ملخصات الباتمان للكتكوت الغرقان في ماده الادب الامريكي69 PDF

Who is Jing-mei’s father? - Canning Woo Who is engaged to Rich Schields? - Waverly Who was bound to an arranged at the age of two? - Lindo Jong Whose mother committed suicide, instilling in her a permanent lesson about the importance of sacrifice? - An-mei Hsu Which character is frus...

Who is Jing-mei’s father? - Canning Woo Who is engaged to Rich Schields? - Waverly Who was bound to an arranged at the age of two? - Lindo Jong Whose mother committed suicide, instilling in her a permanent lesson about the importance of sacrifice? - An-mei Hsu Which character is frustrated by a language barrier with her husband, who never learned to speak fluent Chinese? - Ying-Ying St. Clair How many stories does The Joy Luck Club contain? - 16 What game do the members of the Joy Luck Club play? - Mah jong How many women were in the Joy Luck Club prior to Suyuan’s death? -4 Which of the following is true of all the women in the Joy Luck Club? They are immigrants The Joy Luck Club explores the conflict between ___. Mothers and daughters Past and present American and Chinese culture All of the above Which character reconciles her feelings of conflict with her mother, giving hope to the other mother-daughter pairs? - Jing-mei Woo Which character inherited superstitious beliefs from her mother, leading her to feel powerless over her fate? - Lena St. Clair Which character struggles to assert her opinion, allowing her husband to make all the decisions? - Rose Hsu Jordan An-mei Hsu ceases to express any outward faith in God after the death of her ___. - Son Whose talent for concealment and code-switching is criticized by her daughter as “two-facedness”? - Lindo Jong What game do the members of the Joy Luck Club play? - Mahjong How did An-mei Hsu receive the scar on her neck? She was burned by hot soup What does Ying-ying say is wrong with the St. Clairs’ apartment?  It is not balanced What is the name of Rose Hsu Jordan’s youngest brother? -Bing Why doesn’t Jing-mei’s piano teacher, Mr. Chong, insist that she play the correct notes? - He is deaf How do Rose and An-mei return to the beach to look for Rose’s drowned brother? An-mei drives them in the family car, even though, to Rose’s knowledge, she has never driven before What is the source of Waverly’s first chess set? Her brother receives it as a gift at a church Christmas party What does Ying-ying’s Amah teach her that girls should do? They should never ask questions or make requests, but only listen What happens to the candle? Lindo blows it out, but the servant lights it again out of fear that she will be punished for negligence How does the red candle predict the success of Lindo and Tyan-yu’s marriage? If it burns from both ends without going out, it will presage a happy marriage What does Ying-ying say when Lena fails to eat every last grain of rice in her bowl? She tells Lena that every grain of rice she fails to eat will become a pock mark on the face of her future husband What gift from Rich does Waverly show to her mother? - A mink coat What material element does An-mei say is lacking symbolically in Rose’s character? - Wood What is the name of the pendant that Suyuan gives to Jing-mei? Her “life’s importance” What is wrong with one of the crabs that Suyuan and Jing-mei buy for their New Year’s dinner? - It is missing a leg Why does Suyuan end up not eating any crab at all during the celebration? Waverly takes the best specimen for her daughter, leaving for Suyuan what she had anticipated would be “extra”—the lamed, “unlucky” crab What does An-mei’s mother tell her to do rather than cry? Fight to correct that which pains her ‫االجابتين صح الموقع عامل كده‬ Swallow her tears and suppress her grief What is deceptive about the necklace that Second Wife gives to An-mei? It is glass, not pearl What measures does Suyuan take to try to ensure that her twin daughters are returned to her after the war with Japan? She writes the address of her family home in Shanghai on the backs of family photographs and stuffs the photos into the babies’ clothing What does Jing-mei eat for her first meal in China? Hamburgers, french fries, and apple pie What distressed Lindo about her recent trip to China? She realized that people could recognize her as an American What is Ying-ying’s first step in trying to make Lena realize the problems with her marriage and do something about them? She knocks over the rickety coffee table that Lena’s husband had made in his student days, shattering the vase that had been sitting on top of it What does An-mei use as a prop to keep her kitchen table from wobbling? A white leatherette Bible What does Lindo call Waverly’s psychiatrist? - A “psyche-atricks” Where does Suyuan meet her husband, Canning? - In a hospital in China In the parable that precedes “Feathers from a Thousand Li Away,” what city is the central character emigrating from? - Shanghai What bird does the woman buy from a vendor? - A swan When did Suyuan and Canning Woo first begin attending meetings of the Joy Luck Club? - 1949 At her first