Health Information System PDF

THE VISION, MISSION, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES OF THE INSTITUTION Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Educational institution is a place for learners of various ages to gain educati...

THE VISION, MISSION, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES OF THE INSTITUTION Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Educational institution is a place for learners of various ages to gain education. It includes daycare, preschools, grade schools, intermediate, secondary, senior high schools, colleges, and universities. Purpose - Provide educational milieus and learning spaces. Based on Age-grade system offering diverse learning activities. Institution refers to both formal and informal entities, VALUE STATEMENT including behavioral patterns, government, and public services. Formal institution - structured learning in conventional A Value Statement is a list of fundamental doctrines classrooms administered by a governing body. guiding educational institutions. - Recognition - Follows government-approved It creates moral direction for decision-making and a curriculum, standardized books, and materials. standard structure. - Faculty - Follows curricula set by a government- “What values are distinctive to our educational institution?” appointed technical committee. “What value should be the direction of the management of - Formal education - Starts at age four in preschool the institution?” and extends to higher education Incorporates values at all levels for direction in (college/university degree). It takes place within a set engagements, viewpoints, and decision-making. period, leading to certificates or credentials. Informal education - Learned independently outside OBJECTIVES conventional classrooms. - It can happen anywhere—home, cultural Objectives are short statements learners should achieve. settings, public schools. it should be SMART—Specific, Measurable, Attainable, - Its focus are behavioral skills through daily Realistic, Time-bound. interactions. - Teachers - Traits vary by expertise, skills, and List of educational objectives set by the Commission on Higher experience. Education (CHED) through CHED Memorandum Order No. 14, series of - Outcome - No credentials expected; 2006 on "Policies, Standards, and Guidelines for Medical participation certificates may be issued. Technology Education." VISION STATEMENT The Medical Technology Education aims to: 1. Develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills in the Vision Statement is the end desire aspiration of an performance of clinical laboratory procedures needed to help academic institution. the physician in the proper diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, It is usually a one-sentence statement describing the and prevention of diseases; distinct and motivating long-term desired transformation 2. Develop skills in critical and analytical thinking to advance resulting from an institutional program. (long term goal) knowledge in Medical Technology/ Clinical Laboratory Science Vision should be clear, memorable, and concise with an and contribute to the challenges of the profession; average length of 14 words 3. Develop leadership skills and to promote competence and the shortest contains only three words. e.g. “Equality for excellence; and Everyone” (Human Right Campaign), ‘ 4. Uphold moral and ethical values in the service of society the longest may contain up to 26 words. e.g. "A world in and in the practice of the profession. which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments" KEY POINTS (Amnesty International). ∞ An educational institution carries out educational activities MISSION STATEMENT that engage students with various learning environments and spaces. A mission statement is a one-sentence relating to the ∞ Education is based on an age grade system from preschool, intention of your institutions existence. primary, intermediate, and secondary level to the tertiary level. This answers the questions "What do you do" or “Who ∞ A vision statement is the desired end of an academic do you do this for?" institution. It is usually a one-sentence statement that Mission must be clear by using simple language; describes the distinct and motivating long-term desired concise and "no fluff," transformation resulting from institutional programs. aims for 5 to 14 words (maximum is 20 words); and valuable, that is informed, focused, and guided ∞ A mission statement is a one-sentence statement relating e.g., "Spreading Ideas" by TED, the intention of an institution's "The increase and diffusion of knowledge" by existence. Smithsonian, ∞ A value statement, or core values, is a list of fundamental "Seeking to put God's love into action, Habitat for doctrines that guide and direct the educational institution. Humanity brings people together to build homes, ∞ An educational objective is a short statement that a learner community and hope" by Habitat for Humanity should achieve within or at the end of the course or lesson. ALBASON, E.R. 1 HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 DEFINITION 4. Health Financing Involves collecting revenues, pooling financial risk, and Bertalanffy (1968) defines a "system" as an arrangement of allocating revenue. parts interconnected for a purpose. a. Revenue collection mechanisms include general Health system includes community, health departments, taxation, donor financing, mandatory payroll providers, service organizations, pharmaceutical companies, contributions, and personal savings. and health financing bodies. b. Risk pooling involves the collection and management Functions include governance, healthcare service provision, of financial resources to spread financial risks from an health promotion, financing, and resource management. individual to all pool members. Each society chooses a Roemer (1991) defines a health system as the combination different way of pooling its people's financial risk to of resources, organization, financing, and management finance its health care system. leading to health service delivery. Bismarck Model World Health Organization Report 2000 defines health Named after Otto von Bismarck, it uses an system as all organizations, institutions, and resources insurance system financed jointly by employers devoted to health actions. and employees. Health action is any effort to improve health, whether in Doctors and hospitals are private in Bismarck personal health care, public health services, or through countries, but tight regulation gives the intersectoral initiatives. government cost control clout. Observed in Germany, France, Belgium, GOALS AND FUNCTIONS OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Netherlands, Japan, Switzerland, and to a Three main goals for health systems according to WHO: degree, in Latin America. 1. Improving Population Health Measure health status across all populations and Beveridge Model socioeconomic groups. Named after William Beveridge, it is a system Protect populations from existing and emerging health where health care is provided and financed by risks. the government through tax payments. Prepare for resilience to future health risks. In Britain, doctors are government employees, Minimize inequitable disparities in health. but some private doctors collect their fees from Recognize and minimize disparities as an explicit national the government. goal. c. Strategic purchasing involves organizations using financial resources to finance healthcare services for 2. Enhancing Health System Responsiveness their members, with the purchaser defining external Provide services in the manner people want or desire. incentives for providers to develop appropriate provider- Engage people as active partners, promoting respect, user interaction and delivery models. non-discrimination, humaneness, and confidentiality. WHO HEALTH SYSTEM FRAMEWORK Maximize people's autonomy and control, placing them at the center of the healthcare system. For the purpose of clearly discussing what the World Health Organization (WHO) will do to help strengthen health systems, 3. Fairness in Financial Contribution the functions identified in the WHO report (2000) have been Provide social and financial risk protection in health. broken down into a set of six essential groups. These are Be fairly financed, not deterring individuals from receiving needed to improve targeted health outcomes or overall goals. needed care. A health financing system that deters people from seeking needed services for impoverished individuals and families will worsen health outcomes. HEALTH SYSTEM FUNCTIONS 1. Health Service Provision Public and private health services are the most visible product of the healthcare system. The system promotes health and aims to prevent illness through education and preventive measures. 2. Health Service Inputs Manages essential resources for delivering health services, including human resources, medications, and Service Delivery - those which deliver effective, safe, medical equipment. quality personal and non personal health interventions to 3. Stewardship those who need them, when and where needed, with Sets the context and policy framework for the overall minimum waste of resources. health system. Health Workforce - one which works in ways that are Identifies health priorities, institutional framework, and responsive, trait, and efficient to achieve the best health coordination with external systems. outcomes possible, given the available resources and Generates data for policymaking, including public health circumstances. surveillance data and health system performance. For example, there are sufficient numbers and mix of staff, Provides basis for assessing health status, regulating the fairly diaributed, they are competent, responsive, and sector, and tracking health system performance. productive. ALBASON, E.R. 2 HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 WHO HEALTH SYSTEM FRAMEWORK PHILIPPINE HEALTH SYSTEM Information - one that ensures the production, analysis, LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE dissemination, and use of reliable and timely information The Department of Health is mandated to provide national on health determinants, health systems performance, and policy direction and develop national plans, technical health status. standards, and guidelines of health. It also provides technical Medical Products, Vaccines, and