n tra ce p tio n , th e risks a n d b e n e fits of m e d ica tio n or p roce d u ra l a b ortio n s, a n d h ow to a cce ss a b ortion se rvice s if n e ce ssa ry. Clie n ts h a ve th e righ t to m a ke th e ir own d e cisio n s a b o u t th e ir re p rod u ctive h e a lth , in clu d in g wh e th e r to h a ve a n a b ortion. Th is d e cision sh ou ld b e b a se d on th e ir p e rso n a l b e lie fs, va lu e s, a n d circu m sta n ce s. Liste n a n d re sp e ct th e clie n t’s fe e lin gs a n d con ce rn s. Th a t m a y in volve a ckn owle d gin g a n y re ligiou s or cu ltu ra l p e rsp e ctive s th a t th e clie n t b rin gs to th e co n ve rsa tion a n d sh ou ld n o t BC 11/2024  in clu d e th e n u rse ’s p e rson a l b e lie fs. Fin a lly, p rovid e clie n ts with re sou rce s a n d re fe rra ls to su p p ort s e rvice s, su ch a s cou n se lin g or su p p ort gro u p s, if n e e d e d. Th a t ca n h e lp e n su re th a t clie n ts re ce ive th e su p p ort th ey n e e d to m a ke in form e d d e cisio n s a b ou t th e ir re p rod u ctive h e a lth. 33. Review what changes happen for a client in menopause. 34. Review reproductive care of a trans male client. Re p rod u ctive h e a lth for tra n s m e n (clie n ts wh o id e n tify a s m a le a n d we re b orn with fe m a le re p ro d u ctive stru ctu re s) is a cru cia l top ic th a t n e e d s to b e a d d re sse d a cross th e life sp a n. Tra n s m e n sh ou ld work with th e ir p rovid e r to d iscu ss th e ir re p rod u ctive h e a lth n e e d s a n d id e n tify a p p rop ria te scre e n in g a n d tre a tm e n t m e a su re s. For tra n s m e n wh o wa n t to a void or d e la y th e d e ve lop m e n t of fe m a le se con d a ry se x ch a ra cte ristics, p u b e rty su p p re ssio n with h orm on e s is a n op tio n. It ca n re d u ce b re a st d e ve lo p m e n t a n d b o d y h a ir growth a n d d e la y m e n stru a tion. 35. Review healthy lifestyle practices during pregnancy. A p re gn a n t clie n t sh o u ld con su m e m ore ca lorie s th a n th e y d id p rior to p re gn a n cy to su p p ort fe ta l gro wth a n d th e ir own in cre a se d m e ta b olic n e e d s. Th e e xa ct n u m b e r of ca lo rie s re q u ire d va rie s d e p e n d in g on fa ctors su ch a s p re -p re gn a n cy we igh t a n d p h ys ica l a ctivity le ve l, b u t a ge n e ra l gu id e lin e is to con su m e a n a d d itio n a l 300 to 500 ca lorie s p e r d a y. A b a la n ce d a n d va rie d d ie t e n su re s a su fficie n t in ta ke of a ll e sse n tia l m a cro a n d m icro-n u trie n ts. Ma te rn a l clie n ts m a y re q u ire su p p le m e n ts (su ch a s folic a cid , iron , a n d vita m in D) to m e e t th e ir n u trie n t n e e d s. Pre n a ta l vita m in s a re ofte n re com m e n d e d to e n su re a d e q u a te n u trie n t in ta ke. Ad e q u a te h yd ra tion is e sse n tia l d u rin g p re gn a n cy. Th e m a te rn a l clie n t sh o u ld a im to d rin k a t le a st e igh t to 10 gla sse s of wa te r (64 o z) p e r d a y, or m ore if th e y a re p h ysica lly a ctive. BC 11/2024 Th e p re gn a n t clie n t s h ou ld a void ce rta in fo od s th a t m a y b e u n sa fe d u e to th e risk of fo o d b orn e illn e ss. Food s to a void in clu d e ra w or u n d e rcooke d m e a t, se a food , e ggs, u n p a ste u rize d d a iry p rod u cts, a n d lu n ch m e a t. Ca ffe in e sh ou ld a lso b e lim ite d d u rin g p re gn a n cy; th e clie n t sh ou ld b e in stru cte d to ke e p con su m p tio n b e low 200 m g of ca ffe in e p e r d a y. Re se a rch su gge sts it m a y in h ib it fe tu s growth b y lim itin g th e b lood su p p ly d u e to b lo o d ve sse l co n striction. 