Joy Luck Club event, Jing-mei is subtly criticized for ___. Dropping out of school How much money do the women of the Joy Luck Club give Jing-mei for her journey to China? - $1,200 When An-Mei went to live with her grandmother, what were she and her brother forbidden to do? *Speak their mother’s name The scar on An-Mei’s neck is from ___. -A bowl of soup When Lindo Jong was twelve, her family’s home was severely damaged by what natural disaster? - A flood After Lindo blew out the red candle in an attempt to sabotage her marriage, who re-lit it? - A servant girl What color was the silk outfit Ying-ying wore to the Moon Festival when she was four years old? - Yellow In the parable that precedes “The Twenty-Six Malignant Gates,” how old is the girl with the bicycle? - Seven What type of candy did Waverly Jong offer to stand in for the missing pieces in her brother’s chess set? - Lifesavers By the age of nine, how many points did Waverly have remaining before she achieved chess grandmaster status? - 429 What is the name of the neighbor who Lena St. Clair often heard arguing with her mother? - Teresa After moving to San Francisco, what did Ying-ying do continually to fix her apartment’s “balance”? - Rearrange the furniture What book is used to prop up one of the kitchen table legs in An-mei’s apartment? - The Bible What type of doctor is Ted, Rose’s husband? - Dermatologist What gemstone was in the ring An-mei threw into the ocean after the death of her son? - Sapphire What does Rose describe as shaped “half by expectation, half by inattention”? -Fate Who is the composer of the piece Jing-mei playedin her disastrous childhood talent show perfomrance? - Schumann In the parable that precedes “American Translation,” a mother is troubled by the placement of what piece of decor? - A mirror What did Ying-ying use the specter of a husband with a scarred face to frighten her daughter into doing? - Finishing her rice What did Lena binge on after learning of her neighbor Arnold’s death? Ice cream What business concept did Lena come up with for her husband’s firm, leading to his immense success? - Thematic restaurant design What gift does Waverly want to show off to her mother? - A mink coat Where does Rose Hsu Jordan find divorce papers and a $10,000 check from her husband? - In the mailbox After discovering the divorce papers her husband left for her, how many days does Rose spend in bed? - 3 Before her death, Suyuan cooked a crab dinner in honor of what holiday? The Chinese New Year According to Suyuan, the best quality crabs are ___. - Feisty Who insulted Jing-mei’s work during Suyuan’s Chinese New Year dinner? Waverly In the parable preceding “Queen Mother of the Western Skies,” a woman takes her granddaughter’s laughter as a sign of ___. - Wisdom In An-mei’s mother’s story, what appeared and swallowed her teardrops while she sat crying by a pond? - A turtle Upon meeting An-mei, what piece of jewelry did Second Wife give her (which later turned out to be fake)? - A pearl necklace Who told An-mei that Wu Tsing’s first wife gave birth to deformed children? Yan Chang Ying-ying was born in the year of which animal? - The tiger What physical feature does Lindo’s mother tell her she is fortunate to have? A straight nose Lindo and her daughter Waverly both have crooked noses, which Waverly says makes them look ___. - Devious On their first night in China, what do Jing-mei and Canning’s relatives order from room service? - Hamburgers and fries According to Canning’s story, what illness was Suyuan suffering from that made her unable to continue carrying her babies? - Dysentery Mei Ching and Mei Han, who found Suyuan’s abandoned twins, were peasant members of what religion? - Islam  Themes 1- Choices and Consequences The Joy Luck Club presents the stories of four Chinese immigrant women and their American-born daughters. All of their lives, the Chinese mothers in The Joy Luck Club have struggled to make their own decisions and establish their own identities in a culture where obedience and conformity are expected. For example, when Suyuan Woo is a refugee during the Japanese invasion, she decides that she will not be a passive victim and will choose her own happiness. She forms the Joy Luck Club to provide a distraction for herself and her friends. Thus, in a situation where there appears to be no room for disobedience, Suyuan creates an identity that she and her friends assume in order to survive. The continuation of the club in the United States helps Suyuan and her friends redefine themselves in a new culture. The mothers want their daughters to take charge of their own lives, too. Clair, however, sees her daughter Lena's unhappiness in her marriage and courageously faces her own bad memories to help Lena make the decisions she needs to make to be free. 2- Identity The American-born daughters have their own choices to make and their own identities to establish. While their mothers want Chinese obedience from their daughters, they do not want their daughters to be too passive. The Chinese mothers want their daughters to have American-like strength. The daughters work to find compromises their mothers can accept. Rose Hsu Jordan, for example, overcomes her passivity with the help of her grandmother's story and stands up to a husband who is trying to take everything from her. Tan's portrayal of the intense relationships between and among her characters shows the strength of the ties that bind culture and generation. These firmly undergird the choices the characters make and the identities they shape as a result of their decisions. 