Technologies - assistance, capacity-building, and advisory services for ensure equitable access to essential medical products, disease prevention and control and supplies medicines and vaccines and technologies of assured quality, safety, vaccines. Under the Local Government Code (1991), LGUs efficacy and cost-effectiveness, and their scientifically were granted autonomy and responsibility for their own health sound and cost-effective use. services. National health programs are coordinated by DOH Financing - raises adequate funds for health, in ways that through the LGUs. ensure people can use needed services and are protected from financial catastrophe or impoverishment associated with having to pay for them. Leadership and Governance - involve ensuring strategic policy frameworks exist and are combined with effective stewardship, coalition-building, the provision of appropriate regulations and incentives, attention to system-design, and accountability. PHILIPPINE HEALTH SYSTEM HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The major areas of the following health reform initiatives are the health service delivery, health regulation, and health financing. These health reforms targeted addressing issues, such as poor accessibility, inequity, and inefficiency. LGUs are political subdivisions of the Philippines, 1970: Primary Health Care for All - Developed a largely guaranteed local autonomy under the 1987 Constitution and the LGC of 1991. centralized government-funded and operated health care Divided into 78 provinces, 138 cities, 1,496 municipalities, system. and 42,025 barangays. 1979: Adoption of Primary Health Care - Promoted Legislative power at local levels is vested in local participatory management of the local health care system. legislative councils. 1982: Reorganization of DOH - Integrated public health and Administratively, LGUs are grouped into 17 regions. hospital services. DOH provides guidance to LGUs through its network of representatives. 1986: Milk Code 1986 - Prevention and nutrition to promote Provincial governments provide hospital care and breastfeeding. coordinate health service delivery. 1988: The Generics Act - Prescriptions are written using the City and municipal governments provide primary care generic name of the drug branded medicines. through public health and primary health care centers. in an attempt to lower expenditure on drugs by promoting and purchasing non-branded medicines DECENTRALIZED AND CENTRALIZED 1991: RA 7160 "Local Government Code" - Transfer of Decentralized Health System responsibility of health service provisions to the local State represented by national offices and Local government units. Government Units (LGUs). DOH, LGUs, and private sector collaborate in population 1995: National Health Insurance Act - Aims to provide all care. citizens a mechanism for financial protection with priority given Pre-devolution, national health system had three tiers: to the poor. tertiary hospitals, provincial and district hospitals, city and 1996: Health Sector Reform Agenda - Major organizational municipal health centers, and village health centers. restructuring of the DOH to improve the way health care is Post 1991 LGC, government health system consists of delivered, regulated, and financed. basic health services, province-run hospitals, tertiary medical centers, specialty hospitals, and re-nationalized 2005: FOURmula One (F1) for Health - Adoption of provincial hospitals managed by DOH. operational framework to undertake reforms with speed, precision, and effective coordination. The Department of Health, as mandated, has the duty in: 1. developing health policies and programs; 2008: RA 9502 "Access to Cheaper and Quality 2. enhancing partners' capacity through technical assistance; Medicines Act" - Promotes and ensures access to affordable 3. leveraging performance for priority health programs among quality drugs and medicines for all. these partners; 2010: AO 2010-0036 "Kalusugang Pangkalahatan" - 4. developing and enforcing regulatory policies and standards; Universal health coverage and access to quality health care 5. providing specific programs that affect large segments of for all Filipinos. the population; and 2013: Sin Taxes for Health - Generating extra revenue for 6. providing specialized and tertiary level care. the Department of Health by discouraging harmful consumption of alcohol and tobacco. 2019: Universal Health Care Law - Enrolling all Filipino citizens automatically in the National Health Insurance Program administered by PhilHealth. All Filipinos are guaranteed equitable access to quality and affordable health care services. ALBASON, E.R. 3 HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM 2. The Philippine Developmental Plan 2017-2022 This includes the four key medium-term plans to translate the vision of aspirations for the Filipinos and the country. 3. NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040 This is a collective long-term plan which envisions a better life for the Filipinos and the country in the next 25 years. 