36. Review client education about safe sex and STI prevention. o r a d ole sce n ts a n d yo u n g a d u lts, e d u ca te clie n ts a b ou t re p rod u ctive h e a lth , in clu d in g p re gn a n cy, STIs, a n d con tra ce p tio n op tio n s, e n cou ra ge re gu la r STI te stin g, a n d b e gin re gu la r re p ro d u ctive h e a lth scre e n in gs with ou t p rovid in g o p in io n s. Afte r m e n o p a u se , clie n ts ca n n ot ge t p re gn a n t. Discu ss sa fe se x a n d e n co u ra ge clie n ts to u se co n d o m s to p rote ct a ga in st STIs a n d to ge t te ste d for STIs re gu la rly. In a d d itio n to STIs, oth e r re p rod u ctive h e a lth con ce rn s m a y a ffe ct old e r a d u lts. Old e r fe m a le clie n ts m a y b e a t in cre a se d risk for ce rta in in fe ction s, su ch a s u rin a ry tra ct in fe ctio n s (UTIs), b e ca u se of ch a n ge s in h orm on a l le ve ls a n d th e ge n ita l m icrob iom e. 37. Review client education for use of a diaphragm for birth control. Pla ce d in te rn a lly in sid e No e ffe ct on h orm o n e s Doe s n ot p ro te ct a ga in st th e va gin a p rior to or m ilk su p p ly d u rin g STI tra n sm ission in te rco u rse b re a stfe e d in g Possib le re a ctio n s to Fa irly e ffe ctive wh e n Ca n b e in se rte d h o u rs sp e rm icid e for d ia p h ra gm u se d corre ctly b u t h a s a b e fore se x Va gin a l irrita tion or 6% to 12% fa ilu re ra te b u rn in g m a y o ccu r Ne e d s to b e fit b y a In cre a se d risk of u rin a ry p ro vid e r tra ct in fe ctio n s Toxic sh o ck syn d ro m e (TSS) BC 11/2024  De p e n d in g on fit, it ca n Ca n n ot le a ve in m o re b e u se d with or with o u t th a n 24 h r sp e rm icid e Re q u ire s p la n n in g a h e a d a n d corre ct a p p lica tio n to b e e ffe ctive 38. Review client education for the combination birth control pill. Com b in a tion b irth co n trol p ills con ta in syn th e tic ve rsio n s of e stroge n a n d p roge ste ron e. Th ey work by su p p re ssin g ovu la tio n a n d m a kin g m u cu s th icke r, m a kin g it h a rd e r for sp e rm to re a ch th e e gg. Th ey m u st b e ta ke n eve ry d a y. Th e first p ill of th e p a ck sh ou ld b e ta ke n on th e first d a y of m e n stru a l b le e d in g or u se d fo r 7 d a ys with a n oth e r co n tra ce p tio n m e th od. Th e la st we e k of th e p a ck is p la ce b o p ills to a llow for m e n stru a l b le e d in g. 39. Review the physiology of sterilization methods. Th e re a re seve ra l d iffe re n t m e th od s of fe m a le ste riliza tio n , in clu d in g t u b a l liga t io n , h ys t e ro s co p ic s t e r iliza t io n , b ila t e ra l s a lp in ge ct o m y, a n d h ys t e re ct o m y. Th e oth e r o p tion s sh o u ld b e d iscu sse d to d e te rm in e wh ich m e th o d b e st su its th e clie n t’s n e e d s a n d m e d ica l h istory. A t u b a l liga t io n is a su rgica l pro ce d u re th a t in volve s se a lin g or cu ttin g th e fa llo p ia n tu b e s to p reve n t e ggs from re a ch in g th e u te ru s. It ca n b e d o n e u sin g d iffe re n t te ch n iq u e s, in clu d in g la p a rotom y, la p a ro sco py, or h yste roscopy. Hyste roscop ic ste riliza tion in vo lve s p la cin g sm a ll in se rts or coils in th e fa llop ia n tu b e s th rou gh th e ce rvix, b lockin g th e m , a n d p reve n tin g p re gn a n cy (Kra etschmer, 2022). Bila te ra l sa lp in ge cto m y, som e tim e s ca lle d tu b a l re m ova l, is th e su rgica l re m ova l of b oth fa llop ia n tu b e s a n d ca n a lso d e cre a se th e risk of ova ria n ca n ce r (Kra etschmer, 2022). A h yste re ctom y is th e su rgica l re m ova l of th e u te ru s. 40. Review the various treatments for “morning after” contraception. Th e m e th od s con sid e re d for e m e rge n cy co n tra ce p tio n in clu d e e m e rge n cy co n tra ce p tive p ills (ECPs) with u lip rista l a ce ta te or levo n orge stre l, a h igh d osa ge o f BC 11/2024  th e com b in e d b irth con tro l p ill, or a cop p e r IUD. Ad ve rse e ffe cts from ECPs a re sim ila r to o ra l b irth con tro l p ills (WHO, 2021). 