MLSPRAC1 Topic 1 and 2 (2024-2025) PDF

RIVERSIDE COLLEGE INC. MLSPRAC01 Principle of medical laboratory science practice 1 history of medical technology during world war i and ii, medical technology in the united states and philippines  world war i UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA was the first to offer a d...

RIVERSIDE COLLEGE INC. MLSPRAC01 Principle of medical laboratory science practice 1 history of medical technology during world war i and ii, medical technology in the united states and philippines  world war i UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA was the first to offer a degree program 1922 in Medical Technology DENVER SOCIETY of CLINICAL PATHOLOGISTS 1931 was organized AMERICAN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST (AMT) 1936 was formed world war ii Widespread war from 1939-1945 During WORLD WAR II, Philippines was seriously affected. Japan conquered the entire Philippines, causing wrath of the US to flare up. Illnesses and death were very evident. The use of blood increased and the “closed system” of blood collection was widely used Instrumentation advanced. Automated equipment appeared and quality control programs became common. medical technology in the us Opening of University of Pennsylvania’s William Pepper Laboratory of 1895 Clinical medicine to highlight the service role of clinical laboratories. THE DEMAND FOR AND TRAINING OF LABORATORY TECHNICIANS was published by John Kolmer FIRST formal training course in Medical Technology. 1918 Requiring of all hospitals and institutions to have a fully-equipped laboratory fit for testing by the state legislature of Pennsylvania and to employ a full time lab technician. Administrative units of Clinical laboratories in large hospitals 1920 were directed by a CHIEF PHYSICIAN.  Considered as the FATHER OF AMERICAN PATHOLOGY Established laboratory at Bellavue Hospital Medical College in 1878 First professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University in 1885 He gave the first laboratory course in pathology ever offered in an American Medical School in 1885. DR. WILLIAM WELCH  University of Michigan medical technology in the us 1880 DR. SILAS H DOUGLAS established the 1st chemical laboratory related to Medicine at the University of Michigan DR. WILLIAM OSLER opened the 1st clinical laboratory 1896 at John Hopkins Hospital. John Hopkins Hospital DR. JAMES C. TODD wrote the 1908 MANUAL OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS (CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS BY LABORATORY METHODS) medical technology in the us the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (ASCP) 1922 was founded established the code of ethics for technicians and technologists which states: Allied health professionals should work under the supervision of a PHYSICIAN. Refrain from making oral or written diagnosis MedTechs in the US sought professional recognition from the government 1950 thru licensure laws medical technology in the philippines 1565 Hospital Real in Cebu was established by Spaniards but was later moved to Manila to cater Military patients 1578 Franciscans built the SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL for the poor and lepers Laboratorio Municipal de Manila was established by the Spanish 1887 authorities for laboratory examinations of food, water, and clinical samples Bureau of Government Laboratories was established. 1901 Paul Ferrer, the 1st director ensured that the biological laboratory would be equipped with adequate supplies. medical technology in the philippines MANILA PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY First clinical laboratory in the Philippines during World War II by the 6th Infantry Division of the US Army. Remained non-operational upon leaving of the US army in June of 1945 and endorsement to National Department of Healh. Reopened in OCTOBER of the same year by DR. PIO DE RODA with the help of Manila City Health officer, DR. MARIANO ICASIANO. Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila medical technology in the philippines DR. PIO DE RODA & DR. PRUDENCIA STA ANA conducted a training program for aspiring laboratory workers. A 6-month formal syllabus with certificate for the trainees was also given upon completion. 1954 Training program ended and the BUREAU OF PRIVATE EDUCATION approved a four-year course in BS Medical Technology. manila sanitarium and hospital opened the first school of Medical Technology under the leadership of MRS. WILLA HEDRICK. Soon after, it started its medical internship and residency training program which was affiliated with LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY in California. medical technology in the philippines Philippine Union College (now ADVENTIST UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES) 1954 absorbed MSH’s School of Medical Technology. DR. JESSE UMALI was the first graduate of Medical Technology program. He later graduated as a Doctor of Medicine in FEU and became an OB-GYNE in US. UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS Initially, offered Medical Technology course as an elective for Pharmacy students in 1957. In 1961, Medical Technology was recognized as an official program in UST. medical technology in the philippines Medical Technologists were required to 1975 have a bachelor’s degree 1999 the term CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE is adopted  TOPIC 2: defining the practice of medical technology clinical laboratory science profession INTENDED LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students must have: 1. Discussed the practice of medical technology focusing on the nature of the profession in relation to the detection and diagnosis of diseases. 2. Differentiated medical technologists from other laboratory personnel such as laboratory technicians, pathologists, and the like  CLINICAL LABORATORY In the Philippines, the Medical Technology profession and its practice is governed and defined in Sec two(2) Of R.A. 5527, also known as The Medical Technology Act of 1969. “A clinical laboratory is a facility where microbiological,immunological, toxicological, chemical, immunohematological, cytogenecial, exfoliative cytological, pathological or other examinations are performed on material derived from human body, fo the purpose of diagnosis, prevention of disease or treatment of patients.” nature of medical technology As Medical Technologists/ Medical Technology is designed to improve the Clinical Laboratory Scientists: detection, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of Look for the presence of bacteria, parasite, diseases. and other microorganisms Analyze chemical contents of body fluids It is dependent on the application, purpose, Match blood for transfusions environment, and setting in which it is applied. Test for drug levels Prepare specimens for examination Use microscope, cell counters and other sophisticated laboratory equipment Clinical laboratory testing plays a crucial role. After testing and examining, we analyze results and relay to physicians Clinical laboratory scientists are involved in the examination and analysis of body fluids, tissues, and cells.  