4. Sustainable Developmental Goals 2030 This is a compilation of 17 developmental goals that targets to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and confront issues involving climate change and its effects. KEYPOINTS Definition of Health System Health system is a complex of resources, organization, financing, and management aimed at delivering health services to the population. Primary goals include improved health outcomes, a responsive health system, and equitable healthcare financing. Functions of the Health System Delivery of health services: appropriate and cost-effective delivery. Resource generation: ensuring the right level and mix of DIRECTIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH SECTOR inputs. The Department of Health is mandated to provide national Financing: focusing on revenue collection and pooling, policy direction and develop national plans, technical effective purchasing, and stewardship initiatives. standards, and guidelines of health. It also provides technical assistance, capacity-building, and advisory services for Role of the Department of Health (DOH) disease prevention and control and supplies medicines and Formulation and development of national health policies, vaccines. Under the Local Government Code (1991), LGUs guidelines, standards, and manual of operations. were granted autonomy and responsibility for their own health Issuance of rules and regulations, licenses, and services. National health programs are coordinated by DOH accreditations. through the LGUs. Promulgation of national health standards, goals, priorities, and indicators. 1. The Philippine Health Agenda (DOH Administrative Development of special health programs and projects and Order 2016-0038) advocacy for legislation on health policies and programs. "All for Health Towards Health For All" is the rally point for its vision of a healthy Philippines by 2020. It expanded the Universal Health Care Act of 2019 scope of the Universal Health Care (UHC) directions, Aims to protect and promote the right to health of all Filipinos particularly through a whole-of-government approach. It and instill health consciousness. has three key health system guarantees. These are: Principles include an integrated approach to health literacy, a. Population and individual-level interventions for all quality and cost-effective health services, a whole-d life stages that promote heath and wellness, prevent government, and whole-d society approach, and a people- and treat the triple burden of disease, delay oriented approach for health service delivery. complications, rehabilitation and provide palliation; b. Access to health interventions through functional Service Delivery Networks (SDNs); and c. Financial risk protection when accessing these interventions through Universal Health Insurance. The triple burden of disease refers to the coexistence of three major types of health challenges within a population, often observed in low and middle-income countries. These include: 1. Communicable Diseases: Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases that are typically associated with poverty and lack of access to healthcare. 2. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): Chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory conditions, which are often linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use. 3. Injuries and Trauma: This includes accidents, violence, and other physical injuries that can result from a variety of causes, including traffic accidents, occupational hazards, and interpersonal violence. The triple burden of disease creates a significant strain on healthcare systems, as they must address the complex needs of populations facing a wide range of health challenges simultaneously. ALBASON, E.R. 4 PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 Health Care System: An organized plan of health services. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (PHC) Health Care Delivery: The process of providing health services to individuals. PHC is often the initial interaction people have with the Health Care Delivery System: A network of facilities and healthcare system. personnel responsible for delivering health care. It provides community-based care addressing health ALMA ATA DECLARATION needs throughout an individual’s life. It emphasizes caring for people holistically, not just The Alma Ata Declaration was made in September 1978 at treating specific conditions. the Conference on Primary Health Care in Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), USSR. DECLARATION OF ALMA-ATA (1978) IN PHC: It was the first international declaration to emphasize the Essential Health Care: Based on sound, socially significance of primary health care. acceptable methods, universally accessible with full The Declaration defines health as a state of complete community participation. physical, mental, and social well-being, rather than merely Affordable: Must be cost-effective for communities and the absence of disease or infirmity. countries. It asserts that health is a fundamental human right. Goal: Achieving better health for all. The Declaration views the attainment of the highest Five Key Elements: possible level of health as a critical global social goal. Universal Coverage: Reduce health disparities Achieving this goal requires coordinated action from and exclusion. various social