41. Review risk reduction education discussed at a prenatal appointment. Unit 2 Reproductive Health Alterations 42. Review the diagnostic procedure used the most for alterations of the breast. 43. Review client manifestations of mastitis. Ma n ife sta tio n s of mastitis in clu d e b re a st e ryth e m a , wa rm th , p a in , swe llin g, feve r, a n d ge n e ra l m a la ise. If th e b re a st in fe ction is n ot tre a te d , it m a y le a d to th e d eve lo p m e n t of a n a b sce ss or se p sis. 44. Review client manifestations of ovarian cancer. 45. Review the possible causes of dysmenorrhea. p rosta gla n d is se cre tion , wh ich ca u se s th e u te ru s to co n tra ct, is like ly re sp on sib le fo r dysmen orrh e a in m ost clie n ts. Oth e r co n d ition s, su ch a s e n d om e triosis a n d u te rin e fib roid s, m a y a lso ca u se dysmen orrh e a. 46. Review the possible causes of infertility. Ma le in fe rtility fa ctors in clu d e te sticu la r p ro b le m s (va ricoce le , tra u m a ), e ja cu la to ry d ysfu n ction , e n d ocrin e d isord e rs, or ge n e tic d isord e rs. Fe m a le fa ctor in fe rtility m a y b e re la te d to a p rob le m with th e ova rie s, fa llop ia n tu b e s, or u te ru s a n d re q u ire s a com p re h e n sive p h ysica l exa m in a tion , la b o ra tory te stin g, a n d p o te n tia l p roce d u re s BC 11/2024  to co n firm d ia gn osis. 47. Review the complication caused by gonadotropin therapy. Gonadotro p in th e ra py sign ifica n tly in cre a se s th e risk for m u ltip le ge sta tion p re gn a n cy a n d ova ria n h yp e rstim u la tion syn d rom e (OHSS). 48. Review the possible causes of amenorrhea. Amenorrh e a ca n b e ca u se d by d ysfu n ction o f th e h yp oth a la m u s, ova rie s, u te ru s, va gin a , o r p itu ita ry gla n d. 49. Review the organisms that cause pelvic inflammatory disease. Risk fa cto rs for b a cte ria l in fe ctio n s in clu d e h a vin g m u ltip le sexu a l p a rtn e rs or h a vin g a n ew p a rtn e r, la ck of con d om u se , h e rp e s sim p le x viru s (HSV) in fe ction , a n d va gin a l d ou ch in g. Clie n ts wh o h a ve b a cte ria l in fe ction s a re a lso a t gre a te r risk fo r o th e r STIs; th e y h a ve in cre a se d su sce p tib ility to HIV in fe ction a n d tra n sm ission , in fe ctio n re cu rre n ce , a n d com p lica tio n s fro m su rge ry a n d p re gn a n cy. 50. Review risk factors for toxoplasmosis. Tra n sm ission u su a lly occu rs from in ge stion or exp osu re to th e in fe ctiou s orga n ism fo u n d in soil, ca t fe ce s, or con ta m in a te d fru its or ve ge ta b le s. Im m u n ocom p rom ise d p e o p le a re m ost a t ris k for a cq u irin g sym p tom a tic toxopla sm osis. 51. Review client manifestations of trichomonas. Fe m a le clie n ts m a y re p ort th in , ye llow-gre e n , m a lod oro u s va gin a l d isch a rge , vu lva r b u rn in g a n d itch in g, a n d d ysu ria. Ma le clie n ts m a y re p ort p e n ile d isch a rge , b u rn in g or itch in g in sid e of th e p e n is, or b u rn in g with u rin a tio n or e ja cu la tio n. 52. Review client education regarding PEP treatment. 53. Review risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis. Risk fa cto rs for ye a st in fe ction s in clu d e a n tib iotic u se , p re gn a n cy, im p a ire d im m u n e syste m , a n d COC or e stroge n h orm on e re p la ce m e n t u se. 54. Review client manifestations of PCOS. BC 11/2024 PCOS is ch a ra cte rize d b y ovu la tory d ysfu n ction , a n d roge n e xce ss (a n ovu la tio n , irre gu la r p e riod s, h irs u tism , a cn e , a n d a n d roge n ic a lop e cia ), a n d p olycystic ova rie s. Com m on clin ica l p re s e n ta tio n s in clu d e d ia b e te s m e llitu s, in su lin re sista n ce , sle e p a p n e a , fa tty live r, d e p re ssion , h yp e rte n sio n , a n d d yslip id e m ia. BC 11/2024