3- Culture Clash The American-born daughters are ambivalent about their Chinese background. While they eat Chinese foods and celebrate Chinese traditions, they want their Chinese heritage to remain at home. Worst of all, the American daughters do not see the importance of "joy luck"; to them, it is not even a word. They regard the Joy Luck Club as a "shameful Chinese custom". The Chinese mothers fear the end of Chinese tradition in their families. Their American-born daughters hide their Chinese heritage and think like Americans. While the Chinese mothers want their daughters to enjoy the benefits of being Americans, they do not want them to forget their roots. They hope that their daughters will develop strong American characters, yet keep positive Chinese beliefs alive. The mothers need the daughters to understand the significance of the Joy Luck Club and all that it represents. The clash of adolescence with the American and Chinese cultures leaves the Chinese mothers without hope for their daughters' Chinese futures. Broken ties mend, and hope for happiness despite misfortune (what the Chinese call "joy luck") lives  Symbols Suyuan Woo's stories tell about a woman whose allegiances were divided between her American daughter and the Chinese daughters she had lost. Suyuan's Chinese and American souls are resurrected and reunited when the daughters meet at the end of the novel. The daughters' names symbolize this rebirth and reunion. Chwun Yu (Spring Rain), Chwun Hwa (Spring Rower), and Jing-Mei (June) represent the renewing force that is connected to the seasons of spring and summer. Even Suyuan's name, meaning Long-Cherished Wish, alludes to the resolution of the conflicts she and Jing-Mei shared. Finally, the Chinese interpretation of Jing-Mei's name, "pure essence and best quality," represents Jing-Mei's learning to appreciate and coming to terms with her Chinese heritage. Critical Essays Mother-Daughter Relationships and storytelling Mother-Daughter Relationships The main focus in The Joy Luck Club is the complex relationship between mothers and daughters, and the inherent bond that's always between them despite generational and cultural conflicts. The novel follows June Woo's search to understand her deceased mother Suyuan's life, supplemented by stories from her mother's three best friends, Lindo, An-mei, and Ying-ying. June's memory of her mother is complicated by the revelation that Suyuan had twin baby girls during World War II, but had to leave them in China for their own safety during the Japanese invasion. June questions whether she ever truly knew her mother, but the three older women insist that Suyuan exists deep in June's bones. The novel, in fact, suggests that the connection between mother and daughter exists beyond the knowledge of personal events; it's steeped in inherited behaviors and selflessness over the course of a lifetime. An-mei tells a related story about her banished mother returning home to care for An-mei's dying grandmother, Popo; her mother goes so far as to cut out a piece of her arm to prepare special medicine. The physical sacrifice represents the lengths that some daughters go to honor their mothers. In contrast, the daughters of the Joy Luck Club members share stories about the difficulties of growing up with immigrant mothers. Ying-ying's daughter Lena tries to hide her impending divorce, but her mother wants to help her rediscover the "tiger side" of her Chinese identity, which fights and does not yield to sadness. As June meets her half-sisters for the first time in China, she feels her mother's presence with them, dispelling any doubt about understanding her mother's lifelong intentions. Though she cannot know every detail of her mother's history, June preserves the lessons that Suyuan taught her as a child, and the deep love for family to share with her new half-sisters.  