and economic sectors beyond just the People-Centered Service Delivery: Organized health sector. around individual needs and expectations. Integrated Public Policy: Health considerations in all sectors. Leadership and Policy Dialogue: Collaborative models for policy-making. Stakeholder Participation: Increased involvement from various parties ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF PHC Education on health issues and prevention methods. Locally endemic disease prevention and Control Expanded immunization against major infectious diseases. Maternal and child health care including family planning. Essential drugs arrangement. Nutritional food supplement support. Treatment of diseases. (communicable and non- communicable diseases and promotes mental health). Safe water and sanitation. Additional Elements: 1. Extended Immunizations: More options available. 2. Reproductive Health: Addressing needs. 3. Health Technologies: Essential and appropriate technologies. 4. Health Promotion: Activities and initiatives. 5. Non-Communicable Disease Control: Prevention and management. 6. Food Safety: Ensuring safe food and supplements. ALBASON, E.R. 1 PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (PHC) PRINCIPLES OF PHC MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES IN ORGANIZING 1. Community Health Improvement: Enhancing overall health Formalization: The use of written documentation to direct care levels. and control employees. 2. Population Growth: Favorable structures. 3. Disease Reduction: Especially preventable and TYPES OF AUTHORITY communicable diseases. Line Authority: Managers have formal power to direct and 4. Morbidity and Mortality: Reducing rates, particularly control immediate subordinates. They issue orders and among children. are responsible for outcomes, while subordinates execute 5. Essential Services Extension: Prioritizing underserved orders. areas. Functional Authority: Managers have formal power over 6. Basic Sanitation: Improvement in sanitation. specific activities or functions, influencing related 7. Community Self-Reliance: Building capabilities. decisions within that scope. 8. Social and Economic Development: Maximizing other Staff Authority: Granted to specialists who advise, sectors' contributions. recommend, and counsel but do not have formal power to 9. Equitable Distribution: Equal health care access issue orders. regardless of demographics. STAFFING 10. Community Participation: Involving trained health Assignment of Individuals: Placing people into positions professionals and community workers. based on a management plan. 11. Multi-Sectoral Approach: Collaboration beyond the health Competency Determination sector. Identify Key Result Areas (KRAs): Define major activities 12. Appropriate Technology: Accessible, affordable, and and results expected. culturally acceptable medical technology. Determine Qualifications and Competencies: Specify the Sanitation: skills and qualifications needed for achieving KRAs. Public Health Conditions: Focuses on clean drinking water Assignment or Recruitmen and adequate sewage disposal. For New Positions: PHC is a holistic approach aimed at improving community Recruit or assign staff who meet the required health through accessible, comprehensive care, emphasizing competencies. prevention, education, and equity. For Existing Programs: Review and Adjust Competency Requirements: MANAGEMENT OF PHC Update requirements based on current KRAs. Match Competencies: Ensure current staff meet the updated competency requirements for their roles. MISSION AND VISION OF DOH MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES IN ORGANIZING Authority: The formal right of a manager to make MISSION OF DOH decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve The mission of the DOH, in partnership with the people to desired outcomes. ensure equity, quality and access to health care: Responsibility: The duty of an employee to perform a. by making services available assigned tasks or activities. b. by arousing community awareness Accountability: The obligation of those with authority and c. by mobilizing resources responsibility to report and justify outcomes to higher d. by promoting the means to better health levels in the chain of command. Centralization: Decision-making authority is concentrated at higher organizational levels. Decentralization: Decision-making authority is distributed to lower organizational levels. ALBASON, E.R. 2 PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES St. Luke's Medical Center in the Philippines Leading healthcare institution. Two facilities in Quezon City and Global City, Taguig. Accredited with world-class medical services. Key affiliations with prestigious international organizations. PRIMARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES Includes 1. Rural health units and theirsub-centers 2. Chest clinics 3. Malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units operated by the DOH; 4. Puericulture centers operated by League of Puericulture Centers; 5. Tuberculosis clinics and hospitals of the Philippine THREE LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS Tuberculosis Society; 6. Private clinics, clinics operated by the Philippine