medical technology practice The Medical Technology profession and its ROLES/ RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY practice is governed and defined in PROFESSIONALS SECTION 2 OF RA 5527 “Medical Technology Act of 1969” Perform Clinical Laboratory Testing Perform Special Procedures Section 2 of RA, as amended by RA 6132, P.D. 498 and P.D 1534, defines the practice of Ensure Accuracy and Precision of Results medical technology. Be Honest in Practice A medical technologist must first become Ensure Timely Delivery of Results licensed before he/she is permitted to practice the profession. Demonstrate Professionalism Uphold Confidentiality The practice should be bound by the accepted pledge of oath in accordance Collaborate with other healthcare professionals with the CODE OF ETHICS. Conduct Research roles and responsibilities PERFORM CLINICAL LABORATORY TESTING 1 Must be cable of performing the most basic to most advanced laboratory test. PERFORM SPECIAL PROCEDURES 2 This can include molecular and nuclear diagnostics. ENSURE ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF RESULTS 3 This impacts the interpretation of results by the physician to provide proper medication in the treatment of diseases. BE HONEST IN PRACTICE 4 Should act accdg to the profession’s CODE OF ETHICS.  CONDUCT RESEARH 5 To update the skills - can be experimental or descriptive. ENSURE TIMELY DELIVERY OF RESULTS 6 Awareness of the urgency of delivering results esp in cases that require urgent treatment. 7 DEMONSTRATE PROFESSIONALISM UPHOLD CONFIDENTIALITY 8 One of the core duties within medical practice. Records should be protected and made available only when necessary. COLLABORATE WITH OTHER HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS 9 To build a well-functioning team. Classification by OWNERSHIP Classification by FUNCTION Classification by INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTER Classification by SERVICE CAPABILITY  OWNERSHIP Operated and maintained partially or owned, established, and operated by and wholly by the government individual, corporation, association or organization.  FUNCTION Specimen processing Genes Hematology Chemistry Proteins Microbiology Molecules in samples Blood bank from organs, tissues or Immunohematology Tissue Analysis body fluids Immunology/Serology Clinical Microscopy Cytologic Examination Surgical biopsy Frozen section Autopsy  INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTER A laboratory that operates within the A laboratory that does not form part of premises and as part of an institution, any other institution. such as but not limited to hospital, medical clinic, school, medical facility for overseas Operates independently workers and seafarer, birthing home, psychiatric facility, and drug rehabilitation center.  SERVICE CAPABILITY Assisted Reproduction Technology Routine Hematology, Qualitative platelet determination, Laboratory Urinalysis, Fecalysis, Bloodtyping for hospital based Molecular and Cellular Technology Laboratory Molecular pathology, Forensic Primary Category + Routine Clinical Chemistry, Pathology and Anatomic Laboratory crossmatching, Gram Stain, KOH for hospital based National Reference Laboratory Satellite Testing Sites Mobile Clinical Laboratories Secondary Category + Special Chemistry, Special Hematology, Immunology, Microbiology  SPECIAL LABORATORY Can perform more complex tests for many patients, Collection site/area shall be located within confirmatory testing, training and research, and the same region at a maximum of 100km evaluation of diagnostic kits and reagents. radius from the DOH licensed Clinical Lung Center of the Philippines – Chemistry Laboratory. East Avenue Medical Center – Drug testing San Lazaro Hospital (SACCL) – HIV/AIDs, Hepatitis, Aside from specimen collection, MCL can Syphilis and other STI perform the following tests ON SITE: National kidney & transplant institute (NKTI) – urinalysis, fecalysis, pregnancy test(lateral For Hematology flow), Basic Serology Test using Rapid Research Institute of Tropical Medicine (RITM) - Test Kits For Dengue, Influenza, Parasitology, Tuberculosis  defining the practice of other laboratory personnel  PATHOLOGISTS HEAD OF CLINICAL LABORATORY As defined in RA 5527, A duly registered physician who is specifically trained in methods of laboratory medicine, or the gross and microscopic study of tissues, secretions, etc. MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIANS As defined in RA 5527, a person certified by and registered with the BOARD OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY and qualified to assist the medical technologist and/or pathologist. Qualifications include: (1) Failed to pass the licensure exam but obtained a general rating of atleast 70% (2) Passed the civil service exam for medical technicians (3) Finished a 2-year college course with atleast 1 year experience of working as a medlab technician  PHLEBOTOMIST Individual trained to draw blood either for laboratory tests or for blood donations. CYTOTECHNOLOGIST Works with the pathologist to detect changes in body cells which may be important in the early diagnosis of diseases. Selects and sections minute particles of human tissue for microscopic study. HISTOTECHNOLOGIST Also known as HISTOTECHNICIAN, responsible for routine preparation, processing, and staining of biopsies and tissue specimens for microscopic examination by a pathologist.  PHLEBOTOMIST Individual trained to draw blood either for laboratory tests or for blood donations. CYTOTECHNOLOGIST Works with the pathologist to detect changes in body cells which may be important in the early diagnosis of diseases. Selects and sections minute particles of human tissue for microscopic study. HISTOTECHNOLOGIST Also known as HISTOTECHNICIAN, responsible for routine preparation, processing, and staining of biopsies and tissue specimens for microscopic examination by a pathologist. REFERENCES: Principles of Medical laboratory Science 1, (2019) Mary Louise Turgeon’s Clinical Laboratory Science 9th Edition (2023) DOH -AO-37-S.-2021