Storytelling and Tradition The novel has four sections of four stories each, narrated in turn by one of the novel's seven main characters. At the start of each section, a one-page Chinese parable introduces the theme that connects the four stories that follow. The brief parables reflect the mothers' own parenting styles throughout the book, as they teach their daughters lessons through stories that can be internalized, rather than direct opinions or warnings. The style mimics the Chinese tradition of oral storytelling, where family history is passed along and immortalized through generations. More than just communicating advice, storytelling allows historical context and a stronger connection to Chinese heritage to be passed on, which fades as children become more Americanized and less interested in inheriting ancient proverbs. Tradition is vital to the development of personal values in The Joy Luck Club, and slowly becomes important to the daughters as they get older and realize the relevance, and strength, of all the stories and inherited customs within their own lives. The mothers' longer narratives in each chapter often address their daughters, and storytelling acts as a way to transfer wisdom through personal experience. Suyuan repeats a story to June about escaping Kweilin, changing the ending each time as June grows older. When she's finally mature enough to comprehend the gravity of Suyuan's loss, June is told the whole story about the twins' abandonment and her mother's first husband's death. The story makes June confront the meanings of sacrifice, love, and despair more viscerally than simply being instructed to not take things for granted. Ezra Pound A discussion of modern poetry without Ezra Pound would not be possible since he is considered by many as the poet who defined modernism and also became one of the most important American poets of the twentieth century. He was born in a small American town to a family with strong historical roots, and was educated at the University of Pennsylvania. After a short period of teaching at a small midwestern college he left the USA for Europe, to become a leading personality in the centers of the then artistic avant-gardes which were sweeping through Europe's capitals. Soon he began to attend the meetings of The Poet's Club, at which some English poets were discussing many problems of modern poetry, especially free verse, diction, and imagery. Hulme who was instrumental for his elaboration of the theory of Imagism a unique Anglo-American contribution to European avant-gardism. As regarding rhythm: to compose in sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome". Hulme’s desire for new poetry was followed by Pound’s statement of the three principals of this poetry “1. Direct treatment of the “thing,” whether subjective or objective. 2. To use absolutely no word that did not contribute to the presentation. 3. As regarding rhythm: to compose in sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome” In the article " “A Few Don’ts ' by an Imagiste," Pound elaborated on the principles, specifying especially his understanding the concept of the image as well as use of language, rhythm and rhyme. In addition to his great role in founding Imagism, Pound became an important (and highly controversial) personality in two other aspects as well: 1, he carried experimentation in modern poetry almost to the most extreme level so far (in some of his Cantos), 2, he got involved in politics during WWII by supporting Mussolini, which led to his imprisonment after the war by the American Army and subsequent trial for treason. As a result of this, he spent several years in a mental hospital – through which he escaped capital punishment. As for his experimentation, it could be said that he showed the “meaning” of poetry to the post-romantic and post-realistic readers. First of all, despite complicated form and content so typical for modernists, Pound is often claimed to have tried to make his poetry part of life. His life, however, was a little bit more complicated than the life of ordinary citizens. His work The Cantos was an attempt to write an epic poem which would reflect his life. Like many other writers who tried to do it (e.g. William Wordsworth in his Prelude or Walt Whitman in Leaves of Grass), it took him a long time, much experimentation, and a change in style and themes. T. S. Eliot It would be quite difficult to find literary works more characteristic and symptomatic of twentieth century Anglophone literature than T. S. Eliot’s long poem The Waste Land. For many, it has become a symptomatic expression not only of the period when it was published, i.e. the aftermath of WWI with its disillusionment and the ensuing anxieties of modern life in the city, but of the general loss of values in the years to come as well. Initially, the poem’s publication was an important event on the cultural scenes of both England and the USA. The person who was responsible for this, greatly shaping its final form by extensive proofreading and then using his influence among the publishers to arrange for its printing on both sides of the Atlantic, was Ezra Pound. The fact that T. S. Eliot was not only a poet but an important critic makes it necessary to view his poetry, including The Waste Land, within a larger picture, not only as an emotional outburst, but also as the imaginative embodiment of his opinions regarding cultural and philosophical phenomena of the time. Despite his Oriental leanings, and being American-born, it is “European culture” which dominates his work. What this concept meant for him was explained in the three lectures given to the German public after WWII, included in his Christianity and Culture. Eliot sees Europe here not as a politically rigid territory composed