Medical Association; 7. Clinics operated by large industrial firmsfor their employees; 8. Community hospitals and health centers operated by the Philippine Medicare Care Commission and other health facilities operated by voluntary religious and civic groups (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981) PUERICULTURE the rearing or hygienic care of children; specifically VILLAGE OR GRASSROOT HEALTH WORKERS the prenatal care of unborn children through attention to First contacts of the community and initial links of health the health of pregnant women. care. - Provide simple curative and preventive health care SECONDARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES measures promoting healthy environment. Smaller, non-departmentalized hospitalsincluding Includes: emergency and regional hospitals a. Community health worker For patients with symptomatic stages of disease, which b. Volunteers or traditional birth attendants. require moderately specialized knowledge and technical VILLAGE OR GRASSROOT HEALTH WORKERS resources First source of professional health care TERTIARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES Attends to health problems beyond the competence of Highly technological and sophisticated services offered by: village workers a. Medical centers Includes: b. Large hospitals a. Medical practitioners c. Specialized national hospitals. b. Nurses For clients afflicted with diseases which seriously threaten c. Midwives their health and which require highly technical and specialized FIRST LINE HOSPITAL PERSONNEL knowledge, facilities and personnel to treat effectively Provide backup health servicesfor casesthat require (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981) hospitalization Includes: a. Physicians with specialty c. Dentists b. Nurses d. Pharmacists e. other health professionals ALBASON, E.R. 3 OVERVIEW OF HEALTH INFORMATICS Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 Information: the primary product of clinical laboratory. Medicine is an information intensive activity. the generation of huge amount of data can become perplexing to process and analyze. HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Health Information Technology (HIT) refers to the field of information technology focused on the design, development, use, and maintenance of information systems within the healthcare industry (Rouse, 2016). HIT is a key element in transforming healthcare by utilizing technology to improve HEALTHCARE SOFTWARE SYSTEMS various aspects of medical care. Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) Objectives: Vendor neutral archives (VNAs) Improve medical care Two widely used types of health IT lower costs Store and manage patients' medical images increase efficiency i. Radiology reduce error ii. Cardiology improve patient satisfaction iii. Neurology HIT Systems and Applications Vendor neutral archives (VNAs) HIT often involves electronic transactions of health information Way to merge imaging data stored in separate and serves to connect various stakeholders in the healthcare departments’ image banks in multi-facility healthcare ecosystem, including patients, healthcare providers, insurance system companies, and regulatory bodies. Electronic Health Records (EHRs): HEALTH INFORMATION ECOSYSTEM Digital versions of patients' paper charts, offering Also known as health interoperability ecosystem real-time, patient-centered records that make Composition of individuals, systems, and processes information available instantly and securely to sharing, exchanging, and accessing health information. authorized users. Provides information infrastructure using technical a.k.a electronic medical record standards, policies, and protocols. central component of the health IT infrastructure Enables seamless and secure capture, discovery, Personal Health Records (PHRs): a person’s exchange, and utilization of health information. self-maintained health record HEALTH INFORMATICS IN THE CLOUD Health Information Exchange (HIE): a health data clearinghouse or a group of healthcare 83% of healthcare organizations are making cloud-based organizations that enter into ab interoperability application pact and agree to share data Advantages: HITECH Act 2009: introduced HER Integrated and Efficient Patient Care: Allows meaningful use program. multiple doctors to access patient information (e.g., lab results). Decision Support Systems (DSS): Provide healthcare professionals with clinical decision-making tools based Better Data Management: Enables meaningful data on current data and research, improving diagnostic and mining from EHRs to assess public health trends. treatment accuracy. Error Reduction: Automated systems reduce errors in transcription, calculation, and data transmission. Disadvantages: Potential Risks to Personal Information: Cloud storage increases the risk of data breaches or theft of personal information. Cloud Set-up Seems Cumbersome: The shift from traditional to cloud systems can be difficult for smaller or older healthcare practices. Cost Justification: Initial setup and ongoing maintenance can be costly, and not all systems improve productivity. ALBASON, E.R. 1 OVERVIEW OF HEALTH INFORMATICS Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 HEALTH INFORMATICS IN THE PHILIPPINES Health informatics has been loosely practiced in the Philippines since the 1980s. Community Health Information Tracking System (CHITS): A local electronic medical record (EMR) developed to improve efficiency in healthcare centers, particularly in disadvantaged areas. CHITS has allowed health workers to spend more time on patient care by reducing paperwork. Challenges: a. Lack of Interest: Health informatics is not widely recognized as a career. b. Lack of Awareness: Decision-makers do not always see its benefits. c. High Costs: Implementing these systems requires significant investment. ALBASON, E.R. 2  HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 HIT VS HIS ELEMENTS OF HIS Health informatics INPUT is the application of both technology and systems in a Health Information System Resources: healthcare setting consist of the legislative, regulatory, and planning HIT (Health Information Technology) frameworks required to ensure a fully functioning focuses on tools health information system. HIS (Health Information Systems) Resources that are prerequisites for a functional cover the records, coding, documentation, and system: administration of patient and ancillary services. Personnel HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS Financing refer to any system that captures, stores, manages or Logistics transmits information related to the health of individuals or Information and Communication Technology the activities of organizations that work within the health (ICT) sector. Coordinating mechanisms within among the 6 Includes: components district level routine information system PROCESSES disease surveillance systems Indicators laboratory information systems a core of indicators and related targets for the three hospital administration systems domains of health information. human resource managment information systems indicators need to encompass determinants of A well-functioning HIS is an integrated effort to collect, health: process, report, and use health information for policy, health system inputs, outputs and outcomes decision making, program action, health outcomes, and health status research. Data Sources HIS tracks patient information such as medical history, These can be divided into two main categories: medication logs, contact information, appointment Population-based approaches: censuses, civil times, insurance information, and billing and payment registration and population surveys accounts. Institution-based data: individual records, service records and resource records Sheahan (2017) elaborates the role that a well-implemented can Data Management play in improving the services provided by a health institution: Covers all aspects of data handling from collection, Easier Access to Files: storage, quality- assurance and flow, to processing, Electronic systems eliminate the need for physical compilation and analysis. files. Specific requirements for periodicity and timeliness More Controls: are defined where critical, in the case of diseases Staff should have authority to access health surveillance information systems. OUTPUTS Easy Update: Information Products Patient information can be reviewed anytime and Data must be transformed into information that will copies can be made upon request. become the basis of evidence and knowledge to Communication: shape health actions. HIS facilitates communication between multiple Dissemination and Use doctors or hospitals. The value of health information can be enhanced by Accurate Information Delivery: A good HIS provides making it readily accessible to decision makers and accurate, timely information, enabling informed by providing incentives for information use. decision-making. COMPONENTS Upholds Transparency and Accountability: Easy access to information promotes accountability. ALBASON, E.R. 1 HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science | LEC MLS 1103 | Stub 1410 | BSMLS-1A | SANDICO | 1st SEM 2024 DATA SOURCES FOR HIS Demographic Data Information such as age, gender, race, ethnic origin, marital status, residence, family information, emergency details, employment status, education. Administrative Data Data related to services provided, charges, and practitioner details. Health Risk Information Overview Lifestyle and behavior factors like tobacco use and exercise. Family history and genetic factors to assess disease propensity. Health Status/Quality of Life Individual self-reported health data reflecting physical, mental, emotional, cognitive, social, and role functioning. Perceptions of health in past, present, and future compared to peers. Patient Medical History Data on previous medical encounters, problems, and family history. Current Medical Management Involves health screening, current health problems, diagnoses, allergies, diagnostic procedures, laboratory tests, medication prescriptions, and counseling. Outcomes Data Measures effects of healthcare and aftermath of health problems. Reflects events like hospital re-admission, unexpected complications, and satisfaction with care. Assessed weeks or months after health care events, using reports from individuals or family members. ALBASON, E.R. 2