of nation-states, but as a kind of large community consisting of the interpenetration of local, national and international phenomena, competing as well as cooperating in various spheres – economic, political as well as spiritual, drawing on common sources. The strong position of Christianity, as the historically most important European religion, is key in Eliot’s conception of the cultural unity of Europe. Literature of the American South Since the very beginning of the formation of American culture, the south has shaped itself as a distinct cultural and economic entity. Its humid climate favoured agriculture based on the growing of tobacco and cotton and the use of slave work, both on plantations and as personal servants to attend the quasi-aristocratic families living in great houses built in the Greek style. The Civil War and Reconstruction had disrupted this culture, bringing, among other things, the collapse of traditional values and nostalgia, which, in turn, led to the rise of the myth of the "Old south" with handsome gentlemen and pure southern "belles" created in a number of sentimental cheap works. The writer who made the myth of the South a theme of most of his works was William Faulkner. Born in the South and living there for almost all of his life, he tried to chronicle its imaginative history in many short stories and novels. In his widely anthologized short story "A Rose for Emily," Faulkner portrays the "decay" of a once famous family through the fate of an isolated and lost woman, not suited to the modern world. However, the theme is depicted much more intensively, and in a more elaborate form, in The Sound and the Fury his first great novel. It is a story of four members of the Compson family Benjy, Quentin, Jason, and the black servant Dilsey. Each part is told in a different narrative style and time frame, making it difficult for the reader to grasp the incidents in their temporal development. All in all, the novel is one of the finest examples of twentieth century American literature. The author used a highly modernistic narrative style to portray "a plague" the once aristocratic South has to face in modern times: the inevitable breaking of the link to land and traditional ways of life. The disintegration is presented through the archetypal images of earth, fire and water, all leading the characters to their collapse, except for Dilsey who becomes the symbol of a healthy attitude to life. The story is told from the point of view of the young Jean Louise Finch whose father defends Tom Robinson, a black person charged with raping a white woman. The novel may thus be seen as yet another version of the treatment of southern society, including its racism, from the point of view of a small child; a twentieth century modification of Tom Sawyer's or Huckleberry Finn's adventures. African American Literature The beginnings of African American literature can be traced back to slavery, when African-descended authors in the USA began writing "slave narratives" about their experiences as slaves or escaping from slavery, with Frederick Douglass’ *Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave* (1845) being one of the most famous accounts. Earlier attempts at literary creation include Phillis Wheatley (1753–1784), the first black woman to write poetry in colonial America. Frequent themes in African American literature include slavery, racial relations, ethnicity, protest, and the struggle for equality. Despite the end of slavery after the Civil War, it remained a significant theme, depicted in 20th and 21st-century works within broader cultural contexts such as the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. This movement, centered in Harlem, New York, saw a rise in Black culture, arts, and jazz music. Langston Hughes (1902–1967) embodied the Harlem Renaissance, writing poetry for common black people that celebrated black identity and heritage, and linking poetry with music. His "metaphysics of simplicity" (Henzy 915) earned him comparisons to Walt Whitman, particularly in his poems "I, too" and "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," which highlight racial equality and black identity. Hughes' poetry, influenced by music, is best seen in "The Weary Blues," where the existential sadness of a black piano player reflects the fate of the whole race, though it also refers to a universal human "weariness." Another African American writer associated with Harlem, though not a member of the Harlem Renaissance, was Ralph Waldo Ellison (1913–1994). Ellison's masterpiece, *Invisible Man*, published in 1952 and recognized by the National Book Award in 1953, addresses African American identity and racial tensions. The narrator’s invisibility symbolizes society's attitude towards the black community, but the novel also tells the story of a black boy from the rural South moving to industrial New York and encountering socialist ideas. While the narrator's black identity and the Harlem setting are central, Ellison was influenced by a range of great artists, irrespective of their skin color.